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8.3
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Biomolecules
Special Issues
Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry
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Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 17436

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tzong-Ming Shieh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: oral biology; oral oncology; microbiology; microRNAs; natural compounds application
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The discovery and development of natural compounds from foods, drinks, herbs, and microbial have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine. There are soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity, which is a warm, humid, and hypoxic environment. Microflora and host immunity imbalance, virus infection, cigarette smoking and betel chewing induce several diseases, such as caries, periodontitis, herpes, and oral cancer. Here, we recruit manuscripts focused on original natural compounds, modified natural compounds, and natural compounds combined with drug delivery, application, and working mechanisms in oral disease prevention and therapy, including anti-oral disease pathogens, anti-oral cancer, additive natural compounds in dental materials, etc.

Prof. Tzong-Ming Shieh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural compounds
  • dentistry
  • dental materials
  • oral cancer
  • caries
  • periodontitis
  • anti-bacteria
  • anti-cancer

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 7212 KiB  
Article
Natural Compounds Modulate Drug Transporter Mediated Oral Cancer Treatment
by Hsiang Yang, Yu-Ching Wei, Wan-Chun Li, Hsin-Yung Chen, Hung-Ying Lin, Chun-Pin Chiang and Hsin-Ming Chen
Biomolecules 2020, 10(9), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091335 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2757
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a serious health problem. Surgery is the best method to treat the disease but might reduce the quality of life of patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may enhance quality of life but with some limitations. Therefore, the development of a [...] Read more.
Oral cancer (OC) is a serious health problem. Surgery is the best method to treat the disease but might reduce the quality of life of patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may enhance quality of life but with some limitations. Therefore, the development of a new strategy to facilitate PDT effectiveness has become crucial. ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) is a membrane protein-associated drug resistance and stemness in cancers. Here, we examined whether ABCG2 plays an important role in regulating the treatment efficacy of PDT and whether ABCG2 inhibition by natural compounds can promote the effect of PDT in OC cells. Several head and neck cancer cells were utilized in this study. OECM1 and SAS cells were selected to investigate the relationship between ABCG2 expression and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry analysis, and survival probability were performed to determine PDT efficacy and cellular stemness upon treatment of different dietary compounds, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin. In this study, we found that ABCG2 expression varied in OC cells. Hypoglycemic culture for SAS cells enhanced ABCG2 expression as higher ABCG2 expression was associated with lower PpIX accumulation and cellular stemness in OC cells. In contrast, suppression of ABCG2 expression by curcumin and tea polyphenol EGCG led to greater PpIX accumulation and enhanced PDT treatment efficiency in OC cells. In conclusion, ABCG2 plays an important role in regulating the effect of PDT. Change in glucose concentration and treatment with natural compounds modulated ABCG2 expression, resulting in altered PDT efficacy for OC cells. These modulations raise a potential new treatment strategy for early-stage OCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry)
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14 pages, 3374 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Resin-Based Material Containing Copaiba Oleoresin (Copaifera Reticulata Ducke): Biological Effects on the Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
by Roberta Souza D’Almeida Couto, Maria Fernanda Setubal Destro Rodrigues, Leila Soares Ferreira, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz, Fernando de Sá Silva, Talita Christine Camilo Lopez, Rafael Rodrigues Lima and Márcia Martins Marques
Biomolecules 2020, 10(7), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10070972 - 28 Jun 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2289
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze in vitro the biological effects on human dental pulp stem cells triggered in response to substances leached or dissolved from two experimental cements for dental pulp capping. The experimental materials, based on extracts from Copaifera [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to analyze in vitro the biological effects on human dental pulp stem cells triggered in response to substances leached or dissolved from two experimental cements for dental pulp capping. The experimental materials, based on extracts from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (COP), were compared to calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), materials commonly used for direct dental pulp capping in restorative dentistry. For this, human dental pulp stem cells were exposed to COP associated or not with Ca(OH)2 or MTA. Cell cytocompatibility, migration, and differentiation (mineralized nodule formation (Alizarin red assay) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) of OCN, DSPP, and HSP-27 (genes regulated in biomineralization events)) were evaluated. The results showed that the association of COP reduced the cytotoxicity of Ca(OH)2. Upregulations of the OCN, DSPP, and HSP-27 genes were observed in response to the association of COP to MTA, and the DSPP and HSP-27 genes were upregulated in the Ca(OH)2 + COP group. In up to 24 h, cell migration was significantly enhanced in the MTA + COP and Ca(OH)2 + COP groups. In conclusion, the combination of COP with the currently used materials for dental pulp capping [Ca(OH)2 and MTA] improved the cell activities related to pulp repair (i.e., cytocompatibility, differentiation, mineralization, and migration) including a protective effect against the cytotoxicity of Ca(OH)2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry)
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17 pages, 6466 KiB  
Article
Near-Surface Studies of the Changes to the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Enamel under the Action of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP–ACP Compound
by Izabela Świetlicka, Damian Kuc, Michał Świetlicki, Marta Arczewska, Siemowit Muszyński, Ewa Tomaszewska, Adam Prószyński, Krzysztof Gołacki, Jerzy Błaszczak, Krystian Cieślak, Daniel Kamiński and Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
Biomolecules 2020, 10(5), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050765 - 14 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Changes to the features of the enamel surface submitted to induced demineralisation and subsequent remineralisation were studied. The in vitro examination was conducted on polished slices of human molar teeth, divided in four groups: the untreated control (n = 20), challenged by [...] Read more.
Changes to the features of the enamel surface submitted to induced demineralisation and subsequent remineralisation were studied. The in vitro examination was conducted on polished slices of human molar teeth, divided in four groups: the untreated control (n = 20), challenged by a demineralisation with orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) (n = 20), and challenged by a demineralisation following remineralisation with fluoride (F) varnish containing casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) compounds (n = 20). The specimens’ enamel surfaces were subjected to analysis of structure, molecular arrangement, mechanical features, chemical composition, and crystalline organization of apatite crystals. Specimens treated with acid showed a significant decrease in crystallinity, calcium, and phosphorus levels as well as mechanical parameters, with an increase in enamel surface roughness and degree of carbonates when compared to the control group. Treatment with fluoride CPP–ACP varnish provided great improvements in enamel arrangement, as the destroyed hydroxyapatite structure was largely rebuilt and the resulting enamel surface was characterised by greater regularity, higher molecular and structural organisation, and a smoother surface compared to the demineralised one. In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that fluoride CPP–ACP varnish, by improving enamel hardness and initiating the deposition of a new crystal layer, can be an effective remineralising agent for the treatment of damaged enamel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry)
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Review

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19 pages, 262 KiB  
Review
Traditional Herbal Medicine Mediated Regulations during Head and Neck Carcinogenesis
by Xiang-Yun Lan, Tzu-Ting Chung, Chien-Ling Huang, Yi-Jang Lee and Wan-Chun Li
Biomolecules 2020, 10(9), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091321 - 15 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3370
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. It is well recognized that environmental challenges such as smoking, viral infection and alcohol consumption are key factors underlying HNSCC pathogenesis. Other than major clinical interventions (e.g., surgical [...] Read more.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. It is well recognized that environmental challenges such as smoking, viral infection and alcohol consumption are key factors underlying HNSCC pathogenesis. Other than major clinical interventions (e.g., surgical resection, chemical and radiotherapy) that have been routinely practiced over years, adjuvant anticancer agents from Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) are proposed, either alone or together with conventional therapies, to be experimentally effective for improving treatment efficacy in different cancers including HNSCCs. At a cellular and molecular basis, THM extracts could modulate different malignant indices via distinct signaling pathways and provide better control in HNSCC malignancy and its clinical complications such as radiotherapy-induced xerostomia/oral mucositis. In this article, we aim to systemically review the impacts of THM in regulating HNSCC tumorous identities and its potential perspective for clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry)
30 pages, 1257 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Phytochemicals in Oral Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Review of the Evidence
by Tzu-Ying Lee and Yu-Hsin Tseng
Biomolecules 2020, 10(8), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081150 - 6 Aug 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5798
Abstract
The etiological factors of oral cancer are complex including drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, betel quid chewing, human papillomavirus infection, and nutritional deficiencies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of oral cancer is vital. The traditional treatment for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., surgery, [...] Read more.
The etiological factors of oral cancer are complex including drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, betel quid chewing, human papillomavirus infection, and nutritional deficiencies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of oral cancer is vital. The traditional treatment for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) and targeted molecular therapy still have numerous shortcomings. In recent years, the use of phytochemical factors to prevent or treat cancer has received increasing attention. These phytochemicals have little or no toxicity against healthy tissues and are thus ideal chemopreventive agents. However, phytochemicals usually have low water solubility, low bioavailability, and insufficient targeting which limit therapeutic use. Numerous studies have investigated the development of phytochemical delivery systems to address these problems. The present article provides an overview of oral cancer including the etiological factors, diagnosis, and traditional therapy. Furthermore, the classification, dietary sources, anticancer bioactivity, delivery system improvements, and molecular mechanisms against oral cancer of phytochemicals are also discussed in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Mechanism of Natural Compounds in Dentistry)
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