Advances in the 3D Printing of Concrete

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2024 | Viewed by 4200

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: 3D printing of concrete; material development; material optimization; circularity in the construction industry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The extrusion-based 3D printing (3DCP) of concrete is rapidly gaining popularity in the construction industry. Large-scale projects investigating this method are taking place at an increasing rate across the globe, with the aim of improving upon traditional construction methods while meeting the same structural standards. Despite its many advantages, establishing 3DCP as an equivalent construction process comes with multiple challenges. These challenges range from matching the design with the method’s manufacturing capabilities, maintaining consistent quality on a large scale, and ensuring structural reliability and compatibility with other materials. Furthermore, the sustainability/durability of the material and the (possible) integration of circularity in the design process are becoming increasingly important.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to explore recent challenges and developments in 3D printing. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Material development;
  • Material characterization in fresh and hardened states;
  • Mechanical properties;
  • Durability/sustainability;
  • Quality control;
  • 3D modelling;
  • Parametric design (tools and development);
  • Structural applications.

Dr. Jolien Van Der Putten
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D Printing
  • material development
  • material characterization
  • durability/sustainability
  • parametric design
  • structural applications

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2192 KiB  
Article
Interlayer Bond Strength of 3D Printed Concrete Members with Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Mix
by Yoon Jung Lee, Sang-Hoon Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Hoseong Jeong, Sun-Jin Han and Kang Su Kim
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 2060; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072060 - 5 Jul 2024
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Abstract
In structures manufactured using 3D concrete printing, cracks can easily propagate along the interface between printed layers. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the interlayer bond strength. In this study, direct shear and tensile tests were performed to determine the interlayer bond stability [...] Read more.
In structures manufactured using 3D concrete printing, cracks can easily propagate along the interface between printed layers. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the interlayer bond strength. In this study, direct shear and tensile tests were performed to determine the interlayer bond stability of the 3DCP members. To confirm the appropriateness of the mix proportion used to fabricate the specimens, the open time available for printing was identified via a mixing test, and the extrudability and buildability were verified via a printing test. In addition, direct shear and tensile tests were performed using the specimen manufacturing method (i.e., mold casting and 3D printing) and printing time gap (PTG) between the laminated layers as key test variables. The interlayer bond strengths of the specimens, according to the variables obtained from the test results, were compared and analyzed based on the interfacial shear strength standards presented in the current structural codes. In the direct shear test, failure occurred at the interlayers of all the specimens, and the interlayer bond strength tended to decrease with increasing PTG. In addition, the interlayer bond strength of the direct shear specimens exceeded the interfacial shear strength suggested by current structural codes. In contrast, in the direct tensile test, interlayer surface failure occurred only in some specimens, and there was no distinct change in the interlayer bond strength owing to PTG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the 3D Printing of Concrete)
23 pages, 12699 KiB  
Article
Automated Reinforcement during Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing: Structural Assessment of a Dual Approach
by Hassan Ahmed, Ilerioluwa Giwa, Daniel Game, Gabriel Arce, Hassan Noorvand, Marwa Hassan and Ali Kazemian
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041167 - 20 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
Automated and seamless integration of reinforcement is one of the main unresolved challenges in large-scale additive construction. This study leverages a dual-reinforcement solution consisting of high-dosage steel fiber (up to 2.5% by volume) and short vertical reinforcements as a complementary reinforcement technique for [...] Read more.
Automated and seamless integration of reinforcement is one of the main unresolved challenges in large-scale additive construction. This study leverages a dual-reinforcement solution consisting of high-dosage steel fiber (up to 2.5% by volume) and short vertical reinforcements as a complementary reinforcement technique for 3D-printed elements. The mechanical performance of the printing material was characterized by measuring the compressive, flexural, and uniaxial tensile strengths of mold-cast specimens. Furthermore, the flexural performance of the plain and fiber-reinforced 3D-printed beams was evaluated in the three main loading directions (X, Y, and Z-directions in-plane). In addition, short vertical threaded reinforcements were inserted into the fiber-reinforced 3D-printed beams tested in the Z-direction. The experimental results revealed the superior flexural performance of the fiber-reinforced beams loaded in the longitudinal directions (X and Y). Moreover, the threaded reinforcement significantly increases the flexural strength and ductility of beams loaded along the interface, compared to the control. Overall, the proposed dual-reinforcement approach, which exhibited notably less porosity compared to the mold-cast counterpart, holds great potential as a reinforcement solution for 3D-printed structures without the need for manual operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the 3D Printing of Concrete)
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Review

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29 pages, 9094 KiB  
Review
Advancement in Sustainable 3D Concrete Printing: A Review on Materials, Challenges, and Current Progress in Australia
by Kumari Gamage, Sabrina Fawzia, Tatheer Zahra, Muge Belek Fialho Teixeira and Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020494 - 10 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2804
Abstract
Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is a sustainable and green approach for rapid construction with the ability to create complex shapes to preserve the intended aesthetic appearance for an affordable cost. Even after a decade of attempts, there are many limitations and challenges to [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is a sustainable and green approach for rapid construction with the ability to create complex shapes to preserve the intended aesthetic appearance for an affordable cost. Even after a decade of attempts, there are many limitations and challenges to applying this technology for constructions without borders. The lack of guidelines for mix designs, quality control procedures during extrusion, printing and building phases, compatibility of material with extruder, standard testing, and guidelines to verify suitability of mixture with respect to the application and exposure conditions and limited machine capacity are several areas to be addressed for applications without borders. The development of 3DCP applications as a sustainable and green technology is another challenging task due to high Portland cement consumption in 3DCP. However, reducing the high usage of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with pozzolanic waste materials replacement and environmentally friendly cement indicates the direction of moving 3DCP into a sustainable pathway. The authors reviewed more than 200 refereed articles published on materials and techniques in 3DCP. Inconsistency in disseminating knowledge in research articles has hindered the creation of a monolithically connected chain of research efforts and findings in accelerating the development and adoption of this technology. This paper summarizes the common approach to developing 3DCP mix designs and identifies the key areas for the future development of materials and techniques and challenges to be addressed for the global adoption of 3DCP. The current progress and challenges in the context of Australia’s construction industry and future trends for the acceptance of 3DCP are also reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the 3D Printing of Concrete)
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