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Biomolecules
Special Issues
Plant Hormones and Stresses
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Plant Hormones and Stresses

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 17763

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Klára Hoyerová

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: hormonal regulations in plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant hormones are small signal molecules controlling plant growth and development. As the name phytohormones suggests, they are present in plant tissues in extremely low concentrations. The depth of our knowledge of specific groups of plant hormones varies. Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and the abscisic acid represent the so-called “classic phytohormones”. Jasmononic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones are relative newcomers. As sessile organisms, plants need to adapt to continuously changing environmental conditions. Plant hormones represent key elements responsible for the translation of environmental signals into the necessary changes of plant growth and development. Despite growing information on phytohormone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signalling as well as cross-talk with other phytohormones or regulatory elements, the exact mechanisms involved in the fantastic adaptability of plants is still rather shallow. The ability of plants to withstand and adapt to a broad spectrum of environments is now highlighted in the view of global climate change. Deciphering the mechanisms of phytohormone action controlling plant responses to abiotic (drought, heat, cold, light, salinity) and biotic (insects, bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes) stresses should provide new strategies for developing crops with enhanced plasticity against extreme growth conditions.

The goal of this Special Issue is to gather new information on mechanisms of phytohormone action, molecular interactions, and cross-talk to other phytohormones, all that with special emphasis on phytohormone action in changing growth conditions and stress tolerance in plants.

Dr. Klára Hoyerová
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • plant hormones
  • phytohormones
  • auxin
  • cytokinin
  • abscisic acid
  • gibberellins
  • ethylene
  • brassinosteroids
  • jasmonic acid
  • salicylic acid
  • strigolactones

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

22 pages, 4904 KiB  
Article
Two Auxinic Herbicides Affect Brassica napus Plant Hormone Levels and Induce Molecular Changes in Transcription
by Jutta Ludwig-Müller, Roman Rattunde, Sabine Rößler, Katja Liedel, Freia Benade, Agnes Rost and Jörg Becker
Biomolecules 2021, 11(8), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081153 - 4 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3308
Abstract
With the introduction of the new auxinic herbicide halauxifen-methyl into the oilseed rape (Brassica napus) market, there is a need to understand how this new molecule interacts with indigenous plant hormones (e.g., IAA) in terms of crop response. The aim of [...] Read more.
With the introduction of the new auxinic herbicide halauxifen-methyl into the oilseed rape (Brassica napus) market, there is a need to understand how this new molecule interacts with indigenous plant hormones (e.g., IAA) in terms of crop response. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular background by using different growth conditions under which three different auxinic herbicides were administered. These were halauxifen-methyl (Hal), alone and together with aminopyralid (AP) as well as picloram (Pic). Three different hormone classes were determined, free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) as a precursor for ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA) at two different temperatures and growth stages as well as over time (2–168 h after treatment). At 15 °C growth temperature, the effect was more pronounced than at 9 °C, and generally, the younger leaves independent of the developmental stage showed a larger effect on the alterations of hormones. IAA and ACC showed reproducible alterations after auxinic herbicide treatments over time, while ABA did not. Finally, a transcriptome analysis after treatment with two auxinic herbicides, Hal and Pic, showed different expression patterns. Hal treatment leads to the upregulation of auxin and hormone responses at 48 h and 96 h. Pic treatment induced the hormone/auxin response already after 2 h, and this continued for the other time points. The more detailed analysis of the auxin response in the datasets indicate a role for GH3 genes and genes encoding auxin efflux proteins. The upregulation of the GH3 genes correlates with the increase in conjugated IAA at the same time points and treatments. Also, genes for were found that confirm the upregulation of the ethylene pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormones and Stresses)
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17 pages, 10052 KiB  
Article
Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes
by Kashif Shahzad, Sadam Hussain, Muhammad Arfan, Saddam Hussain, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Shahid Zamir, Maham Saddique, Abdur Rauf, Khaled Y. Kamal, Christophe Hano and Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11071005 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 5316
Abstract
Soil salinity is the major limiting factor restricting plant growth and development. Little is known about the comparative and combined effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) seed priming and foliar application on maize under salt stress. The current study determined the impact [...] Read more.
Soil salinity is the major limiting factor restricting plant growth and development. Little is known about the comparative and combined effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) seed priming and foliar application on maize under salt stress. The current study determined the impact of different application methods of GA3 on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of maize seedlings under three salinity stress treatments (no salinity, moderate salinity-6 dS m−1, and severe salinity-12 dS m−1). The GA3 treatments consisted of control, hydro-priming (HP), water foliar spray (WFS), HP + WFS, seed priming with GA3 (GA3P, 100 mg L−1), foliar spray with GA3 (GA3FS, 100ppm) and GA3P + GA3FS. Salt stress particularly at 12 dS m−1 reduced the length of shoots and roots, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, K+ ion accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while enhanced the oxidative damage and accumulation of the Na+ ion in maize plants. Nevertheless, the application of GA3 improved maize growth, reduced oxidative stress, and increased the antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidant genes expression, and K+ ion concentration under salt stress. Compared with control, the GA3P + GA3FS recorded the highest increase in roots and shoots length (19–37%), roots fresh and dry weights (31–43%), shoots fresh and dry weights (31–47%), chlorophyll content (21–70%), antioxidant enzymes activities (73.03–150.74%), total soluble protein (13.05%), K+ concentration (13–23%) and antioxidants genes expression levels under different salinity levels. This treatment also reduced the H2O2 content, and Na+ ion concentration. These results indicated that GA3P + GA3FS could be used as an effective tool for improving the maize growth and development, and reducing the oxidative stress in salt-contaminated soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormones and Stresses)
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Review

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24 pages, 1088 KiB  
Review
The Functional Interplay between Ethylene, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur in Plant Heat Stress Tolerance
by Zebus Sehar, Harsha Gautam, Noushina Iqbal, Ameena Fatima Alvi, Badar Jahan, Mehar Fatma, Mohammed Albaqami and Nafees A. Khan
Biomolecules 2022, 12(5), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050678 - 8 May 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3705
Abstract
Plants encounter several abiotic stresses, among which heat stress is gaining paramount attention because of the changing climatic conditions. Severe heat stress conspicuously reduces crop productivity through changes in metabolic processes and in growth and development. Ethylene and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [...] Read more.
Plants encounter several abiotic stresses, among which heat stress is gaining paramount attention because of the changing climatic conditions. Severe heat stress conspicuously reduces crop productivity through changes in metabolic processes and in growth and development. Ethylene and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signaling molecules involved in defense against heat stress through modulation of biomolecule synthesis, the antioxidant system, and post-translational modifications. Other compounds containing the essential mineral nutrient sulfur (S) also play pivotal roles in these defense mechanisms. As biosynthesis of ethylene and H2S is connected to the S-assimilation pathway, it is logical to consider the existence of a functional interplay between ethylene, H2S, and S in relation to heat stress tolerance. The present review focuses on the crosstalk between ethylene, H2S, and S to highlight their joint involvement in heat stress tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormones and Stresses)
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17 pages, 2630 KiB  
Review
Brassinosteroids in Plants: Crosstalk with Small-Molecule Compounds
by Dongliang Hu, Lijuan Wei and Weibiao Liao
Biomolecules 2021, 11(12), 1800; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11121800 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4110
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen [...] Read more.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in plant growth and development as signaling messengers. Recently, the involvement of SMCs in BR-mediated growth and stress responses is gradually being discovered in plants, including seed germination, adventitious rooting, stem elongation, fruit ripening, and stress responses. The crosstalk between BRs and SMCs promotes plant development and alleviates stress damage by modulating the antioxidant system, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as osmotic adjustment. In the present review, we try to explain the function of BRs and SMCs and their crosstalk in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormones and Stresses)
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