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Advances and Challenges in Organ Decellularization and Recellularization

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 January 2025 | Viewed by 1377

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
Interests: tissue engineering; disease modeling; aging; iPSCs; interorgan communication; tissue/organ decellularization and recellularization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transplantation is the only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure, improving their long-term survival. However, alternative treatment options are needed due to disadvantages such as organ scarcity. In recent years, whole organ decellularization and recellularization techniques have attracted increasing attention.

Decellularization is the process by which cells are expelled from tissues or organs, and through decellularization, these organs can be used as scaffolds for the development of new functional organs. For recellularization, these biological scaffolds are subsequently repopulated with patient-sourced specific cells, resulting in the construction of a functional new organ that eliminates the risk of immune rejection.

Currently, decellularization and recellularization techniques have made substantial progress in the field of organ bioengineering. However, there is still room for progress in a range of issues such as decellularized scaffold selection, successful endothelialization, and the overall functional maturity of engineered tissues and organs. In this Special Issue, we focus on the actual state of organ decellularization and recellularization, as well as problems and future challenges.

We invite experts to share their valuable insights, new data, or comprehensive systematic evaluations in this emerging and critical field.

Dr. Aylin Acun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • organ engineering
  • decellularization
  • recellularization
  • endothelialization
  • extracellular matrix
  • regenerative medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 6398 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Decellularization Methods for the Production of Decellularized Umbilical Cord Matrix
by Yang Li, Yang Zhang and Guifeng Zhang
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(7), 7686-7701; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46070455 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
The importance of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a natural biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is rapidly growing. The core objective of the decellularization process is to eliminate cellular components while maximizing the preservation of the ECM’s primary structure and components. [...] Read more.
The importance of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a natural biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is rapidly growing. The core objective of the decellularization process is to eliminate cellular components while maximizing the preservation of the ECM’s primary structure and components. Establishing a rapid, effective, and minimally destructive decellularization technique is essential for obtaining high-quality dECM to construct regenerative organs. This study focused on human umbilical cord tissue, designing different reagent combinations for decellularization protocols while maintaining a consistent processing time. The impact of these protocols on the decellularization efficiency of human umbilical cord tissue was evaluated. The results suggested that the composite decellularization strategy utilizing trypsin/EDTA + Triton X-100 + sodium deoxycholate was the optimal approach in this study for preparing decellularized human umbilical cord dECM. After 5 h of decellularization treatment, most cellular components were eliminated, confirmed through dsDNA quantitative detection, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and DAPI staining. Meanwhile, Masson staining, periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and immunofluorescent tissue section staining results revealed that the decellularized scaffold retained extracellular matrix components, including collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Compared to native umbilical cord tissue, electron microscopy results demonstrated that the microstructure of the extracellular matrix was well preserved after decellularization. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) findings indicated that the decellularization process successfully retained the main functional group structures of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The quantitative analysis of collagen, elastin, and GAG content validated the advantages of this decellularization process in preserving and purifying ECM components. Additionally, it was confirmed that this decellularized matrix exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro. This study achieved short-term decellularization preparation for umbilical cord tissue through a combined decellularization strategy. Full article
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