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Cancers
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Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer
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Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Causes, Screening and Diagnosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 21514

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lang Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Interests: cancer epidemiology; genetic epidemiology; molecular epidemiology; multi-omics data analysis; risk prediction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are critical needs to identify and validate novel biomarkers for risk and prognosis of different cancers aiming to reduce public health burden of human malignancies. Biomarkers can be at different layers, for example, genetic variants, genes, CpG sites, proteins, metabolites, glycans, micro-RNAs, etc., using body fluids such as blood or other tissues. With the development of high-throughput technologies, it is now possible to screen the human genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, glycome, etc. in an agnostic way to identify novel biomarker candidates for cancers. There are also emerging new strategies integrating genomics and other types of -omics data in uncovering novel biomarker candidates. It is also an attractive area of using newly identified biomarkers for risk and prognosis prediction of human malignancies.

In this Special Issue, we will publish original research and review articles that provide new insights into the role of different layers of biomarkers for risk and prognosis of different malignancies.

Dr. Lang Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • risk
  • prognosis
  • prediction

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

16 pages, 4334 KiB  
Article
HLA Class II Histocompatibility Antigen γ Chain (CD74) Expression Is Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration and Favorable Outcome in Breast Cancer
by Julie B. Noer, Maj-Lis M. Talman and José M. A. Moreira
Cancers 2021, 13(24), 6179; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246179 - 8 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3058
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, defined as negative for ER, PgR, and HER2, is biologically more aggressive and with a poorer prognosis than the other subtypes, in part due to the lack of suitable targeted therapies. Consequently, identification of any potential novel [...] Read more.
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, defined as negative for ER, PgR, and HER2, is biologically more aggressive and with a poorer prognosis than the other subtypes, in part due to the lack of suitable targeted therapies. Consequently, identification of any potential novel therapeutic option, predictive and/or prognostic biomarker, or any other relevant information that may impact the clinical management of this group of patients is valuable. The HLA class II histocompatibility antigen γ chain, or cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74), has been associated with TNBCs, and poorer survival. However, discordant results have been reported for immunohistochemical studies of CD74 expression in breast cancer. Here we report validation studies for use of a novel CD74 antibody, UMAb231. We used this antibody to stain a TMA including 640 human breast cancer samples, and found no association with the TNBC subtype, but did find a positive correlation with outcome. We also found associations between CD74 expression and immune cell infiltration, and expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Given that CD74 may play a role in innate immune system responses and the potential of immunotherapy as a viable treatment strategy for TNBCs, CD74 expression may have predictive value for immune checkpoint therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
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14 pages, 5317 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Factor Utility of BAP1 Immunohistochemistry in Uveal Melanoma: A Single Center Study in Spain
by Laura Tabuenca Del Barrio, Luiz Miguel Nova-Camacho, Alicia Zubicoa Enériz, Iñigo Martínez de Espronceda Ezquerro, Alicia Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Enrique Borque Rodríguez-Maimón and Alfredo García-Layana
Cancers 2021, 13(21), 5347; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215347 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1888
Abstract
Even today, the mortality rate for uveal melanoma (UM) remains very high. In our research, we sought to determine which pathological and clinical features were correlated with the prognosis of UM. BAP1 (BRCA1-Associated Protein 1) gene mutation has been analyzed as one of [...] Read more.
Even today, the mortality rate for uveal melanoma (UM) remains very high. In our research, we sought to determine which pathological and clinical features were correlated with the prognosis of UM. BAP1 (BRCA1-Associated Protein 1) gene mutation has been analyzed as one of the strongest predictors for metastasis in UM. The BAP1 gene codifies the BAP1 protein which has a tumor suppressor function. The presence of this protein can be determined by BAP1 immunohistochemical staining. Eighty-four uveal melanoma patients and forty enucleated eyeballs were examined. Metastasis was present in 24 patients. Nuclear BAP1 staining was low in 23 patients. The presence of a higher large basal diameter tumor (p < 0.001), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p = 0.020), and a lack of nuclear BAP1 immunostaining (p = 0.001) ocurred significantly more often in the metastatic group. Metastasis-free survival was lower in patients with low nuclear BAP1 staining (p = 0.003). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that BAP1 staining has been studied in uveal melanoma in a Spanish community. We believe that this technique should become routine in the pathological examination of uveal melanoma in order to allow adequate classification of patients and to establish an individual follow-up plan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
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11 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
Associations between Genetically Predicted Circulating Protein Concentrations and Endometrial Cancer Risk
by Jingjing Zhu, Tracy A. O’Mara, Duo Liu, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Dylan Glubb, Amanda B. Spurdle, Peter A. Fasching, Diether Lambrechts, Daniel Buchanan, Pik Fang Kho, Linda S. Cook, Christine Friedenreich, James V. Lacey, Chu Chen, Nicolas Wentzensen, Immaculata De Vivo, Yan Sun, Jirong Long, Mengmeng Du, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Lang Wu and Herbert Yuadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2021, 13(9), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092088 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2834
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading female reproductive tract malignancy in developed countries. Currently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 17 risk loci for EC. To identify novel EC-associated proteins, we used previously reported protein quantitative trait loci for 1434 plasma proteins as [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading female reproductive tract malignancy in developed countries. Currently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 17 risk loci for EC. To identify novel EC-associated proteins, we used previously reported protein quantitative trait loci for 1434 plasma proteins as instruments to evaluate associations between genetically predicted circulating protein concentrations and EC risk. We studied 12,906 cases and 108,979 controls of European descent included in the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium, the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observed associations between genetically predicted concentrations of nine proteins and EC risk at a false discovery rate of <0.05 (p-values range from 1.14 × 10−10 to 3.04 × 10−4). Except for vascular cell adhesion protein 1, all other identified proteins were independent from known EC risk variants identified in EC GWAS. The respective odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted circulating protein concentrations were 1.21 (1.13, 1.30) for DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4, 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) for desmoglein-2, 1.14 (1.07, 1.22) for MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B, 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) for histo-blood group ABO system transferase, 0.77 (0.68, 0.89) for intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase, 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15, 1.07 (1.03, 1.11) for D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase, and 1.07 (1.03, 1.10) for CD209 antigen. In conclusion, we identified nine potential EC-associated proteins. If validated by additional studies, our findings may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of endometrial tumor development and identifying women at high risk of EC along with other EC risk factors and biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
13 pages, 6880 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning Based Analysis of Human Serum N-glycome Alterations to Follow up Lung Tumor Surgery
by Brigitta Mészáros, Gábor Járvás, Renáta Kun, Miklós Szabó, Eszter Csánky, János Abonyi and András Guttman
Cancers 2020, 12(12), 3700; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123700 - 9 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
The human serum N-glycome is a valuable source of biomarkers for malignant diseases, already utilized in multiple studies. In this paper, the N-glycosylation changes in human serum proteins were analyzed after surgical lung tumor resection. Seventeen lung cancer patients were involved [...] Read more.
The human serum N-glycome is a valuable source of biomarkers for malignant diseases, already utilized in multiple studies. In this paper, the N-glycosylation changes in human serum proteins were analyzed after surgical lung tumor resection. Seventeen lung cancer patients were involved in this study and the N-glycosylation pattern of their serum samples was analyzed before and after the surgery using capillary electrophoresis separation with laser-induced fluorescent detection. The relative peak areas of 21 N-glycans were evaluated from the acquired electropherograms using machine learning-based data analysis. Individual glycans as well as their subclasses were taken into account during the course of evaluation. For the data analysis, both discrete (e.g., smoker or not) and continuous (e.g., age of the patient) clinical parameters were compared against the alterations in these 21 N-linked carbohydrate structures. The classification tree analysis resulted in a panel of N-glycans, which could be used to follow up on the effects of lung tumor surgical resection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
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Review

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21 pages, 1830 KiB  
Review
Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
by Chia-Jung Li, Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng, Yi-Han Chiu, Hung-Yu Lin, Ming-Feng Hou and Pei-Yi Chu
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2978; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122978 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 7817
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has [...] Read more.
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
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Other

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21 pages, 887 KiB  
Systematic Review
Biomarker in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Cécile Manceau, Gaëlle Fromont, Jean-Baptiste Beauval, Eric Barret, Laurent Brureau, Gilles Créhange, Charles Dariane, Gaëlle Fiard, Mathieu Gauthé, Romain Mathieu, Raphaële Renard-Penna, Guilhem Roubaud, Alain Ruffion, Paul Sargos, Morgan Rouprêt, Guillaume Ploussard and on behalf of the CC-AFU, Cancerology Committee of the Association Française d’Urologie
Cancers 2021, 13(17), 4251; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174251 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3117
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) in prostate cancer (PCa) represents a curative alternative for men with localised low-risk PCa. Continuous improvement of AS patient’s selection and surveillance modalities aims at reducing misclassification, simplifying modalities of surveillance and decreasing need for invasive procedures such repeated biopsies. [...] Read more.
Active surveillance (AS) in prostate cancer (PCa) represents a curative alternative for men with localised low-risk PCa. Continuous improvement of AS patient’s selection and surveillance modalities aims at reducing misclassification, simplifying modalities of surveillance and decreasing need for invasive procedures such repeated biopsies. Biomarkers represent interesting tools to evaluate PCa diagnosis and prognosis, of which many are readily available or under evaluation. The aim of this review is to investigate the biomarker performance for AS selection and patient outcome prediction. Blood, urinary and tissue biomarkers were studied and a brief description of use was proposed along with a summary of major findings. Biomarkers represent promising tools which could be part of a more tailored risk AS strategy aiming to offer personalized medicine and to individualize the treatment and monitoring of each patient. The usefulness of biomarkers has mainly been suggested for AS selection, whereas few studies have investigated their role during the monitoring phase. Randomized prospective studies dealing with imaging are needed as well as larger prospective studies with long-term follow-up and strong oncologic endpoints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers for Risk and Prognosis of Cancer)
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