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Applied Sciences
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Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects
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Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3554

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Javier Portillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Motor Competence and Excellence in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
Interests: physical activity; exercise science
Dr. Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
Interests: sports science; strength & conditioning; sport training; athletic performance; sports injuries; injury prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce the forthcoming Special Issue "Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects", dedicated to exploring the forefront of advancements in the dynamic field of sports medicine.

Sports medicine is in a state of constant evolution, driven by novel diagnostic tools, advanced treatment modalities, and personalized interventions. This Special Issue provides a platform for researchers, clinicians, and experts to share their original research articles, comprehensive reviews, clinical case studies and visionary perspectives, driving forward the understanding and practice of sports medicine.

By uniting the expertise of professionals from various disciplines, we aim to foster a holistic understanding of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities of sports medicine in the modern era.

Dr. Javier Portillo
Dr. Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sports medicine
  • exercise medicine
  • sports science
  • injury prevention
  • regenerative therapies

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2040 KiB  
Article
Sex-Related and Performance Differences in Contractile Properties, ROM, Strength, and Dynamometry Performance of World-Class Flatwater Canoeists
by Tania Álvarez-Yates, Alba Cuba-Dorado, Mario Iglesias-Caamaño, Virginia Serrano-Gómez, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura and Oscar García-García
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 3167; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083167 - 9 Apr 2024
Viewed by 399
Abstract
The inclusion of women canoe in the Olympic Games reflects the growth and development that women have ahead of them in this modality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore sex and performance level differences in muscle contractile properties through Tensiomyography [...] Read more.
The inclusion of women canoe in the Olympic Games reflects the growth and development that women have ahead of them in this modality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore sex and performance level differences in muscle contractile properties through Tensiomyography (TMG), range of motion (ROM), strength, and canoe-specific functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD) performance and establish performance differences between international medalists and non-medalists. Twelve male and nine female canoeists from the Spanish and Portuguese national canoe teams were assessed through TMG, ROM, strength, and canoe-specific isometric and incremental FEMD tests. Few sex and performance level differences were found in TMG and ROM; however, significant sex differences were found in the strength and FEMD tests. Male canoeists had a greater Fmax in Leg Press, Pm and Pmax in canoe position cable row, 1RM bench press and bench pull, Fm and Fpeak canoe-specific isometric FEMD test and number of strokes, and Fpeak and Pmax on the incremental FEMD test than females. International medalists showed a lower time until reaching Vmax and Pmax in Leg Press on both sides and a greater number of strokes and Fpeak in the maximal incremental FEMD test than non-medalists. This study reinforces the utility of the use of TMG and FEMD for assessing and monitoring world-class athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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17 pages, 865 KiB  
Article
Assessing Jump Performance: Intra- and Interday Reliability and Minimum Difference of Countermovement Jump and Drop Jump Outcomes, Kinetics, Kinematics, and Jump Strategy
by Jaime González-García, Manuel Conejero and Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2662; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062662 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 466
Abstract
Understanding the reliability of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of several countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) test metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen ( [...] Read more.
Understanding the reliability of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of several countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) test metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen (n = 16) semi-professional female volleyball players participated in this test-retest study. Intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ and DJ metrics were evaluated using a randomized cross-over design. A dual force platform was used to collect CMJ and DJ data, and several dependent variables were calculated using forward dynamics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and minimum difference (MD) were calculated to assess intra- and interday reliability. During the same testing, the third attempt consistently yielded the highest values for both tests in jump height but presented excellent reliability (CMJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.97 [0.93–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 4.1% [1.2–7.0]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 2.9 cm; DJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.77–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 6.7% [1.9–11.5]; MD95 = 6.0 cm; MD90 = 5.0 cm). CMJ height exhibited excellent reliability between sessions (ICC [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.81–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.8% [1.1–6.4]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 3.0 cm), whereas DJ height demonstrated slightly lower but still acceptable intersession reliability (ICC [95%CI] = 0.81 [0.55–0.93]; CV [95%CI] = 6.1% [1.7–10.4]; MD95 = 5.2 cm; MD90 = 4.4 cm). Intersession reliability for CMJ kinetics and kinematics was excellent for 13 of the 24 metrics assessed. For DJ, only concentric (ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.76–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.0% [0.9–5.2]; MD95 = 15 Ns; MD90 = 12.6 Ns) and eccentric impulses (ICC [95%CI] = 0.99 [0.96–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 1.7% [0.5–2.9]; MD95 = 9.2 Ns; MD90 = 7.7 Ns) demonstrated excellent intersession reliability. Most CMJ variables showed excellent reliability within sessions, while DJ had lower reliability in most metrics. These findings provide valuable information to physical trainers to select the metrics to assess athletes’ performance as well as to identify a minimum cut-off value that serves as a reference for each of the metrics reported in both tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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11 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Genes Associated with Muscle, Tendon and Ligament Injury Epidemiology in Women’s Amateur Football Players
by David Varillas-Delgado
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051980 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 428
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of specific genetic studies regarding injuries in women’s football. However, different genetic factors have been associated with tendon/ligament injuries in women football players. The aim of the study was to examine the genotypic frequencies of genes associated [...] Read more.
Background: There is a lack of specific genetic studies regarding injuries in women’s football. However, different genetic factors have been associated with tendon/ligament injuries in women football players. The aim of the study was to examine the genotypic frequencies of genes associated with injury risk and epidemiology in women’s amateur football players and the aetiology of injuries. Methods: In total, 168 women’s amateur football players from football clubs in the Spanish second division league and Caucasian descent were enrolled in this prospective observational cross-sectional study. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK (rs2849757 and rs2700352) polymorphisms were genotyped. The characteristics of 169 non-contact injuries during the 2022/2023 season were classified following the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement for reporting injuries as follows: musculoskeletal, tendon/ligament, injury setting; and severity. The disequilibria of polymorphisms were estimated using the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The characteristics of the injuries were recorded, and the genotype characteristics were analysed. The genotype frequencies of all polymorphisms were compared between non-injured and injured football players and injury aetiologies. Results: The AMPD1 genotype distribution differed between tendon/ligament injured and non-injured (p = 0.003) with a higher frequency in the TT genotype and T allele. The genotype distribution was different for the CKM and MLCK c.37885C>A polymorphisms in training and match injuries (p = 0.038 and p = 0.031, respectively). In the ACTN3 and AMPD1 polymorphisms, the distribution of the TT genotype in both genes showed a higher frequency in severe injuries (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tendon/ligament injury epidemiology in women’s amateur football players was associated especially with the TT genotype of the AMPD1 gene. The TT genotype of the AMPD1 and ACTN3 genes was also associated with severity, and the CKM and MLCK polymorphisms were associated with injury settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
16 pages, 2830 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of a Step Load Unilateral and Bilateral Resistance Training Program on the Strength and Power of the Lower Limbs in Soccer Players
by Miłosz Drozd, Natalia Kędra, Joanna Motowidło, Krzysztof Ficek, Marta Bichowska-Pawęska and Adam Zając
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051732 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 691
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the influence of a four-week unilateral (UNI) and bilateral (BIL) resistance training program on peak torque and peak power of the lower limbs in soccer players. Background: We evaluated the effects of a 3:1 step [...] Read more.
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the influence of a four-week unilateral (UNI) and bilateral (BIL) resistance training program on peak torque and peak power of the lower limbs in soccer players. Background: We evaluated the effects of a 3:1 step load training program using UNI and BIL forms of exercises on the level of peak torque and peak power of the knee joint extensors and flexors. Methods: The study included 16 division I soccer players having the highest number of matches played in the first round of the season. The motor tests included isokinetic evaluation of peak torque and peak power of the extensors and flexors of the knee joint. Results: The results showed that both types of training sessions were equally effective. Only in terms of power during knee flexion, unilateral training contributed to improvement, whereas bilateral training did not. Conclusions: The use of periodization using a step load progression based on an extended eccentric phase of the movement during the preseason period in combination with UNI training may increase peak torque and peak power of knee flexors and extensors in soccer players. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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16 pages, 1958 KiB  
Systematic Review
Does the Inclusion of Static or Dynamic Stretching in the Warm-Up Routine Improve Jump Height and ROM in Physically Active Individuals? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Paula Esteban-García, Javier Abián-Vicen, Jorge Sánchez-Infante, María Ramírez-delaCruz and Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3872; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093872 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 320
Abstract
The effect of different stretches during warm-up on subsequent performance has been studied. However, no reviews are found in which a meta-analytical analysis is used. The aim was to synthesise the effects of different types of stretching included in the warm-up on jumping [...] Read more.
The effect of different stretches during warm-up on subsequent performance has been studied. However, no reviews are found in which a meta-analytical analysis is used. The aim was to synthesise the effects of different types of stretching included in the warm-up on jumping performance and ROM. The Cochrane, Sport Discus, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. The inclusion criteria included studies analysing the effect of different stretching in the warm-up, on a vertical jump or lower-limb ROM. Sixteen studies were eligible for meta-analysis. In vertical jumping, SS led to a non-significant decrease in jump height (SMD = −0.17 95%CI [−0.39, 0.04]; I2 = 16%; Z = 1.57; p = 0.30), and DS led to a non-significant increase in jump height (SMD = 0.12, 95%CI [−0.05, 0.29]; I2 = 4%; Z = 1.34; p = 0.41). Statistically significant differences were observed between stretches (p = 0.04). Regarding ROM, both stretches showed improvements compared to the control intervention (SS:SMD = 0.40, 95%CI [0.05, 0.74]; SD:SMD = 0.48, 95%CI [0.13, 0.83]). However, no differences were observed (p = 0.73) between static and dynamic stretching. A greater presence of dynamic stretching is recommended in the warm-up of those sports that require a good jump height and range of motion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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13 pages, 698 KiB  
Systematic Review
Biomotor Abilities for Law Enforcement Officer Readiness
by Luís Monteiro, Vanessa Santos, Mark G. Abel, Emily L. Langford, Gabriel J. Martinez and Luís Miguel Massuça
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3004; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073004 - 3 Apr 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) must maintain a certain level of physical fitness to perform occupational tasks successfully. Because of the wide variation among operators, there does not appear to be a standard fitness test battery that is appropriate to assess occupational fitness for [...] Read more.
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) must maintain a certain level of physical fitness to perform occupational tasks successfully. Because of the wide variation among operators, there does not appear to be a standard fitness test battery that is appropriate to assess occupational fitness for different groups of law enforcement officers. Therefore, multi-faceted fitness assessments are important to evaluate tactical personnel’s various essential fitness components, which are often unique to each environment. Fitness standards and training protocols must be developed for each law enforcement agency and customised to the specific audience. This article aims to systematically review the relevant literature to identify biomotor abilities associated with occupational physical ability. This study examined the results of 17 international studies to ultimately synthesise information that (i) aids in the selection of the most used biomotor abilities and occupational physical abilities for LEOs and (ii) serves as a starting point for the development of occupational physical abilities assessment protocols. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex and diverse physical demands on LEOs, advocating for tailored fitness programs and policy reforms to enhance their operational readiness and long-term health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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