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Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in...
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Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 4327

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Klára V. Machalická

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Measurement Methods, Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 08 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: adhesive joints; glass structures; aging and environmental influences on mechanical properties of polymers; experimental testing
Dr. Petr Pokorný

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Building Materials, Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 08 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: corrosion science; corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete; bond strength; coatings; conversion coatings; chemical analysis; experimental testing
Dr. Vera Obradović

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Experimental and Measurement Methods, Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 08 Prague, Czech Republic
2. Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy LTD. in Belgrade, 4, Karnegijeva Street, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: materials engineering; composite materials; nanotechnology; environmental effects; polymer; experimental testing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings”. Mechanical properties of polymeric materials are key of importance in all applications where polymers are used as a structural building material. The mechanical properties of polymers can be highly modified by the environment, which often acts as a degradation factor, and degradation can be also increased by the simultaneous action of mechanical stress. Artificial aging methods widely accepted in aerospace or automotive industries are not directly applicable to civil engineering due to different service conditions, loading scenarios, and design service lifetime of buildings. Therefore, new or rearranged laboratory aging methods must be accepted.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to collect original research studies, review papers, and experimental and/or numerical investigations that are focused on the durability and aging of polymers and coatings in structural applications in buildings. Topics of particular interest include, but are not limited to:

  • adhesive joints and sealants;
  • interlayers of laminated glass;
  • composites with polymeric matrix;
  • comparison of artificial aging methods and natural aging;
  • development/rearrangement of laboratory aging methods suitable for the civil engineering field;
  • numerical simulation of aging and environmental effects;
  • corrosion of coated steel in concrete;
  • stabilization of corrosion products against aging;
  • passivation conversion coatings;
  • bond strength of coated reinforcement with concrete.

Dr. Klára V. Machalická
Dr. Petr Pokorný
Dr. Vera Obradović
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • environmental effects
  • long-term loading effects
  • adhesive
  • sealant
  • polymer
  • composite
  • interlayer of laminated glass
  • service-life
  • durability
  • coatings

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
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  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 22993 KiB  
Article
Water Resistance of Acrylic Adhesive Tapes for Rooftop Fastening
by Klára V. Machalická, Petr Sejkot, Miroslav Vokáč, Petr Pokorný and Vera Obradović
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1636; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061636 - 3 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 434
Abstract
Rooftop solar modules are usually held in place by racks or frames that are mechanically attached to a roof structure and/or by heavyweight, ballasted footing mounts. These mounts ensure that the panel system remains in position against wind load. However, mechanical connectors create [...] Read more.
Rooftop solar modules are usually held in place by racks or frames that are mechanically attached to a roof structure and/or by heavyweight, ballasted footing mounts. These mounts ensure that the panel system remains in position against wind load. However, mechanical connectors create penetrations into the water-resistant layer of the roof, whereas ballasted footing mounts cause a significant additional load on the load-bearing structure of roof. For these reasons, adhesive connection seems to be a beneficial solution. Acrylic adhesive tapes, marked as VHBTM, may provide sufficient strength, and they have no need for mechanical fasteners or ballast. Acrylic adhesive tapes also provide a comfortable, fast, and efficient bonding process with no curing compared to liquid adhesives. On the other hand, resistance to water at load-bearing joints has not been sufficiently studied yet and could be critical for connections exposed to the outdoor environment. The present study aims at the determination of water resistance and durability of the VHBTM tapes from the GPH series, which are typically used to bond a variety of substrates including many metals. The mechanical properties and failure modes are compared for the specimens before and after a 21-day immersion in water. A significant reduction in strength was observed, depending on the substrate material. The study of chemical changes in the acrylic tape and in its leachate through infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction analyses clarified the reduction in mechanical properties. The selected VHBTM tape demonstrated strong resistance to the effects of water. However, the overall strength of the joint after immersion was significantly impacted by the decrease in adhesion to a specific substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings)
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26 pages, 12504 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Properties and Bond Strength in Normal Strength Concrete of Al2O3 Plasma-Sprayed Plain Bars with ZrCC/Organofunctional Silane Coating
by Petr Pokorný, Nikola Prodanovic, Karel Hurtig, Veronika Steinerová, Jaroslav Fojt, Marek Janata and Vlastimil Brožek
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061543 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 661
Abstract
In this study, the corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating (APSS) with a topcoat of zirconium-based conversion coating (ZrCC) and organofunctional silane coating (3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; GPTMS) on carbon steel are investigated in detail. Additionally, the bond strength of plain steel bars [...] Read more.
In this study, the corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating (APSS) with a topcoat of zirconium-based conversion coating (ZrCC) and organofunctional silane coating (3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; GPTMS) on carbon steel are investigated in detail. Additionally, the bond strength of plain steel bars coated with this system in normal strength concrete are newly tested. The APSS coating exhibits significant porosity, with unfavourable open pores limiting the barrier protection effect. In contrast, the surface roughness (Ra) significantly increases, improving the bond strength between steel bars and concrete. Such increase in carbon steel roughness improves bond strength in concrete. The synergic application of ZrCC and GPTMS topcoats significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the base coat (inhibition effect). The character of the GPTMS coating increases the wettability of the APSS coating, which further positively contributes to bond strength between plain bars and concrete. It is demonstrated that when the ZrCC topcoat is applied without GPTMS, the corrosion resistance increases insignificantly and the surface wettability decreases, negatively affecting bond strength in comparison with carbon steel coated using an APSS base coat only. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings)
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13 pages, 4315 KiB  
Article
Degradation Effect of Moisture on Mechanical Properties of Kevlar/PVB Composites with TiO2 Nanoparticles
by Vera Obradović, Petr Sejkot, Adam Zabloudil, Klára V. Machalická and Miroslav Vokáč
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020409 - 2 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1136
Abstract
Kevlar fibers are widely used for industrial and military purposes due to their remarkable mechanical properties, such as their high tenacity and high strength-to-weight ratio. In this study, two-layered Kevlar composite specimens were impregnated with 10 wt.% poly (vinyl butyral)/ethanol solution which contained [...] Read more.
Kevlar fibers are widely used for industrial and military purposes due to their remarkable mechanical properties, such as their high tenacity and high strength-to-weight ratio. In this study, two-layered Kevlar composite specimens were impregnated with 10 wt.% poly (vinyl butyral)/ethanol solution which contained TiO2 nanoparticles as reinforcement. The concentrations of the nanoparticles were 1 wt.% or 2 wt.% with respect to the poly (vinyl butyral), PVB. The single-axial tensile test and three-point bending test of the Kevlar/PVB composites have been performed according to the ASTM D 3039 and ASTM D 790-03 standards, respectively. The tensile and bending properties of the dry and wet Kevlar/PVB composite specimens after a 56-day immersion are examined in this work. Upon the addition of the 2 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles, the tensile strength and modulus of the dry specimens without reinforcement were increased by 39.8% and 24.3%, respectively. All the submerged specimens’ tensile and flexural property values were lower than those of the dry specimens. After comparing the wet composite specimens to their dry counterparts, the percentage decrease in tensile strength was approximately 20%. The wet Kevlar/PVB specimens with no TiO2 reinforcement showed the greatest reduction in bending strength, 61.4% less than for the dry Kevlar/PVB specimens, due to the degradation of the PVB matrix. In addition, a numerical simulation of the three-point bending test was carried out in Abaqus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings)
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16 pages, 5681 KiB  
Article
Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams under the Combined Effect of Cyclic Loading and Carbonation
by Linxuan Zhu, Zhijun Zhou, Chaoran Chen and Kangchao Wang
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102403 - 22 Sep 2023
Viewed by 910
Abstract
To compare the deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete beams between the combined effect of cyclic loading and carbonation and the sum of both individual factors, an optimized test procedure was introduced in this study. The macroscopic and microscopic results showed that the decrease [...] Read more.
To compare the deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete beams between the combined effect of cyclic loading and carbonation and the sum of both individual factors, an optimized test procedure was introduced in this study. The macroscopic and microscopic results showed that the decrease in carbonation resistance of concrete could be attributed to the changes in pore structures and crack patterns introduced by cyclic loading. However, the carbonation process of flexural tensile concrete corresponding to different test procedures presented different trends. It indicated that the combined action of carbonation and fatigue damage was more serious than the damage caused by the effect of superposition. Finally, a theoretical carbonation model of concrete subjected to the combined damage was proposed and validated by comparing it with previous experimental results. The research findings are significant for improving the accuracy of evaluation of residual service life of reinforced concrete bridges and early warning of durability protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings)
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Review

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53 pages, 13665 KiB  
Review
Predicted Corrosion Performance of Organofunctional Silane Coated Steel Reinforcement for Concrete Structures: An Overview
by Petr Pokorný and Milan Kouřil
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061756 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 649
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential use of organofunctional silane coatings in the corrosion protection of concrete reinforcement in close relation to other commercially used coating technologies—i.e., epoxy coatings and bath hot-dip galvanizing coatings. The application technology of the steel [...] Read more.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential use of organofunctional silane coatings in the corrosion protection of concrete reinforcement in close relation to other commercially used coating technologies—i.e., epoxy coatings and bath hot-dip galvanizing coatings. The application technology of the steel surface is described in detail, and the corrosion performance and bond strength in concrete are compared. The paper also points out the possibility of improving the durability of epoxy coatings by the addition of silanes and, in the case of application to the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel, they can prevent corrosion of the coating by hydrogen evolution. The application potential of organofunctional silanes is also presented in the form of hydrophobic coatings on concrete surfaces or as corrosion inhibitors in simulated concrete pore solutions. The use of a suitable type of modified silane coating on the surface of carbon steel reinforcement can increase the corrosion performance and can also increase the bond strength in concrete. However, these facts need to be experimentally verified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Durability and Aging on Materials and Structures in Buildings)
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