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Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials
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Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 32570

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Shinn-Jyh Ding

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Guest Editor
Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
Interests: surface biofunctionalization; implant materials; antibacterial coating; bone graft substitute
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past few decades, much effort has been devoted to developing surgical implant materials such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) for load-bearing prosthetics, due to their superior mechanical properties. However, these implant materials do not integrate with bones, which are encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue that prevents the proper distribution of stress and causes loosening of the implant. Therefore, the implant surface is always designed to produce osseointegration—i.e., the direct structural and functional connection between the living bone and implant surface—but this feature may also induce bacterial adhesion and colonization. Biomaterial-associated infections are a serious clinical complication that often results in failure of the implant material.

To achieve clinical success, the design and development of new composite implants or coating implants with enhanced osteogenesis and reduced bacterial adhesion for achieving clinical success have attracted great interest. However, synergistically maximizing bactericidal efficacy and promoting osteogenic activity on the surface of implant materials remains a challenge. To this end, this Special Issue will focus on emerging concepts related to the preparation, characterization, and performance of implant materials. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we cordially invite review articles and research papers that introduce the surface functionalization development of implant biomaterials or the design of novel composite implants whose unique characteristics can be exploited for clinical use.

In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Surface functionalization
  • Surface characterization
  • Surface treatment/modification
  • Bonding of biomaterial to load-bearing substrate
  • Biocoating on titanium/zirconia/PEEK substrate
  • Antibacterial coatings
  • New bone implants with osteogenic and antibacterial activity

Prof. Dr. Shinn-Jyh Ding
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofunctionalization
  • implant materials
  • osteogenic coating
  • antibacterial coating

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4187 KiB  
Article
Bio-Inspired Proanthocyanidins from Blueberries’ Surface Coating Prevents Red Blood Cell Agglutination on Urinary Silicon-Based Catheters
by Viviana Orozco-Fernández, Sofía Gómez-Solano, Jennifer Calderón, José Vega Baudrit, Klaus Rischka and Yendry Corrales-Ureña
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020172 - 29 Jan 2022
Viewed by 3415
Abstract
Thrombosis can cause the occlusion of implantable medical devices, leading to the rejection of the device and subsequent mortality. Thrombosis is primarily induced by red blood aggregation and coagulation. The administration of anticoagulant drugs is generally used as a treatment to avoid these [...] Read more.
Thrombosis can cause the occlusion of implantable medical devices, leading to the rejection of the device and subsequent mortality. Thrombosis is primarily induced by red blood aggregation and coagulation. The administration of anticoagulant drugs is generally used as a treatment to avoid these processes. Adverse effects such as bleeding in the event of an anticoagulant overdose, osteoporosis associated with prolonged use, hypersensitivity, and hives have been reported. New strategies such as biomolecule surface functionalization have recently been studied to overcome these problems. In this study, we report a novel coating composed of polydopamine (PDA) and proanthocyanidins (PACs) from blueberry extract to avoid red blood aggregation in short-term use medical devices such as silicone catheters. We showed that PDA formed stable films on silicone surfaces and PACs could be immobilized on PDA layers using laccase as a catalyst. The PDA–PACs films decreased surface hydrophilicity, increased surface roughness, and decreased plasma protein adsorption. The films were stable in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and cell culture media. Furthermore, red blood cell adsorption and aggregation decreased. These effects are attributed to changes in the membrane fluidity that influences adhesion, the steric hindrance of the layers, and the low adsorption of plasma proteins on the PAC layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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12 pages, 6095 KiB  
Article
Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic Veneers to Zirconia–Calcium Silicate Cores
by Ting-Yi Chiang, Chun-Chuan Yang, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Min Yan and Shinn-Jyh Ding
Coatings 2021, 11(11), 1326; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111326 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1630
Abstract
Improving the bond strength of veneering ceramics to ZrO2-based cores remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of different ZrO2 cores containing calcium silicate (CaSi) to veneering ceramics. Five types of ZrO [...] Read more.
Improving the bond strength of veneering ceramics to ZrO2-based cores remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of different ZrO2 cores containing calcium silicate (CaSi) to veneering ceramics. Five types of ZrO2-based cores (n = 230) were divided into two groups: with or without oxygen plasma treatment. These were bound to two veneering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram or VITA VM9). Shear bond strength of veneering ceramics to various cores was measured (n = 10), in addition to phase composition, surface morphology and contact angle of the cores. The results indicated that the plasma treatment had a significant effect on the water contact angle of the ZrO2-based cores, but had little effect on the bond strength. Regardless of plasma treatment, the highest strength value was recorded in the ZrO2 core specimen containing 20 wt % CaSi, when all cores were adhered to VITA VM 9 veneer. When using IPS e.max Ceram veneer, the shear bond strength of the plasma-treated 20 wt % CaSi-containing ZrO2 core was 16.6 ± 0.9 MPa higher than that of VITA In-Ceram YZ core control (13.4 ± 1.0 MPa) (p < 0.05). We conclude that the presence of 20 wt % CaSi in ZrO2 can improve the shear bond strength of zirconia-based cores to veneering ceramic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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7 pages, 975 KiB  
Article
The Difference of Marginal Bone Preservation between Dental Implants with Non-Threaded or Micro-Threaded Collar Designs
by Mazen Almasri
Coatings 2021, 11(10), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101232 - 11 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1553
Abstract
This study analyzes the marginal bone loss (MBL) among dental implants characterized with non-threaded collar design (NT) when compared to the more classic micro-threaded collar design (MC) as such might reflect the future dentogengival esthetics, implant metal show, and mucositis. A total of [...] Read more.
This study analyzes the marginal bone loss (MBL) among dental implants characterized with non-threaded collar design (NT) when compared to the more classic micro-threaded collar design (MC) as such might reflect the future dentogengival esthetics, implant metal show, and mucositis. A total of 112 patients who received 311 implants have been included in the study and analyzed for their postoperative MBL using sequential periapical radiographs. The prevalence of postoperative peri-implant mucositis was recorded as well. The periapical radiographic comparison was performed between the immediate postoperative record and at the 24-month recall visit. Among the 311 implants, 124 (39.9%) had NT implants, and 187 (60.1%) had MC implants. Out of the 112 patients, 37 (44.6%) were females, and 10 (34.5%) were males included in the NT group. In contrast, 46 (55.4%) females and 19 (65.5%) males were in the MC group. The mean age among the two groups was 41.43 ± 15.900 and 46.68 ± 16.070, respectively. In contrast, the mean MBL among the groups were 0.544 ± 0.7129 and 0.061 ± 0.2648, respectively. The change in MBL was not positively correlated with gender (p-value = 0.154) or age (p-value = 0.115) in both groups. However, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.001, X2 = 62.796, Df = 4) of MBL between the two implant systems themselves. The MBL was higher in people implanted with the NT system when compared to MC. Therefore, the MC implant system can be a better choice for marginal bone preservation, especially in restoring esthetically demanding areas in the mouth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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11 pages, 4300 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Chemical Composition in Different Dental Implant Types: An Analysis through EDX System
by Fernando José Dias, Ramón Fuentes, Pablo Navarro, Benjamin Weber and Eduardo Borie
Coatings 2020, 10(9), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090882 - 14 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4221
Abstract
The use of dental implants has been increasing in the last years; however, their chemical composition is an important issue due to the fact that the implant surface may suffer a corrosion process, allowing the possibility of ions being released and resulting in [...] Read more.
The use of dental implants has been increasing in the last years; however, their chemical composition is an important issue due to the fact that the implant surface may suffer a corrosion process, allowing the possibility of ions being released and resulting in a possible biological response. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological analysis of the surface and chemical composition of different implant types through an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) system. Eight dental implant models from different manufacturers were analyzed using variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) and EDX. The chemical composition and general characteristics of the structural morphology in different dental implant surfaces were analyzed randomly. Nitrogen was identified in two samples, while zirconium was observed in only one model. Aluminium was identified in five samples ranging between 4% and 11% of its composition. Regarding the morphological characteristics, two samples from the same manufacturer had the most irregular surface designed to increase the contact surface, while the others revealed their surfaces with roughness at the micrometric level with no major irregularities. In conclusion, despite the morphology of implants being similar in most of the analyzed samples, more than 50% of them, which are brands of implants available on the market, showed aluminium on the implant surface. Finally, STR (Bone level, Roxolid), DENT (Superline) and NEO (Helix GM) could be considered, among the analyzed samples, the safest implants from the point of view that no aluminium was detected in their chemical composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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13 pages, 5629 KiB  
Article
Oxygen Plasma Improved Shear Strength of Bonding between Zirconia and Composite Resin
by Min Yan, Chun-Chuan Yang, Yi-Hsuan Chen and Shinn-Jyh Ding
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070635 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
Improving the strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins remains a challenge in dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins, thereby verifying the hypothesis that as the [...] Read more.
Improving the strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins remains a challenge in dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear strength of the bonding of zirconia to composite resins, thereby verifying the hypothesis that as the power of the non-thermal oxygen plasma increases, the bonding strength of the plasma-treated zirconia is increased. The effects of the oxygen plasma power (100, 200, and 400 W) on the surface structure, chemical composition, and hydrophilicity of the zirconia and the strength of the bonding between zirconia and composite resin were investigated. As a result, after different plasma power treatments, the surface structure and phase composition of zirconia were not different from those of zirconia without treatment. However, the oxygen plasma treatment not only reduced carbon adsorption but also greatly increased the hydrophilicity of the zirconia surface. More importantly, the strength of the bonding between the plasma-treated zirconia and composite resin was significantly higher than that in the corresponding control group without plasma treatment. Regardless of whether the zirconia was pristine or sandblasted, the higher the plasma power, the greater the bond strength obtained. The conclusion is that the oxygen plasma treatment of zirconia can effectively improve the strength of the bonding between the zirconia and composite resin without damaging the microstructure and phase composition of the zirconia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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Review

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10 pages, 435 KiB  
Review
Clinical Application and Biological Functionalization of Different Surface Coatings in Artificial Joint Prosthesis: A Comprehensive Research Review
by Xu Yang, Fuqiang Gao, Wei Sun and Zirong Li
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020117 - 21 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2805
Abstract
With advances in materials science and biology, there have been continuing innovations in the field of artificial joint prostheses. Cementless prostheses have the advantages of long service life, easy revision, and good initial stability and are widely used in artificial joint replacement. Coatings [...] Read more.
With advances in materials science and biology, there have been continuing innovations in the field of artificial joint prostheses. Cementless prostheses have the advantages of long service life, easy revision, and good initial stability and are widely used in artificial joint replacement. Coatings are the key to cementless prostheses and are at the heart of their excellent functionality. This article mainly studies the clinical application of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, standard porous coating represented by Porocoat coating, and new high-porosity coating represented by Gription coating. The clinical application and biological functionalization of different artificial joint prosthesis surface coatings are clarified, and it provides a reference for the clinical selection and development of different prosthesis surface coating materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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31 pages, 3454 KiB  
Review
Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Coating Materials for Orthopedic Implants: A Review
by Gang Tan, Jing Xu, Walter Munesu Chirume, Jieyu Zhang, Hui Zhang and Xuefeng Hu
Coatings 2021, 11(11), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111401 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4388
Abstract
Orthopedic implant failure is the most common complication of orthopedic surgery, causing serious trauma and resulting in a tremendous economic burden for patients. There are many reasons for implant failure, among which peri-implant infection (or implant-related infection) and aseptic loosening are the most [...] Read more.
Orthopedic implant failure is the most common complication of orthopedic surgery, causing serious trauma and resulting in a tremendous economic burden for patients. There are many reasons for implant failure, among which peri-implant infection (or implant-related infection) and aseptic loosening are the most important. At present, orthopedic doctors have many methods to treat these complications, such as revision surgery, which have shown good results. However, if peri-implant infection can be prevented, this will bring about significant social benefits. Many studies have focused on adding antibacterial substances to the implant coating, and with a deeper understanding of the mechanism of implant failure, adding such substances by different modification methods has become a research hot spot. This review aims to summarize the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory substances that can be used as coating materials in orthopedic implants and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of implant failure caused by implant-related infection and excessive inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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25 pages, 3886 KiB  
Review
Surface Modified Techniques and Emerging Functional Coating of Dental Implants
by Heng Dong, Hui Liu, Na Zhou, Qiang Li, Guangwen Yang, Li Chen and Yongbin Mou
Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111012 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 11026
Abstract
Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration, but there are still problems leading to implant failures in clinical application, such as failed osseointegration, marginal bone resorption, and peri-implantitis, which restrict the success rate of dental implants and patient satisfaction. [...] Read more.
Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration, but there are still problems leading to implant failures in clinical application, such as failed osseointegration, marginal bone resorption, and peri-implantitis, which restrict the success rate of dental implants and patient satisfaction. Poor osseointegration and bacterial infection are the most essential reasons resulting in implant failure. To improve the clinical outcomes of implants, many scholars devoted to modifying the surface of implants, especially to preparing different physical and chemical modifications to improve the osseointegration between alveolar bone and implant surface. Besides, the bioactive-coatings to promote the adhesion and colonization of ossteointegration-related proteins and cells also aim to improve the osseointegration. Meanwhile, improving the anti-bacterial performance of the implant surface can obstruct the adhesion and activity of bacteria, avoiding the occurrence of inflammation related to implants. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates and summarizes the modifying or coating methods of implant surfaces, and analyzes the ossteointegration ability and anti-bacterial characteristics of emerging functional coatings in published references. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Functionalization of Implant Materials)
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