Advances in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Research

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Causes, Screening and Diagnosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 6294

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: papillary thyroid cancer; prognosis; surgery; radioiodine therapy; suppression treatment; complications; HRQoL; BRAF; TERT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for more than 80% of all thyroid carcinomas, and patients face a good prognosis with a 10-year overall survival exceeding 90%. The incidence is increasing, but still considered low compared to other cancers; however, due to the excellent prognosis, the prevalence is relatively high. Curative treatment consists of thyroid surgery, total thyroidectomy or lobectomy in some cases, and radioactive iodine treatment when implied. After a thyroidectomy, patients are dependent on lifelong thyroid hormone supplementation. Because thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates cancer cells, patients usually receive levothyroxine in doses to suppress TSH. This induces a state of iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism, and a more aggressive suppression therapy reduces the risk of recurrence, but might give side-effects which could reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

These sometimes life-long treatments might influence a large number of patients negatively, and it is therefore of great importance not to overtreat patients. BRAF and TERT promoter mutations are common in thyroid cancer, and are often carried over from primary tumors to lymph node and distant metastases, and the co-occurrence of these two mutational events in PTC has been found to be intimately coupled to aggressive tumor features. It is also known that tumors exhibiting BRAF V600E or TERT promoter mutations are less likely to spawn iodine avid metastases, and these aberrations are strongly associated with poorer patient outcomes.

In this Special Issue we would like to discuss further how we can individualize treatment for PTC patients depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor, and from that decide which treatment will be most efficient. In addition, new treatment modalities focusing on PTC subgroups or approaches for small indolent cancers with a “watch and wait” approach will be of interest.

Dr. Catharina Ihre Lundgren
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • papillary thyroid cancer
  • prognosis
  • surgery
  • radioiodine therapy
  • suppression treatment
  • complications
  • HRQoL
  • BRAF
  • TERT

Published Papers (3 papers)

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14 pages, 1621 KiB  
Article
Area Dose–Response and Radiation Origin of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Fukushima Based on Thyroid Dose in UNSCEAR 2020/2021: High 131I Exposure Comparable to Chernobyl
by Toshiko Kato, Kosaku Yamada and Tadashi Hongyo
Cancers 2023, 15(18), 4583; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184583 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3695 | Correction
Abstract
The FMU and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) concluded that the high incidence of thyroid cancer after the Fukushima nuclear accident was not the result of radiation exposure, but rather might have been overdiagnosis based on [...] Read more.
The FMU and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) concluded that the high incidence of thyroid cancer after the Fukushima nuclear accident was not the result of radiation exposure, but rather might have been overdiagnosis based on the low thyroid dose estimated in the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report. In this study, the origin of increased PTC in Fukushima was examined based on the thyroid dose estimated by UNSCEAR. The dose–response relationship of the incidence rate per person-years (PY) was analyzed for four areas in Fukushima prefecture via regression analysis. The linear response of the annual incidence rates to thyroid dose in the first six years showed that the dominant origin of childhood thyroid cancer was radiation exposure. Excess absolute risk (EAR) proportionally increased with thyroid dose, with an EAR/104 PY Gy of 143 (95%CI: 122, 165) in the second TUE (p < 0.001), which is approximately 50–100 times higher than the EAR/104 PY Gy ≒ 2.3 observed after the Chernobyl accident. This suggests an underestimation of the thyroid dose by UNSCEAR of approximately 1/50~1/100 compared with the thyroid dose for Chernobyl. The increased childhood thyroid cancer in Fukushima was found to arise from radioactive iodine exposure, which was comparable to that in Chernobyl. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Research)
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13 pages, 1878 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Oxidative Status and Radioiodine Treatment Qualification among Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients
by Angelika Buczyńska, Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Maria Kościuszko, Agnieszka Adamska, Katarzyna Siewko, Janusz Dzięcioł, Piotr Szumowski, Janusz Myśliwiec, Anna Popławska-Kita and Adam Jacek Krętowski
Cancers 2023, 15(9), 2436; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092436 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor protein 53 (p53), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) play crucial roles in oxidative homeostasis and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), as previously demonstrated [...] Read more.
Total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor protein 53 (p53), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) play crucial roles in oxidative homeostasis and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), as previously demonstrated in the literature. Therefore, profiling these markers among PTC patients may be useful in determining their eligibility for radioiodine (RAI) treatment. Since treatment indications are based on multiple and dynamic recommendations, additional criteria for adjuvant RAI therapy are still needed. In our study, we evaluated the TOS, TAC, and serum concentrations of p53, NF-κB, FOXO, and SIRT1 to analyze the relationship between oxidative status and qualification for RAI treatment. For the purpose of this study, we enrolled 60 patients with PTC allocated for RAI treatment as the study group and 25 very low-risk PTC patients not allocated for RAI treatment as a reference group. The serum TOS and SIRT1 concentrations were significantly higher in the study group compared to the reference group (both p < 0.001), whereas the TAC and p53, NK-κB, and FOXO concentrations were significantly lower (all p < 0.05). We also demonstrated the diagnostic utility of TAC (AUC = 0.987), FOXO (AUC = 0.648), TOS (AUC = 0.664), SIRT1 (AUC = 0.709), p53 (AUC = 0.664), and NF-κB (AUC = 0.651) measurements as indications for RAI treatment based on American Thyroid Association recommendations. Our study revealed that oxidative status-related markers may become additional criteria for RAI treatment in PTC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Research)
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1 pages, 164 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Kato et al. Area Dose–Response and Radiation Origin of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Fukushima Based on Thyroid Dose in UNSCEAR 2020/2021: High 131I Exposure Comparable to Chernobyl. Cancers 2023, 15, 4583
by Toshiko Kato, Kosaku Yamada and Tadashi Hongyo
Cancers 2023, 15(24), 5802; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15245802 - 11 Dec 2023
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Abstract
The authors wish to revise two points in Sections 3 [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Research)
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