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8 pages, 1530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Occlusal Contacts upon the Cementation of Zirconia Crowns with Different Cement Spacers

by Yujun Wang, Philip Millstein, Korina Yun-Fan Lu, Jason D. Lee and Sang J. Lee

Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120377 - 22 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Occlusion plays a crucial role in the long-term success and functionality of dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal contacts upon the cementation of zirconia crowns with different cement spacer settings in computer-aided design [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Occlusion plays a crucial role in the long-term success and functionality of dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal contacts upon the cementation of zirconia crowns with different cement spacer settings in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) software (3Shape Dental System version 2.102.1.0). Methods: A master model of a prepared abutment for a crown on the right maxillary first molar was scanned, and 30 sets of sample casts and zirconia crowns were fabricated with varying cement spaces (70 μm and 120 μm). These casts were mounted in maximal intercuspation (MIP) on a semi-adjustable articulator. Pre-cementation adjustments were made to fit the crowns and maintain the existing occlusion. Occlusal records were taken before and after cementation using polyvinyl siloxane impression material. These records were analyzed using a DC light box and image analyzer to measure changes in contact area, intensity, and patterns. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-cementation occlusal contact areas of each sample (α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences in occlusal contact areas were found between pre- and post-cementation in both groups (p < 0.001). The mean post-cementation contact surface area for the 70 μm group was 6281 ± 3310 μm², compared to 2339 ± 1206 μm² before cementation. For the 120 μm group, the post-cementation area was 5545 ± 3491 μm², compared to 2071 ± 909 μm² before cementation. An increase in contact intensity was also observed after cementation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cementation increases occlusal contact surface area and intensity in both cement space groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 1751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Lower Third Molar Surgery: Using The Piezoelectric Technique for Superior Postoperative Outcomes and Complication Prevention

by Stefania Cantore, Fábio França Vieira e Silva, Maria Eleonora Bizzoca, Annafrancesca Smimmo, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Gisela Cristina Vianna Camolesi, Mario Pérez-Sayáns and Andrea Ballini

Dent. J. 2024, 12(11), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12110353 - 1 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery and common postoperative complications are widely reported in the literature. Therefore, this prospective split-mouth study aims to compare the postoperative sequelae of piezoelectric surgery versus conventional surgery [...] Read more.

Background: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery and common postoperative complications are widely reported in the literature. Therefore, this prospective split-mouth study aims to compare the postoperative sequelae of piezoelectric surgery versus conventional surgery of the lower third molar, focusing on pain and swelling. Methodology: In total, 41 patients were treated under local anesthesia and surgical removal on one side of their mouth was performed using conventional rotary surgery (micromotor) while the other side’s was by piezosurgery, with an interval of 15 days from the previous procedure (82 extraction sites); in addition, pain and swelling analyses were conducted. Results: The pain analysis demonstrated a median of one day of pain in patients treated with piezoelectric surgery compared to two days with conventional surgery (p < 0.001). The probability of not feeling pain was greater in sites treated with experimental surgery on the first and second days (p < 0.001). The swelling was worse in places treated with the conventional method, with the most significant difference being the distance between the angle of the mandible and the upper lip vermilion on both days and the more subtle difference between the angle of the mandible and the anterior nasal spine on the seventh day. Conclusions: When a piezosurgical unit is used, according to the literature, is well known that it takes more time to perform the surgical extraction of third molars. Despite that, our results show that it causes less pain postoperatively, with faster improvement and a quicker reduction in swelling compared to conventional surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Novel Ergonomic Sheath on Dental Device-Related Muscle Work, Fatigue and Comfort—A Pilot Clinical Study

by Steven Dang, Cherie Wink, Susan Meishan Yang, Kairong Lin, Thair Takesh, Ali A. Habib and Petra Wilder-Smith

Dent. J. 2024, 12(9), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12090296 - 21 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Background: Dental instrumentation with hand-held devices is associated with discomfort, fatigue and musculoskeletal diseases or repetitive stress injuries. The goal of this in vivo study was to determine the effect of an ergonomic handle sheath on muscle work, comfort and fatigue associated with [...] Read more.

Background: Dental instrumentation with hand-held devices is associated with discomfort, fatigue and musculoskeletal diseases or repetitive stress injuries. The goal of this in vivo study was to determine the effect of an ergonomic handle sheath on muscle work, comfort and fatigue associated with (a) piezoelectric scaling by hygienists with and without musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and (b) dental cavity preparation by healthy dentists using a dental micromotor. Materials and Methods: Two groups of ten hygienists each tested the piezoelectric scaler. Hygienists in Group 1 had no MSDs, while those in Group 2 had been diagnosed with MSDs. Additionally, ten dentists with no MSDs used a dental micromotor to prepare four standardized cavities. Time-based work in four muscles, comfort and fatigue were recorded in the presence and absence of an add-on soft, insulating handle sheath. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance model with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: Comfort, fatigue and muscle work were significantly better for both devices when the sheath was used. While hygienists with MSDs used more muscle work to complete the set scaling task, and the sheath-related reduction in work was somewhat greater, these MSD-related differences did not quite reach significance. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study show that the ergonomic performance of an ultrasonic scaler and a dental micromotor may be improved by the use of an ergonomic handle sheath. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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15 pages, 878 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Qualitative Analysis of Student Reflections on Preclinical Dental Implant Education

by Hassan Ziada, Michael Webberson, Rassilee Sharma and Neamat Hassan Abubakr

Dent. J. 2024, 12(9), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12090293 - 13 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Dental implant education is required to prepare students for independent general practice. This investigation aimed to assess students’ perceptions of their educational experience and training in a preclinical dental implant introduction course, using reflective logs anonymously extracted from course portfolios. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Dental implant education is required to prepare students for independent general practice. This investigation aimed to assess students’ perceptions of their educational experience and training in a preclinical dental implant introduction course, using reflective logs anonymously extracted from course portfolios. Methods: This study employed qualitative research methodology to analyze second-year dental students’ reflections on their educational and development of psychomotor skills in a preclinical course focusing on dental implants at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. These reflections served as the primary data source for qualitative analysis. The analysis was facilitated using NVivo software version 12 plus, which assisted in data coding and the organization of these codes into meaningful units, patterns, and themes. Results: Four themes emerged, which interrelated to each other and to the research question. Students reported positive course outcomes in dental implant learning, improvements in applying theoretical implant knowledge while developing practical skills, digitally scanning implant cases for the final restoration, and enhancement of their insight in evidence-based restoratively driven implant planning. They generally found the hands-on experience to have improved their understanding of the dental implant as an option for restoration. Although there were challenges, students viewed these as learning opportunities. For us, as educators, it provided invaluable feedback to understand students’ perceptions of difficulties in knowledge acquisition and psychomotor skill development in placing and restoring dental implants. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, students expressed a positive perception of their learning experience in the introductory course on dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 2851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Enablers of and Barriers to Serious Game as Oral Histology Learning Strategy for Undergraduate Dental Students

by Lisa R. Amir, Salsabila N. Dewatmoko, Irene C. Leonardy, Rezon Yanuar, Dewi F. Suniarti, Erik Idrus, Kawin Sipiyaruk, Ria Puspitawati and Yuniardini Wimardhani

Dent. J. 2024, 12(9), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12090280 - 31 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Previously, we reported the serious game HistoRM as an innovative learning approach for an oral histology course. This study aimed to examine the impact of HistoRM on summative assessment and the enablers and barriers factors affecting HistoRM as an interactive learning strategy in [...] Read more.

Previously, we reported the serious game HistoRM as an innovative learning approach for an oral histology course. This study aimed to examine the impact of HistoRM on summative assessment and the enablers and barriers factors affecting HistoRM as an interactive learning strategy in an oral histology course. A crossover randomized controlled trial was performed. Study participants were first-year dental students at the Universitas Indonesia. The average final grades of students who participated in HistoRM serious game were significantly higher than those of students who did not participate in this trial (p < 0.001). Positive responses of HistoRM were observed in the learning content, games and learning experience domains. The enabler factors most recognized by the students were the game method, which helped students to understand the learning materials; the immediate feedback provided following each gameplay; as well as the fun and interesting gameplay. The barrier factors most recognized by the students were some challenges of the gameplay, which resulted in a longer time needed to study. While the HistoRM serious game can stimulate student motivation and engagement in learning oral histology, overcoming the barriers is essential for the implementation of serious games as a complementary learning approach in the dental curriculum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Bleeding Management Following Tooth Extractions—A Prospective Cohort Study

by Rossana Izzetti, Chiara Cinquini, Marco Nisi, Marco Mattiozzi, Monica Marotta and Antonio Barone

Dent. J. 2024, 12(9), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12090279 - 30 Aug 2024

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of intra-, peri-, and post-operative bleeding following tooth extractions in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Consecutive patients requiring at least one dental extraction were enrolled. The DOAC regimen was either [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of intra-, peri-, and post-operative bleeding following tooth extractions in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Consecutive patients requiring at least one dental extraction were enrolled. The DOAC regimen was either maintained or suspended. Patients were classified in subgroups depending on the number of teeth extracted per procedure (≤3 or >3), the need for flap elevation, and the performance of osteotomy. Bleeding was recorded intra-operatively; peri-operatively at 20, 40, 60, and 80 min after the procedure; and daily in the first seven days following tooth extractions. Forty-nine patients treated with DOACs (17 with rivaroxaban, 16 with apixaban, 8 with edoxaban, and 8 with dabigatran) were enrolled. Of them, 33 refrained from DOAC administration pre-operatively. The performances of >3 teeth extractions, flap elevation, and osteotomy were significantly associated with higher bleeding rates (p < 0.05). In patients treated with rivaroxaban and apixaban, bleeding episodes were more frequent. Although DOAC treatment may increase the rates of intra-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative bleeding, the recorded episodes were mild and manageable. DOAC suspension may reduce peri-operative bleeding, while no effect could be observed for post-operative bleeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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16 pages, 4840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occlusal Plane, Mandibular Position and Dentoalveolar Changes during the Orthodontic Treatment with the Use of Mini-Screws

by Julián David Gómez-Bedoya, Pablo Arley Escobar-Serna, Eliana Midori Tanaka-Lozano, Andrés A. Agudelo-Suárez and Diana Milena Ramírez-Ossa

Dent. J. 2024, 12(9), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12090278 - 30 Aug 2024

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Abstract

This study aimed to describe the changes produced on the occlusal plane (OP), the mandibular position and the dentoalveolar compensations of patients with distalization of the maxillary/mandibular arch assisted by mini-screws (MS). A descriptive case–series study was performed using the digital lateral cephalograms [...] Read more.

This study aimed to describe the changes produced on the occlusal plane (OP), the mandibular position and the dentoalveolar compensations of patients with distalization of the maxillary/mandibular arch assisted by mini-screws (MS). A descriptive case–series study was performed using the digital lateral cephalograms (DLC) of nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and required the use of MS for a complete distalization of the maxillary/mandibular arch. Records were collected at three different times (T1–T2–T3) and digitally analyzed (variables: Skeletal diagnosis; maxillary occlusal plane; position of the maxilla/mandible; and dentoalveolar changes of the distalization arch tracing the longitudinal axis of incisors/molars regarding the palatal/mandibular plane). Findings show that the OP varied from T1–T2–T3 in all cases, indicating its stepping or flattening. ODI, APDI, SNA, SNB, and ANB changed minimally in all cases, without variations in the mandibular position or in the skeletal diagnosis. Dentoalveolar measurements also showed differences between T1–T2–T3. In summary, conventional orthodontic treatment modified the OP during the first phase of treatment. Moreover, the distalization mechanics with MS changed the OP and produced dentoalveolar changes, mainly in the inclination of incisors and molars. Other measures considered in the study did not change substantially. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 1330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Structured Digital Tools with the Traditional Hands-on Puzzle Method for Teaching Tooth Morphology: A Comparative Study of Educational Outcomes

by Caroline Elisabet Markholm, Helene Lindén Overskott, Amer Sehic, Tor Paaske Utheim and Qalbi Khan

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080270 - 22 Aug 2024

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Abstract

The study of tooth morphology is a critical component of the dental curriculum, highlighting the importance for dental students to acquire comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the complex structure of teeth. This study compared the educational outcomes of two student cohorts in a [...] Read more.

The study of tooth morphology is a critical component of the dental curriculum, highlighting the importance for dental students to acquire comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the complex structure of teeth. This study compared the educational outcomes of two student cohorts in a tooth morphology course, using traditional methods for the control group and additional digital video-based resources for the experimental group. We hypothesized that early integration of digital resources would significantly reduce the learning time. We retrospectively analyzed two groups of Master of Dentistry students. The control group (42 students) was taught using the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method, while the experimental group (42 students) supplemented traditional teaching with digital video-based tools developed by our department. Both groups’ curricula culminated in a practical post-course test requiring the identification of 40 teeth, along with a mid-course test to track the students’ learning progression. The number and type of incorrectly identified teeth were recorded. The mid-course test showed significant performance differences. The control group had a median (Q1, Q3) value of faults of 12.0 (7.8, 20.5), whereas the respective value for the experimental group was 4.0 (0.0, 8.0) (p < 0.001). In the control group, none achieved faultless results, with only two students (4.8%) having at most two faults, and six students (14.3%) having no more than four faults. The control group averaged 13.5 faults per student, with 19 students (45.2%) failing the test. Conversely, the experimental group showed improved performance: 12 students (28.6%) had no faults, and 25 students (59.5%) had four or fewer faults. The experimental group averaged 5.2 faults per student, with only four students (9.5%) failing. By the end of the course, both groups achieved commendable results on the practical tooth identification test. The experimental group slightly outperformed the control group, though the difference was not significant. The median (Q1, Q3) values were 0.0 (0.0, 2.5) and 1.0 (0.0, 4.5) for the experimental and control groups, respectively (p = 0.372). The students using both traditional and structured digital video-based tools showed greater learning advancement than those using only the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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9 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19 Safety: Perspectives from Dental Students

by Man Hung, Daniel Yevseyevich, Amir Mohajeri, Nicole Hablitzel, Sharon Su and Martin S. Lipsky

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080264 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 813

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for healthcare providers, especially dental professionals in practices and universities. This study investigated dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 and whether institutional communication influenced pandemic-related stressors. Methods: An online survey designed to elicit dental students’ concerns about [...] Read more.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created challenges for healthcare providers, especially dental professionals in practices and universities. This study investigated dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 and whether institutional communication influenced pandemic-related stressors. Methods: An online survey designed to elicit dental students’ concerns about COVID-19 was distributed to all dental students enrolled at a private non-profit academic institution in the Western United States from 26 April 2021 to 25 August 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the respondents, and Chi-square test and z-test analyses were used to compare students’ experiences. Results: A total of 92 dental students answered the survey. The respondents’ ages ranged from 22 to 47 years. Slightly more than half (50.5%) were male and 93.3% were non-Hispanic or non-Latino. Over one-fourth of the students (27.5%) reported that they either often or always felt anxious that they might become infected with the COVID-19 virus, with 16.3% of the students expressing concern about contracting COVID-19 while on campus. There were no statistically significant differences in anxiety levels about contracting COVID-19 from clinic patients or while on campus between the group of students who perceived the institution communicated effectively and those who did not. However, students who felt that the dental school clearly communicated COVID-19 protocols were more likely to believe that students took protocols seriously and expressed less concern about contracting COVID-19 by touching dental school items. Conclusions: About one-quarter of dental students expressed high levels of anxiety about being infected with COVID-19. Clear communication about COVID-19 protocols reduced students’ fear of contracting COVID-19 from dental school items and strengthened their belief that other students followed protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

15 pages, 3936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception and Acceptance of Shade Variances in the Smile

by Jana Wesselbaum, Dieter Dirksen, Christoph Runte and Alexander Becker

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080260 - 16 Aug 2024

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Abstract

(1) This study aimed to evaluate the influences of differences in denture teeth shade on harmony ratings and esthetic quality. Particular attention was paid to the question of how the overall variance of shade differences in the dental arch influences the perception of [...] Read more.

(1) This study aimed to evaluate the influences of differences in denture teeth shade on harmony ratings and esthetic quality. Particular attention was paid to the question of how the overall variance of shade differences in the dental arch influences the perception of shade differences between adjacent teeth. (2) A total of 51 pictures of upper front teeth with standardized different colors of the left central incisor and different color variance of the dental arch were created. Eighty participants without dental knowledge and of different age, sex and educational level rated the pictures on a visual analogue scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) with regards to esthetic and color equality. (3) Results: The color differences between two teeth were judged in a negative linear correlation to the evaluation of color and esthetic quality. There was a sex- and education-specific difference in color and harmony ratings. In relation to the age of the participants, there was a significant difference in the color rating (p = 0.01) but not in the harmony rating (p = 0.27). Lower rating of color difference and harmony was found for a color difference in the dental arch up to ΔE = 3.1. In contrast, higher color differences resulted in higher ratings. (4) There is an influence of personal parameters on color perception. Color inhomogeneity in a dental arch leads to significant differences in color and harmony rating in a non-linear relation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 2495 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Novel Adaptive Handle Design on the Ergonomic Performance of Periodontal Curettes in Dental Hygienists with and without Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Pilot Clinical Study

by Cherie Wink, Susan Meishan Yang, Ali A. Habib, Kairong Lin, Thair Takesh and Petra Wilder-Smith

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080253 - 13 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942

Abstract

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discomfort, fatigue, pain, and other acute and chronic work-related injuries are common among dental clinicians. Hand instruments constitute a primary risk factor for these conditions. The overall goal of this study was to compare in dental hygienists with [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discomfort, fatigue, pain, and other acute and chronic work-related injuries are common among dental clinicians. Hand instruments constitute a primary risk factor for these conditions. The overall goal of this study was to compare in dental hygienists with healthy hands, and in those with MSDs, the effect of three different handle designs on instrumentation-related muscle work, comfort, fatigue, and quality of tactile feedback. (2) Methods: Clinicians tested three periodontal curettes: one with a novel adaptive silicone handle, another with a rigid resin handle, and the third with a rigid silicone handle. Ten hygienists—five with MSDs and five without—each scaled three typodonts using the three different curettes. Statistical analysis was performed using a General Linear Model (GLIM) and Tukey’s post hoc test, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was implemented. (3) Results: On average, mean comfort and fatigue across all instruments were significantly worse in testers with MSDs, who also expended significantly more work to complete the same task. In all testers, a novel adaptive handle design was associated with significantly reduced total muscle work and post-instrumentation fatigue, as well as better comfort than conventional rigid handle designs. (4) Conclusions: An adaptive curette handle design demonstrated significantly better ergonomic outcomes than conventional rigid curette handle designs. Hygienists with MSDs expend significantly more muscle work during dental instrumentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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16 pages, 1365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Virtual Education Learning among Dental Residents and Faculty during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Shasha Cui, Kumari Saswati Kar, Shruti Vasani, Nisreen Al Jallad, Mechelle R. Sanders, Rita Cacciato, Tong Tong Wu, Jin Xiao and Hans Malmstrom

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080231 - 23 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted a rapid shift from in-person to virtual learning in dental education. This study aims to assess the perceptions of virtual education learning among dental residents and faculty and employ regulatory focus theory (RFT) to understand [...] Read more.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted a rapid shift from in-person to virtual learning in dental education. This study aims to assess the perceptions of virtual education learning among dental residents and faculty and employ regulatory focus theory (RFT) to understand the impact of motivational orientations on virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In total, 46 dental residents and 10 faculty members in a dental institution participated in the study (June–August 2021). Questionnaires were used to obtain data on demographics, perceptions of virtual learning, burnout, and RFT types (promotion and prevention focus). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with perceptions of virtual learning and burnout. Results: Overall, 70% of residents and 44% of faculty found virtual learning effective. Younger residents with less experience preferred virtual learning more than their older, experienced peers. Residents trained outside the U.S. and Canada favored in-person learning more than those trained within. Furthermore, residents with a higher promotion focus score found virtual learning more interactive for didactic courses. Additionally, 52% of residents experienced burnout, with a higher incidence among females (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Virtual learning is well received by dental residents and faculty, with potential for continued use post-pandemic. Future efforts should focus on creating an inclusive and supportive educational environment that meets the motivational and well-being needs of dental residents and faculty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Malocclusion and Oral Parafunctions in Predicting Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders—A Cross-Sectional Study

by Luka Šimunović, Marina Lapter Varga, Dubravka Negovetić Vranić, Ivana Čuković-Bagić, Lana Bergman and Senka Meštrović

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070213 - 10 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to examine to what extent malocclusion and parafunctional habits contribute to the development of signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in schoolchildren with mixed dentition in Croatia in a sample of 338 children, aged [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine to what extent malocclusion and parafunctional habits contribute to the development of signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in schoolchildren with mixed dentition in Croatia in a sample of 338 children, aged 9 to 15 years. Methods: TMD signs and symptoms assessed by the clinician were joint function and pain, masticatory muscles tenderness, range of mandibular motion, and joint sounds. To evaluate subjective symptoms and parafunctions, children and parents were asked about the presence of headaches, jaw locking, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, pain during mouth opening, or bruxism, as well as parafunctions like biting pencils or nails, chewing hard candies or ice, daily gum chewing, opening bottles with teeth, engaging in jaw play, thumb-sucking, and clenching/grinding teeth. Results: At least one symptom of a TMD was pronounced in 142 participants (42.0%). The most commonly reported parafunction was pencil or nail biting, present in 25.1% of participants. Class II malocclusion increased the likelihood by 2.6 times, pencil or nail biting by 2.34 times, and clenching/grinding teeth by 8.9 times that the subject would exhibit at least one TMD symptom. Conclusions: Every child with mixed dentition should undergo a brief examination of the TMJ, especially in cases of Class II malocclusion, pencil or nail biting, and teeth clenching or grinding, as these have all been identified as significant risk factors that increase the likelihood of experiencing TMD symptoms. This highlights the need for proactive screening and assessment by healthcare providers to reduce the risk and prevalence of TMDs in affected children and ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

13 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Investigating the Relationship between Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness: Analysis of NHANES 1999–2016

by Jing Kang, Jianhua Wu, Vishal. R. Aggarwal, David Shiers, Tim Doran and Jasper Palmier-Claus

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070191 - 24 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1551

Abstract

Objectives: To explore whether: (i) people with severe mental illness (SMI) experience worse oral health than the general population, and (ii) the risk factors for poor oral health in people with SMI. Methods: Cross-sectional data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition [...] Read more.

Objectives: To explore whether: (i) people with severe mental illness (SMI) experience worse oral health than the general population, and (ii) the risk factors for poor oral health in people with SMI. Methods: Cross-sectional data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016), including on self-rated oral health, oral pain, tooth loss, periodontitis stage, and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Candidate risk factors for poor oral health included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical health comorbidities, and dental hygiene behaviours. Ordinal logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to explore predictors of oral health outcomes. Results: There were 53,348 cases included in the analysis, including 718 people with SMI. In the fully adjusted model, people with SMI were more likely to suffer from tooth loss (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.34–1.92). In people with SMI, risk factors identified for poor oral health outcomes were older age, white ethnicity, lower income, smoking history, and diabetes. Engaging in physical activity and daily use of dental floss were associated with better oral health outcomes. Conclusions: People with SMI experience higher rates of tooth loss than the general population, and certain subgroups are particularly at risk. Performing regular physical exercise and flossing may lower the risk of poor oral health, while smoking and diabetes may increase the risk. These findings suggest opportunities for targeted prevention and early intervention strategies to mitigate adverse oral health outcomes in people with SMI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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18 pages, 3797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum Extract Cytotoxicity on Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells

by Luis G. Sequeda-Castañeda, Luisa F. Suárez-Carvajal, Mayra A. Téllez-Corral, Sandra J. Gutiérrez-Prieto and Henry A. Méndez-Pinzón

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060189 - 20 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting dental enamel. Among its phenotypes, hypocalcified AI is characterized by mineral deficiency, leading to tissue wear and, consequently, dental sensitivity. Excessive fluoride intake (through drinking water, fluoride supplements, toothpaste, or by ingesting products such as [...] Read more.

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting dental enamel. Among its phenotypes, hypocalcified AI is characterized by mineral deficiency, leading to tissue wear and, consequently, dental sensitivity. Excessive fluoride intake (through drinking water, fluoride supplements, toothpaste, or by ingesting products such as pesticides or insecticides) can lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis, which manifests as stains and teeth discoloration affecting their structure. Our recent studies have shown that extracts from Colombian native plants, Ilex guayusa and Piper marginatum, deposit mineral ions such as phosphate and orthophosphate into the dental enamel structure; however, it is unknown whether these extracts produce toxic effects on the dental pulp. Objective: To assess cytotoxicity effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to extracts isolated from I. guayusa and P. marginatum and, hence, their safety for clinical use. Methods: Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques were employed. For Raman spectroscopy, hDPSCs were seeded onto nanobiochips designed to provide surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS effect), which enhances their Raman signal by several orders of magnitude. After eight days in culture, I. guayusa and P. marginatum extracts at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) were added. Raman measurements were performed at 0, 12, and 24 h following extract application. Fluorescence microscopy was conducted using an OLIMPUS fv1000 microscope, a live–dead assay was performed using a kit employing a BD FACS Canto TM II flow cytometer, and data analysis was determined using a FlowJo program. Results: The Raman spectroscopy results showed spectra consistent with viable cells. These findings were corroborated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, confirming high cellular viability. Conclusions: The analyzed extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity, suggesting that they could be safely applied on enamel for remineralization purposes. The use of nanobiochips for SERS effect improved the cell viability assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 2467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of a New Simplified Approach for Upper Superficial Impacted Third Molar Extraction—A Retrospective Split-Mouth Study

by Alberto Materni, Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman, Alberto Maltagliati, Daniele Botticelli and Stefano Benedicenti

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060184 - 17 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Background: A new access technique was developed to reduce postoperative adverse events after the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth. Hence, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of adverse events after the extraction of maxillary impacted wisdom teeth using a traditional access [...] Read more.

Background: A new access technique was developed to reduce postoperative adverse events after the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth. Hence, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of adverse events after the extraction of maxillary impacted wisdom teeth using a traditional access (TA) or a new technique (NT). Methods: Two different surgical incision designs were used for bilateral wisdom tooth extractions in 30 patients. The traditional incision was performed distal to the second molar in the center of the tuberosity, followed by a buccal releasing incision. After the tooth extraction, the wound was secured by sutures. The new technique consists of an oblique incision from the distal palatal aspect of the tuberosity towards the buccal aspect of the second molar. After the tooth extraction, cyanoacrylate glue was used on the wound. Results: Lower pain was reported by patients at the site treated with the new technique (p < 0.01). Edema, postsurgical bleeding, and hematoma were similar in both groups. The surgical time was shorter for the new technique (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The new technique applied for the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth reduced postsurgical pain and the duration of surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Frequency of Oral Lesions, Olfactory, and Gustatory Disorders and Xerostomia in Patients with COVID-19

by Natália Lopes Castilho, Daniella R. Barbosa Martelli, Renato Assis Machado, Zêus Araujo Cunha, Claudiojanes dos Reis, Priscila Regina Queiroz, Dayane de Sá Silva, Eduardo Araujo Oliveira, Ricardo D. Coletta and Hercílio Martelli-Júnior

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060179 - 11 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1383

Abstract

COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual’s quality [...] Read more.

COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual’s quality of life. In this context, our study aimed to assess the frequency of oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory disorders, and xerostomia resulting from COVID-19. An observational study was conducted with 414 patients to evaluate the frequency of oral symptoms resulting from COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with mild symptoms and evaluated through clinical examination of the oral cavity and a questionnaire to assess functional alterations. The findings showed that 139 out of 414 patients presented clinical manifestations, with oral lesions being the most prevalent (19.1%), followed by gustatory disorders (18.1%), xerostomia (14.2%), and olfactory dysfunction (14%). The most prevalent oral lesions were ulcerations (n = 51), candidiasis (n = 8), and erythema or red plaques (n = 7). Unfortunately, 50 (12.1%) patients died during this study. Therefore, oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, and xerostomia are common symptoms associated with COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Association of Chewing Function and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Population of Individuals Aged ≥ 45 Years and Residing in Communities in Switzerland: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Christian Tennert, Roberta Borg-Bartolo, Maria Prasinou, Maurus Kurt Jaeggi, Martin Schimmel, Andrea Roccuzzo and Guglielmo Campus

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060174 - 6 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Purpose: To analyse the association of masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life in a representative population of individuals residing in communities in Switzerland aged ≥ 45 years. Materials and Methods: In total, 100 subjects completed two dedicated and validated questionnaires on [...] Read more.

Purpose: To analyse the association of masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life in a representative population of individuals residing in communities in Switzerland aged ≥ 45 years. Materials and Methods: In total, 100 subjects completed two dedicated and validated questionnaires on their demographic data and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. A mixing ability test was performed for assessing masticatory performance. The qualitative analysis of the test was performed by categorizing the images into five categories, while the quantitative analysis was performed via a validated custom-made software. Results: Sixty-six samples could be analysed. Participants younger than 65 years of age showed significantly less frequent chewing deficiencies (17%) compared to those 65 years and older (50%, p < 0.01). However, retired participants had chewing deficiencies significantly more frequently (8%) compared to workers (51%, p < 0.01). A statistically significant positive association of having chewing deficiency was found between employment status (p < 0.01) and the presence of restorations (p = 0.04), while GOHAI did not show any statistically significant association. Overall, the enrolled subjects displayed moderate chewing function. Masticatory performance was positively associated with the number of present restorations. Conclusions: The enrolled subjects residing in communities in Switzerland aged ≥ 45 years displayed moderate chewing function. Their masticatory performance was positively associated with the number of present restorations but not associated with oral health related quality of life (GOHAI). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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15 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Silver Diamine Fluoride among Dentists in Vietnam

by Hollis Haotian Chai, Quang Khai Dao, Trong Hung Hoang, Sherry Shiqian Gao, Edward Chin Man Lo and Chun Hung Chu

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060169 - 5 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1123

Abstract

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and a qualitative study (in-depth interview) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SDF among dentists in Vietnam. A [...] Read more.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and a qualitative study (in-depth interview) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SDF among dentists in Vietnam. A descriptive approach and a thematic approach were performed to analyze data, respectively. The questionnaire survey invited 436 licensed dentists registered for the national annual dental meeting and 226 dentists participated (response rate: 52%). Among them, 174 (77%, 174/226) dentists knew SDF, and 69 (40%, 69/174) dentists used SDF for caries management. Most of them considered SDF therapy as non-invasive (84%, 146/174) and simple (80%, 140/174). However, most of them expressed concern that SDF could discolor the tooth (74%, 128/174). Their most preferred teeth for SDF therapy were primary posterior teeth (92%, 160/174). The in-depth interview consulted 16 dentists to reach data saturation. They learned about SDF from outside curriculum resources as an effective anti-caries agent. They understood the advantages (simple, non-invasive, timesaving) and disadvantages (tooth discoloring, ammonia odor) of SDF. They used SDF to arrest caries in uncooperative children in the clinic and people living in rural areas in outreach services. Most dentists in Vietnam are supportive of SDF therapy, and they know its advantages and disadvantages for caries management. The results addressed the aim of the study to investigate Vietnamese dentists’ perspectives towards SDF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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15 pages, 3312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concordance Analysis of Lower Third Molar Surgery Classifications: A Comparative Study

by Selene Barone, Francesco Bennardo, Marianna Salviati, Vincenzo Cosentino, Riccardo Finamore, Vincenzo Greco, Antonio Madonna, Anna Procopio, Alessandro Antonelli and Amerigo Giudice

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060167 - 3 Jun 2024

Viewed by 597

Abstract

The high frequency and complexity of mandibular third molar (M3M) surgery have led several authors to the development of classification systems for better evaluation and management in oral surgery. This study compared the classifications of Juodzabalys and Daugela et al. (JD), Sammartino et [...] Read more.

The high frequency and complexity of mandibular third molar (M3M) surgery have led several authors to the development of classification systems for better evaluation and management in oral surgery. This study compared the classifications of Juodzabalys and Daugela et al. (JD), Sammartino et al., Chang et al., Jhamb et al., Maglione et al., and Nemsi et al. to understand the concordance between the scores of M3M surgery. Two types of analysis were conducted: the relationship between the M3M and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and the overall difficulty score based on the tooth’s angulation and its spatial position with the adjacent structure. The analysis of the classifications on the relationship between M3M and IAN resulted in a concordance of 26.1%. In the pairwise comparisons, the classifications of Nemsi et al. and Jhamb et al. showed the highest concordance of 59.5%. Analyzing the total scores difficulty, the JD et al., Chang et al., and Sammartino et al. classifications demonstrated a concordance level of 25.5%. A pairwise assessment revealed a higher concordance degree between the classifications of Sammartino et al. and Chang et al. (57.4%). The results highlight the limits in establishing a comprehensive and objective classification for the surgical difficulty of M3M, possibly attributed to variations in the methodology for computing total scores. An objective, automated, and non-operator-dependent classification method for assessing the surgical difficulty of M3M is still needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 1570 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Traditional Hands-On Puzzle Method versus Fully Digital Approach in Teaching Tooth Morphology: A Comparative Study of Educational Outcomes

by Amer Sehic and Qalbi Khan

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060162 - 27 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 839

Abstract

Objective: Tooth morphology education is a critical component of dental curricula, providing a foundational understanding of the intricate structural anatomy of teeth. This study evaluates the learning outcomes in relation to tooth morphology of two student cohorts from different academic terms, comparing the [...] Read more.

Objective: Tooth morphology education is a critical component of dental curricula, providing a foundational understanding of the intricate structural anatomy of teeth. This study evaluates the learning outcomes in relation to tooth morphology of two student cohorts from different academic terms, comparing the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method to an alternative fully digital approach. Materials and Methods: Two groups of Master of Dentistry students were retrospectively analyzed. The control group (55 students) was taught via the ‘tooth puzzle’ method in 2021, while the experimental group (55 students) underwent a fully digital course in 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions. Both groups completed a digital examination involving the identification of 40 teeth, presented as images and videos. Results: In the control group of 55 students, nearly half (49.1%) achieved faultless results, while 65.5% had at most two faults, and 74.5% had no more than four faults. The group had a total of 163 faults, averaging 3.0 per student, with only one student (1.8%) failing the test. In stark contrast, the experimental group had no students without faults, 9.1% had four or fewer faults, and a significant 61.8% made 10 or more faults, with 29.1% failing their first test attempt by exceeding 12 faults. Overall, the experimental group registered 582 faults, averaging 10.6 per student. Conclusions: The ‘tooth puzzle’ method, with its interactive and tactile elements, proved more effective in teaching tooth morphology than the digital-only approach. The increased number of faults and failed tests in the experimental group suggest that while digital tools offer meaningful support in learning tooth morphology, their main advantage is seen when coupled with traditional hands-on techniques, not unassisted and independently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 1460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Experience Comparison of Foreign-Trained Dentists and Domestic Dental Students: One Institution’s Experience

by Zabihulla Ahmadi, Judy Chia-Chun Yuan, Michael Spector, Adriana Semprum-Clavier, Cortino Sukotjo and Fatemeh S. Afshari

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050139 - 11 May 2024

Viewed by 1082

Abstract

This study compared the clinical experiences of foreign-trained dentists (FTDs) enrolled in an Advance Standing DMD Dental Program (DMDAS) with those of the domestic dental students (DMD) at the University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry (UIC-COD). A cross-sectional retrospective chart review of [...] Read more.

This study compared the clinical experiences of foreign-trained dentists (FTDs) enrolled in an Advance Standing DMD Dental Program (DMDAS) with those of the domestic dental students (DMD) at the University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry (UIC-COD). A cross-sectional retrospective chart review of patients treated by 295 DMD and 253 DMDAS predoctoral dental students was completed at the UIC-COD. The data were retrieved from the electronic health record system (axiUm) for the graduated classes of 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 on various performed clinical procedures as measured by relative value units (RVUs). The retrieved data were used to compare the clinical experiences of DMDAS vs. DMD students. Descriptive (mean) and statistical (independent t-test) analyses were used (α = 0.05). The results indicated that DMD and DMDAS students had comparable clinical experiences in several disciplines, including diagnosis, prevention, direct/indirect restorations, endodontics, periodontics, complete dentures, removable partial dentures, implants/fixed partial dentures, and oral surgery. There was a statistical difference in total RVUs for diagnosis (p = 0.002) and direct restorations (p < 0.001), in which DMD students had more experience. The 28 month program for FTDs appeared to be a reasonable timeframe to obtain an adequate number of varied clinical experiences as compared with the traditional four-year program at the UIC-COD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 1491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Impact of Various Decontamination Instruments on Titanium and Zirconia Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study

by Louisa Vierling, Chun Ching Liu, Daniel Wiedemeier, Andrea Gubler and Patrick R. Schmidlin

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050136 - 9 May 2024

Viewed by 1089

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of various instrumentation techniques on material removal and surface changes in titanium (Ti)- and zirconia (Zr) implant discs. Ti- and Zr discs were subjected to standardized experiments using various instruments including airflow, ultrasound, carbide, and diamond burs. Instrumentation [...] Read more.

This study investigates the impact of various instrumentation techniques on material removal and surface changes in titanium (Ti)- and zirconia (Zr) implant discs. Ti- and Zr discs were subjected to standardized experiments using various instruments including airflow, ultrasound, carbide, and diamond burs. Instrumentation was performed for 60 s with continuous automatic motion. Abrasion and changes in surface roughness were assessed using profilometry, while scanning electron microscopy was used to examine morphological changes and particle size. Carbide burs predominantly caused abrasion on Ti discs, while diamond burs caused more abrasion on Zr discs. The Ti discs were more susceptible to surface changes. However, among the materials tested, machined Zr discs treated with diamond burs produced the largest particle. In certain cases, a statistical significance (p < 0.05) was observed between the groups, while in others, there was no considerable difference among the means (p > 0.05). These results highlighted the statistical significance of our findings. These results found diverse alterations in surface characteristics of Ti- and Zr discs due to different instruments, with carbide and diamond burs causing notable effects. The findings highlight the need for a careful balance between promoting healing and minimizing harm during implantoplasty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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14 pages, 9114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

by Simran R. Parwani, Kaustubh S. Thakare, Kshipra P. Kawadkar, Nishita Jaju Soni, Rajkumar Parwani, Himanshu Dadlani, Dhanashree S. Chaudhary, Dipanshu Pahuja, Gianrico Spagnuolo and Niccolò Giuseppe Armogida

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050135 - 9 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1730

Abstract

This clinical trial investigated the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) in non-surgical periodontal therapy. In a split-mouth randomized controlled trial with 13 patients and 26 periodontal pocket sites, PRF was inserted in test [...] Read more.

This clinical trial investigated the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) in non-surgical periodontal therapy. In a split-mouth randomized controlled trial with 13 patients and 26 periodontal pocket sites, PRF was inserted in test group pockets alongside SRP, while control group pockets received SRP alone. Measurements at baseline and six weeks included probing pocket depths (PPDs), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), the plaque index, and the gingivitis index. The wound healing index was assessed at six weeks. The results show statistically significant improvements in the SRP+PRF group compared to SRP alone, demonstrating a better CAL gain (SRP+PRF group: 2.69 ± 0.63; SRP alone group: 4.15 ± 0.69—p-value: 0.001), PPD reduction (SRP+PRF group: 2.62 ± 0.65; SRP alone group: 3.85 ± 0.80—p-value: 0.001), and GR minimization (SRP+PRF group: 0.46 ± 0.62; SRP alone group: 0.81 ± 0.72—p-value: 0.21). The adjunctive use of PRF enhanced healing, reduced pocket depths, decreased tissue morbidity, and minimized gingival recession. This study concludes that PRF placement is effective in 5–6 mm pockets, potentially reducing the number of periodontal treatment sessions needed for pocket closure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 1499 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Muscular Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Case-Control Study

by Rossana Izzetti, Elisabetta Carli, Stefano Gennai, Maria Rita Giuca, Filippo Graziani and Marco Nisi

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050129 - 7 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1102

Abstract

Muscular temporomandibular joint disorders (M-TMDs) encompass a wide range of painful muscular conditions, which can provoke functional limitation and severely affect quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the treatment outcomes in patients affected by M-TMDs in terms [...] Read more.

Muscular temporomandibular joint disorders (M-TMDs) encompass a wide range of painful muscular conditions, which can provoke functional limitation and severely affect quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the treatment outcomes in patients affected by M-TMDs in terms of pain scores assessed with pressure pain threshold (PPT). The levels of depression, anxiety, and the Oral Health Impact Profile were also assessed and compared to healthy controls. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of M-TMDs and a control group of healthy subjects were enrolled. At baseline, OHIP-14, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 were administered. PPT was registered at the level of masseter and temporalis muscles. The patients affected by M-TMDs were then treated with oral splints and physio-kinesiotherapy following a standardized treatment protocol. At the 6-month follow-up of M-TMD-affected patients, PPT was registered, and the questionnaires were re-administered to evaluate treatment outcomes. In total, sixty patients and sixty controls were enrolled. The treatment of M-TMDs produced a significant improvement in PPT at the level of the masseter muscle. OHIP-14 at baseline in the M-TMD group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, a significant reduction in OHIP-14 scores was registered, although with higher scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PHQ-9 was significantly higher at baseline in the M-TMD group (p < 0.05) and decreased to values comparable to the control group after treatment. GAD-7 presented statistically significant differences between the control group and M-TMD patients at baseline (p < 0.05) and between pre- and post-treatment in the M-TMD group. Following treatment, the GAD-7 scores were comparable to the control group. The symptom burden associated with M-TMDs negatively affects quality of life, with higher oral health impairment and a tendency towards depression and anxiety compared to healthy subjects. Following treatment, an improvement in both PPT and quality of life was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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14 pages, 5813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biological Evaluation of Oral Care Products Using 3D Tissue-Engineered In Vitro Models of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis

by Emilia Barker, Lina AlQobaly, Zahab Shaikh, Kirsty Franklin, Johanna Thurlow, Behfar Moghaddam, Jonathan Pratten and Keyvan Moharamzadeh

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050126 - 6 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2133

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and visualize the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of different oral care products using an infected and inflamed 3D tissue-engineered gingival mucosal model. Methods: A 3D full-thickness oral mucosal model was engineered inside tissue culture [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and visualize the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of different oral care products using an infected and inflamed 3D tissue-engineered gingival mucosal model. Methods: A 3D full-thickness oral mucosal model was engineered inside tissue culture inserts using collagen hydrogels populated with human gingival fibroblasts and THP-1 monocytes and layered with oral epithelial cell lines. Oral saliva bacteria were cultured and added to the surface of the models and inflammation was further simulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli. The 3D models were exposed to three different types of toothpastes, a chlorhexidine antiseptic mouthwash, different antibiotics, and a mechanical rinse with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) prior to biological evaluation using the PrestoBlue tissue viability assay, histology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal microscopy, and measurement of the release of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 with ELISA. Results: Multiple-endpoint analyses of the infected oral mucosal models treated with different anti-bacterial agents showed consistent outcomes in terms of tissue viability, histology, OCT, and confocal microscopy findings. In terms of anti-inflammatory testings, the positive control group showed the highest level of inflammation compared with all other groups. Depending on the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of the test groups, different levels of inflammation were observed in the test groups. Conclusions: The inflamed 3D oral mucosal model developed in this study has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro model for testing the biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties of oral care products including mouthwashes and toothpastes. The results of this study indicate that the chlorhexidine mouthwash has both anti-bacterial and cytotoxic effects on the 3D oral mucosal model. Hyaluronic-acid-containing toothpaste has significant anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects on the 3D oral mucosal model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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21 pages, 6726 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Quantity and Size of Titanium Particles Released from Different Mechanical Decontamination Procedures on Titanium Discs: An In Vitro Study

by Anthony Kao, Andrew Tawse-Smith, Sunyoung Ma, Warwick J. Duncan, Malcolm Reid and Momen A. Atieh

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050123 - 24 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1425

Abstract

Complications such as peri-implantitis could ultimately affect the survival of a dental implant. The prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases require managing bacterial biofilm and controlling environmental risks, including the presence of pro-inflammatory titanium (Ti) particles in the peri-implant niche. Objectives included the [...] Read more.

Complications such as peri-implantitis could ultimately affect the survival of a dental implant. The prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases require managing bacterial biofilm and controlling environmental risks, including the presence of pro-inflammatory titanium (Ti) particles in the peri-implant niche. Objectives included the evaluation of the size and quantity of Ti particles released from moderately roughened Ti surfaces during common mechanical surface decontamination methods. One hundred and forty moderately roughened Ti discs were divided into seven groups (n = 20 per group); six groups received mechanical decontamination procedures (ultrasonic scaling (US) with a metal tip and poly-ether-ketone (PEEK) under low and medium power settings, air-polishing with erythritol powder, and Ti brush), and the control group underwent air–water spray using a dental triplex. The rinsing solution was collected for Ti mass analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), as well as for Ti particle size and count analysis under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). US metal tip instrumentation generated 34.00 ± 12.54 μg and 34.44 ± 6.08 μg of Ti under low and medium power settings, respectively. This amount of Ti generation was significantly higher than other instrumentation methods. The mean Ti particle size of the US groups ranged from 0.89 ± 0.27 μm to 1.25 ± 0.24 μm. No statistically significant difference was found in the particle size among US groups and Ti brush group (1.05 ± 0.11 μm), except for US with the PEEK tip, where a significantly smaller mean particle diameter was found at the low power setting (0.89 ± 0.27 μm). Mechanical instrumentation can produce Ti particulates and modify the implant surfaces. US using a metal tip generated the highest amount of Ti with smaller Ti size particles compared to all other commonly used mechanical surface instrumentations. The EDS analysis confirmed Ti in PEEK US tips. It can be suggested that deterioration from the PEEK US tip and Ti brush, as observed under SEM, is an additional source of Ti release during Ti surface decontamination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 1418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shock Absorption Capacity of High-Performance Polymers for Dental Implant-Supported Restorations: In Vitro Study

by Maria Menini, Francesca Delucchi, Francesco Bagnasco, Domenico Baldi, Luigi Canullo, Paolo Setti, Marco Migliorati, Enrico Simetti and Paolo Pesce

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040111 - 17 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1284

Abstract

Background: Restorative materials might significantly affect load transmission in peri-implant bone. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the shock absorption capacity of two different polymeric materials to be used for implant-supported prostheses. Methods: A masticatory robot was used to compare [...] Read more.

Background: Restorative materials might significantly affect load transmission in peri-implant bone. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the shock absorption capacity of two different polymeric materials to be used for implant-supported prostheses. Methods: A masticatory robot was used to compare the shock absorption capacity of veneered and non-veneered polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), Pekkton^®ivory (Cendres+Mètaux), and the glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC), TRINIA^TM (Bicon). Five identical sample crowns for each of the three groups were tested. Forces transmitted at the simulated peri-implant bone were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The statistical analysis of forces transmitted at the simulated dental implant revealed significant differences between the materials tested and between these materials and zirconia, glass ceramic, composite resin, and acrylic resin. Only differences between PEKK and veneered PEKK and between PEKK and one of the previously tested composite resins were not statistically significant. PEKK samples demonstrated significantly greater shock absorption capacity compared to GFRC. Conclusions: PEKK revealed optimal shock absorption capacity. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in the case of long-span prostheses with reduced prosthetic volume. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Students from Romania Regarding Self-Perceived Risk and Prevention of Infectious Diseases

by Florentina Iuliana Dincă, Bogdan-Alexandru Dimitriu, Oana Săndulescu, Valentin Daniel Sîrbu and Mihai Săndulescu

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040097 - 10 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

University education is a leading source of information for dental practitioners. Particular emphasis should be given to determining the extent to which students acquire positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and positive metacompetences beyond the scope of each studied dental discipline. We performed [...] Read more.

University education is a leading source of information for dental practitioners. Particular emphasis should be given to determining the extent to which students acquire positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and positive metacompetences beyond the scope of each studied dental discipline. We performed a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study among dentistry students from Romania to assess self-perceived risk of infectious diseases and their KAP on topics related to infectious disease prevention. The surveyed students presented good knowledge regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), and their PPE practices significantly correlated with the perceived usefulness of PPE. Only 45.1% correctly recognized all vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), but knowledge regarding VPDs significantly improved with increasing year of study (τ_b = 0.298, p = 0.001), confirming a positive education effect. Awareness regarding the need for screening for bloodborne viruses is poor; the majority of students had never performed a test for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) (59.4%) or for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (60.4%). Furthermore, most respondents incorrectly considered themselves at high or very high risk of acquiring BBV, and perceived risk was inversely correlated with willingness to treat patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (τ_b = −0.214, p = 0.018), HCV infection (τ_b = −0.234, p = 0.013), or HIV infection (τ_b = −0.242, p = 0.006). This led to 3.0% of respondents stating that they would hypothetically deny dental treatment to a patient with HBV infection, 5.0% for HCV infection, and 10.9% for HIV infection, the proportion being significantly higher for HIV (z = −2.2, p = 0.026). In conclusion, better knowledge is needed among dental students regarding their own vaccination history, screening for bloodborne viruses, accurate estimates for their risk of acquiring bloodborne viruses during routine dental practice, and the existence of post-exposure measures following occupational exposure. Improving student knowledge and awareness could translate into a higher willingness to treat patients with chronic viral infections and into a safer and more inclusive dental practice. We propose an adaptation to the university curriculum to cover these key areas for targeted focus to empower future dental practitioners and to facilitate the improvement of across-discipline metacompetences for infection prevention and control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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20 pages, 4347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment of Multiple RT1 Gingival Recessions Using a Coronally Advanced Flap Associated with L-PRF or Subgingival Connective Tissue Graft from Maxillary Tuberosity: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

by Giuseppe Balice, Michele Paolantonio, Matteo Serroni, Paolo De Ninis, Imena Rexhepi, Alessio Frisone, Stefania Di Gregorio, Luigi Romano, Bruna Sinjari, Giovanna Murmura and Beatrice Femminella

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040086 - 28 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1446

Abstract

The goal of plastic periodontal surgery is to obtain complete root coverage, increasing gingival thickness (GT), a positive prognostic factor for gingival margin stability over time. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) in [...] Read more.

The goal of plastic periodontal surgery is to obtain complete root coverage, increasing gingival thickness (GT), a positive prognostic factor for gingival margin stability over time. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) in RT1 (GR; gingival recession with no loss of interproximal attachment) when associated with a connective tissue graft from the maxillary tuberosity (tCTG) or with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes in obtaining root coverage and increasing the thickness and width of the keratinized tissue, along with aesthetic improvement, taking into account a number of patient-related outcomes. Thirty patients with two adjacent RT1 GRs (GRs with no loss of interproximal attachment) were each treated using CAF associated with tCTG (15 patients) or L-PRF. The main outcome was a GT increase; secondary outcomes were keratinized tissue width (KT), gingival recession (GR), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), root coverage percentage (RC%), complete root coverage (CRC), and root coverage esthetic score (RES). Patient-reported outcomes were discomfort (D), dentine hypersensitivity (DH), patient-related esthetic score (PRES), and overall treatment satisfaction (OTS). After 12 months, clinical and patient-reported parameters did not show significant differences between groups, with the only exception being a GT gain, which was significantly greater in the CAF + tCTG group. Our results showed that both techniques were effective in treating RT1 GRs, with comparable patient-related outcomes. However, the use of tCTG produces significantly thicker tissue, covering the exposed root surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 3700 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prophylactic Use of Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol for Prevention of Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw after Dental Extraction in Post-Radiated Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients: An Initial Case Series

by Adepitan A. Owosho, Katherine A. DeColibus, Osariemen Okhuaihesuyi and Layne C. Levy

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040083 - 22 Mar 2024

Viewed by 2944

Abstract

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw is a morbid complication of radiotherapy in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers that may be precipitated by dental extractions. Pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) has been utilized in the management of osteoradionecrosis and as prophylaxis for post-radiated head and [...] Read more.

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw is a morbid complication of radiotherapy in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers that may be precipitated by dental extractions. Pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) has been utilized in the management of osteoradionecrosis and as prophylaxis for post-radiated head and neck oncology patients requiring an invasive dental procedure. This observational study aims to report the outcome of the prophylactic use of PENTO in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw after dental extractions in post-radiated oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients and to review the current literature on this topic. Four post-radiated oral and oropharyngeal oncology patients were referred to the dental oncology clinic of the University Dental Practice, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center for dental extractions. All four patients were prescribed pentoxifylline 400 mg BID (twice a day) and tocopherol 400 IU BID (oral tablets) for 2 weeks before extraction(s) and for 6 weeks after extraction(s). All patients were followed up every week after the second week post-extraction if feasible until the extraction site(s) healed (covered by mucosa). The assessment endpoint was defined as 6 weeks post-extraction with the outcomes assessed as using four categories determined by the area of exposed bone: complete healing (complete mucosal coverage of extraction site); partial healing (reduction in size of extraction site); no change; and progression (increase in size of the extraction site). At the assessment endpoint, all patients had complete healing of all extraction sites. The ORN rate at the patient level (0/4) and individual tooth level (0/8) was 0%. All patients tolerated the PENTO medications and no adverse effects from the use of these medications were reported. This limited study in addition to the other reviewed studies estimates the rate of ORN at the patient level as 3.2% (14/436) for post-radiated head and neck oncology patients after dental extractions/invasive oral procedures. In conclusion, this PENTO regimen can reduce/prevent the incidence of ORN in post-radiated head and neck oncology patients. This safe and cost-effective protocol (PENTO regimen) should be further evaluated as prophylaxis for post-radiated head and neck oncology patients requiring an invasive dental procedure. We recommend large prospective studies to be carried out to further validate these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chewing Function with Efficiency Tests in Subjects Wearing Clear Aligners

by Luca Levrini, Alessandro Deppieri, Andrea Carganico, Giorgia Rodigari, Stefano Saran, Piero Antonio Zecca, Marco Cicciù and Salvatore Bocchieri

Dent. J. 2024, 12(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12030057 - 1 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1801

Abstract

This study assessed the masticatory function of participants wearing clear aligners in order to determine whether these devices can be worn even when eating and therefore worn to extend treatment time and boost treatment effectiveness. An intercontrol test was conducted on 20 patients [...] Read more.

This study assessed the masticatory function of participants wearing clear aligners in order to determine whether these devices can be worn even when eating and therefore worn to extend treatment time and boost treatment effectiveness. An intercontrol test was conducted on 20 patients who received Invisalign^® treatment. Each participant was instructed to chew two pieces of Hue-Check Gum^® chewing gum (one pink and the other blue) in 5, 10, and 20 cycles both with and without aligners. After being removed from the oral cavity, the gum was dried and pressed using a 1 × 50 × 50 mm model that was 3D printed with a transparent layer in between. After being scanned on both sides with a flatbed scanner at 600 dpi, the samples were saved as jpg files and subjected to an optoelectronic examination using ViewGum software. To validate the procedure, a control group from a different institution (University of Bern) was used. A statistical analysis of the data was carried out. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to confirm the normality of the samples. A one-way ANOVA test, a homogeneity of variance test, and a t-test did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two control groups, thus validating the methodology employed. In summary, clear aligners do not radically change the masticatory function while they are worn. As a result, clinicians can exploit the aligners for chewing to obtain a better fit of the plastic material to the dental surface and to attachments. Treatment times for patients could also be shorter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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19 pages, 5623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical and Biological Validation of an Allogeneous Cancellous Bone Block for Alveolar Maxillary Ridge Reconstruction: A Case Series

by Alexandre Perez, Elena Pierantozzi, Roberto Di Felice and Tommaso Lombardi

Dent. J. 2024, 12(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12020042 - 19 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1794

Abstract

This exploratory case series clinically and histologically investigated the performance of allogeneic cancellous freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) bone blocks (Maxgraft^®) for the lateral augmentation of local alveolar defects in the posterior maxilla as part of two-staged implant therapy. Five patients receiving [...] Read more.

This exploratory case series clinically and histologically investigated the performance of allogeneic cancellous freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) bone blocks (Maxgraft^®) for the lateral augmentation of local alveolar defects in the posterior maxilla as part of two-staged implant therapy. Five patients receiving eight implants 5 months after block augmentation with a follow-up period of up to 3 years were documented and analyzed. Horizontal alveolar dimensions before and 5 months after block augmentation were quantified using CBCT. Radiographic marginal bone level changes were quantified at implant placement, loading, and 1 year post-placement. Graft integration and resorption were histologically qualitatively evaluated from core biopsies retrieved at implant placement. Block augmentations resulted in a pronounced horizontal median bone gain of 7.0 (5.5 to 7.8) mm. Marginal implant bone levels in block-augmented bone remained constant over the 1 year follow-up period. Block grafts appeared histologically well integrated. Histologic analysis also revealed signs of progressive resorption and new bone formation at the lateral aspects of the grafts. The results of this case series support using Maxgraft^® cancellous FDBA blocks as suitable materials for the lateral augmentation of local alveolar defects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 3827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Methods of Scan Alignment in Erosive Tooth Wear Measurements: An In Vitro Study

by Nikolaos Loumprinis, Stavroula Michou and Christos Rahiotis

Dent. J. 2024, 12(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12020034 - 5 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1935

Abstract

Background: Model alignment in cases of erosive tooth wear can be challenging, and no method has been reported to outweigh the others. Methods: Extracted human teeth were mounted on two models and scanned at different times, from 1 h to 2 weeks, with [...] Read more.

Background: Model alignment in cases of erosive tooth wear can be challenging, and no method has been reported to outweigh the others. Methods: Extracted human teeth were mounted on two models and scanned at different times, from 1 h to 2 weeks, with an intraoral scanner (3Shape TRIOS 4) before and after immersion in Monster^® energy drink and tap water. The scans were superimposed (3Shape TRIOS Patient Monitoring, Version 2.2.3.3, 3Shape A/S, Copengagen, Denmark). Best fit, best-fit tooth comparison, reference best fit using fillings, and palatal rugae as reference points were used for alignment. Surface profile differences were calculated in a cross-section view. The nonparametric Bland–Altman and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Results: First, statistically significant differences were marked after 4 days of immersion. The measurements obtained after 2 weeks of immersion were statistically significantly different from the measurements obtained at the different time points until 1 week. No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the alignment methods at any time. Conclusion: In comparison to the best-fit model, both palatal rugae and fillings can be used. The best-fit tooth comparison method is a reliable option; however, it should be used with caution in cases of major surface loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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10 pages, 1913 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lower Incisor—Pg: A New Cephalometric Parameter to Evaluate the Anterior Limit of Dentition

by Marzio Galdi, Federica Di Spirito, Alessandra Amato, Davide Cannatà, Roberto Rongo and Stefano Martina

Dent. J. 2023, 11(11), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11110264 - 10 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1897

Abstract

Background: This present retrospective study aimed to introduce Lower Incisor—Pg and to assess how this new parameter varies with the skeletal sagittal and vertical relationships. Methods: A total of 1256 cephalometric analyses were performed using lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample [...] Read more.

Background: This present retrospective study aimed to introduce Lower Incisor—Pg and to assess how this new parameter varies with the skeletal sagittal and vertical relationships. Methods: A total of 1256 cephalometric analyses were performed using lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of subjects divided according to SN^Go-Gn, ANPg^, and IMPA measurements. The differences in Lower Incisor—Pg between the groups were assessed through ANOVA tests and posthoc analyses, while Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations between the measurements. Results: The mesofacial growth pattern (61.0%) was more common than dolichofacial (30.0%) and brachyfacial (8.6%) ones in the sampled population. Regarding skeletal sagittal relationships, Class I was more frequent (70.9%) than Class II (19.3%) and Class III (9.8%). The mean value of the Lower Incisor—Pg was 3.2 ± 4.0 mm. Linear regression showed that the β coefficient was 0.45 and 0.36 for ANPg^ and SnGoGn^, respectively. Conclusions: Lower Incisor—Pg is a linear cephalometric measurement to evaluate the lower incisor sagittal position. For each degree of increase in ANPg^ and SNGoGn^, the Lower Incisor—Pg increased 0.45 mm and 0.36 mm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Behavior of Repaired Monolithic Crowns: A 3D Finite Element Analysis

by Pablo Machado Soares, Lucas Saldanha da Rosa, Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Marilia Pivetta Rippe, Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva, Albert J. Feilzer, Cornelis J. Kleverlaan and João Paulo Mendes Tribst

Dent. J. 2023, 11(11), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11110254 - 31 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2542

Abstract

This study evaluated the mechanical behavior and risk of failure of three CAD-CAM crowns repaired with different resin composites through a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Three-dimensional models of different cusp-repaired (conventional nanohybrid, bulk-fill, and flowable resin composites) crowns made of zirconia, lithium [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the mechanical behavior and risk of failure of three CAD-CAM crowns repaired with different resin composites through a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Three-dimensional models of different cusp-repaired (conventional nanohybrid, bulk-fill, and flowable resin composites) crowns made of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and CAD-CAM resin composite were designed, fixed at the cervical level, and loaded in 100 N at the working cusps, including the repaired one. The models were analyzed to determine the Maximum Principal and Maximum Shear stresses (MPa). Complementary, an in vitro shear bond strength test (n = 10) was performed to calculate the risk of failure for each experimental group. The stress distribution among the models was similar when considering the same restorative material. The crown material affected the stress concentration, which was higher for the ceramic models (±9 MPa for shear stress; ±3 MPa for tensile stress) than for the CAD-CAM composite (±7 MPa for shear stress; ±2 MPa for tensile stress). The shear bond strength was higher for the repaired CAD-CAM resin composite (±17 MPa) when compared to the ceramics (below 12 MPa for all groups), while the repair materials showed similar behavior for each substrate. The stress distribution is more homogenous for repaired resin composite crowns, and a flowable direct resin composite seems suitable to repair ceramic crowns with less risk of failure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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12 pages, 2516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinicoradiopathologic Analysis of Odontomas: A Retrospective Study of 242 Cases

by Katherine A. DeColibus, D. Shane Rasner, Osariemen Okhuaihesuyi and Adepitan A. Owosho

Dent. J. 2023, 11(11), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11110253 - 30 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2365

Abstract

Odontomas are considered hamartomatous lesions and are one of the two most common odontogenic tumors of the jaw. Odontomas are classified as compound or complex. Recently, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and ameloblastic fibro-dentinoma were reclassified as developing odontomas. Though clinically odontomas are usually asymptomatic, [...] Read more.

Odontomas are considered hamartomatous lesions and are one of the two most common odontogenic tumors of the jaw. Odontomas are classified as compound or complex. Recently, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and ameloblastic fibro-dentinoma were reclassified as developing odontomas. Though clinically odontomas are usually asymptomatic, they have adverse effects on adjacent teeth such as tooth impaction, delayed eruption, displacement of teeth, over-retention of teeth, and can give rise to odontogenic cysts within the jaw. We sought to evaluate the clinicoradiopathologic presentations of odontomas by collecting and analyzing the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data of odontomas diagnosed in our institution from 2013 to 2022. Over this 10-year period, there were 242 patients with a histopathological and/or radiographic diagnosis of odontoma. There was no gender predilection and ages ranged from 3 to 101 years (median, 14 years). The second decade of life was the most prevalent (57.4%). There was no jaw predilection; however, the anterior jaw was the most common location. Ninety-four (38.8%) cases presented with clinical findings. The most common finding was tooth impaction (n = 83). Nine (3.7%) cases were histopathologically confirmed to be associated with other lesions such as dentigerous cysts (n = 8) and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 1). The median age (25 years) of patients diagnosed with odontomas associated with cysts was older than patients with odontomas (14 years) without associated cysts. Compound odontomas were the most common type of odontoma compared to complex and AFOs with 71.4%, 26.6%, and 2%, respectively. The majority of compound odontomas involved the anterior jaw (69.3%) and mandible (54.9%) while the majority of complex odontomas involved the posterior jaw (59.6%) and maxilla (54.7%). The four AFOs were in the posterior jaw and 75% involved the maxilla. The median age (12 years) of patients diagnosed with AFO was the youngest compared to patients diagnosed with compound (13 years) and complex (16 years). In conclusion, we analyzed the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of 242 new cases of odontomas. Our study reaffirms that odontomas frequently affect the pediatric population and can disrupt their dentition. Based on the result of this study, our clinical recommendation to prevent problems to adjacent teeth from odontomas is for dentists to be apt in the diagnose of odontomas to ensure that they are surgically removed in a timely manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Surgical Technique on Post-Operative Complications in the Extraction of the Lower Third Molar: A Retrospective Study

by Massimo Albanese, Alessandro Zangani, Federica Manfrin, Dario Bertossi, Rachele De Manzoni, Nicolò Tomizioli, Paolo Faccioni and Alessia Pardo

Dent. J. 2023, 11(10), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11100238 - 17 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2461

Abstract

The surgical extraction of the impacted third molar is frequently associated with several complications. The purpose of this study is to assess how two different surgical protocols affect post-operative complications during the extraction of the lower impacted third molars. In order to compare [...] Read more.

The surgical extraction of the impacted third molar is frequently associated with several complications. The purpose of this study is to assess how two different surgical protocols affect post-operative complications during the extraction of the lower impacted third molars. In order to compare and evaluate two different techniques (triangular flap vs. envelope flap), and the relative post-extraction complications, two groups of 150 patients each underwent to surgical impacted third molar extraction and 60 days of follow-up. The complication rate in the two groups was 14.00% in group A and 17.33% in group B. There was a strong association between smoking (OR: 2.8) and the use of oral contraceptives (OR: 1.75) with complications. The age- and sex-related incidence of complications in hard tissue healing has great variability in the literature; the analysis performed on our data did not show a statistically significant association between them. Even though related to a higher incidence of transient changes in sensitivity, it was found that the envelope flap saw a lower percentage of complications. There is still no clarity on which is the best protocol for the extraction of the lower impacted third molar, and the choice often depends on the surgeon’s experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

11 pages, 686 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supernumerary Tooth Patterns in Non-Syndromic White European Subjects

by Eva Henninger, Luca Friedli, Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis, Vasileios F. Zymperdikas, Moschos A. Papadopoulos, Georgios Kanavakis and Nikolaos Gkantidis

Dent. J. 2023, 11(10), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11100230 - 25 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2706

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth form at an incidence of about 3% in the population, with differences among races and various clinical consequences. Information on detailed patterns, and especially on white subjects, is scarce in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patterns of non-syndromic [...] Read more.

Supernumerary teeth form at an incidence of about 3% in the population, with differences among races and various clinical consequences. Information on detailed patterns, and especially on white subjects, is scarce in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patterns of non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth in a white European population. A record review was performed in different orthodontic clinics and identified 207 eligible individuals with 258 supernumerary teeth. Approximately 80% of the subjects had one supernumerary tooth, while 15% had two. Supernumerary tooth formation was more often evident in males (male/female: 1.65). However, there was no sexual dimorphism in its severity. The following pattern sequences, with decreasing prevalence order, were observed in the maxilla: 21 > 11 > 12 > 18 > 28 and in the mandible: 34 > 44 > 35 > 45 > 42. Supernumerary teeth were most often unilaterally present, without sexual dimorphism. In the maxilla, they were more often anteriorly present, whereas in the mandible, an opposite tendency was observed. Supernumerary teeth were consistently more often observed in the maxilla than in the mandible; 74% were impacted, 80% had normal orientation (13% horizontal, 7% inverted), and 53% had normal size. The present thorough supernumerary tooth pattern assessment enables a better understanding of this condition with clinical, developmental, and evolutionary implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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Review

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35 pages, 2988 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Temporomandibular Joint and the Human Body: A New Perspective on Cross Talk

by Marwa M. S. Abbass, Dina Rady, Sara El Moshy, Israa Ahmed Radwan, Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan, Christof E. Dörfer and Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed

Dent. J. 2024, 12(11), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12110357 - 8 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1094

Abstract

Background: As a unique joint that facilitates the articulation of the upper and lower jaws, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is concerned with several critical functions, such as speech and mastication. Pain that can become incapacitating is a result of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), which [...] Read more.

Background: As a unique joint that facilitates the articulation of the upper and lower jaws, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is concerned with several critical functions, such as speech and mastication. Pain that can become incapacitating is a result of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), which are complex disorders affecting the masticatory muscles and the TMJ. Several anomalies and TMDs have an interdisciplinary relationship. Complementary and concurrent disorders may be caused by occlusal anomalies, psychological disorders, and changes in spine posture. Methods: This article examines the clinical characteristics of TMDs, their classification, their etiological factors, and the impact of TMJ disorders on the human body with reference to their anatomies and histological structures. Results: The clinical picture of some TMJ pathologies may be unknown, so certain biomarkers, such as cytokines, may be useful for an accurate diagnosis as they are frequently seen in TMJ disorders. Furthermore, novel therapeutic approaches that target pro-inflammatory cytokines and treat TMDs by using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine while permitting TMJ cartilage and bone regeneration may offer numerous benefits that require clinical translation. Conclusions: Implementation of recent modalities such as microvesicles and platelet-rich plasma in growth factors may provide a promising approach to enhance bone formation. In addition, we target different biological markers that give insights into the introduction of new pharmaceutical agents for therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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24 pages, 679 KiB

Open AccessReview

Glide Path in Endodontics: A Literature Review of Current Knowledge

by Vlad Mircea Lup, Giulia Malvicini, Carlo Gaeta, Simone Grandini and Gabriela Ciavoi

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080257 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1915

Abstract

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation [...] Read more.

The introduction of nickel–titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation of a glide path has been advocated and recommended by most rotary instrument manufacturers. The aim of the present review is to summarize existing knowledge on glide path preparation and identify areas where further research is needed. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instruments used in glide path preparation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The secondary goal is to explore the effect of glide path creation on the overall success of endodontic treatment, particularly in terms of reducing procedural errors and improving treatment outcomes. An online search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, UCLA, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 116 articles were identified. Eligible articles were divided into nine categories based on what they researched and compared. The categories included centering ability and/or root canal transportation, cyclic fatigue resistance, glide path and shaping time, tortional stress resistance, apical extrusion of debris and/or bacteria, defects in dentine walls, file separation, postoperative pain assessment, and scouting ability and performance. Establishing a glide path reduces root canal transportation, especially with rotary methods. Reciprocating and heat-treated files offer higher fatigue resistance and shorter preparation time. Instruments with shorter pitch lengths have greater torsional strength. Preparation and coronal preflaring reduce apical debris and bacteria. Glide paths do not affect dentine microcracks, file separation, or defects but reduce immediate postoperative pain and improve cutting ability. Randomized trials are needed to assess their impact on treatment outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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15 pages, 2245 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prevention of Dental Caries: A Review on the Improvements of Toothpaste Formulations from 1900 to 2023

by Patrick Unterbrink, Erik Schulze zur Wiesche, Frederic Meyer, Pascal Fandrich, Bennett T. Amaechi and Joachim Enax

Dent. J. 2024, 12(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12030064 - 4 Mar 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5533

Abstract

Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. [...] Read more.

Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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Other

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28 pages, 2658 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Conservative versus Invasive Approaches in Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

by Manuel Sá, Carlos Faria and Daniel Humberto Pozza

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080244 - 31 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1100

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently cause orofacial pain and dysfunction, with treatment options spanning from conservative therapies to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of conservative, minimally invasive interventions and [...] Read more.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently cause orofacial pain and dysfunction, with treatment options spanning from conservative therapies to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of conservative, minimally invasive interventions and surgical procedures in patients diagnosed with TMDs and disc displacement. Methods: Following PRISMA recommendations, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT). Data were synthesized in a table and evaluated through the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Results: Thirty-eight RCTs, most with moderate RoB, were selected. Conservative approaches, including physical therapy and occlusal devices, led to an improvement in symptoms and function. Pharmacological treatments demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain and improving function; however, they can have undesirable side effects. Minimally invasive and invasive treatments also demonstrated efficacy, although most trials did not show their superiority to conservative treatments. Conclusion: The primary approach to TMDs should be a conservative, multimodal treatment plan tailored to patient complaints and characteristics. Treatment goals should focus on symptom control and functional recovery. Surgical treatment should be reserved for cases with a precise diagnosis and a clear etiology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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17 pages, 3654 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Interventions to Reduce Intra-Operative and Post-Operative Pain Associated with Routine Dental Procedures in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Mohammed A. Alzubaidi, Bernadette K. Drummond, Jianhua Wu, Adam Jones and Vishal R. Aggarwal

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060163 - 28 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

Objective: implementing appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate pain related to routine dental procedures in paediatric patients could enhance children’s ability to manage dental care. The aim of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of and provide recommendations for interventions that [...] Read more.

Objective: implementing appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate pain related to routine dental procedures in paediatric patients could enhance children’s ability to manage dental care. The aim of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of and provide recommendations for interventions that can be used to reduce intra-operative and post-operative pain associated with routine paediatric dental procedures. Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) was conducted. Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of the interventions using the Cohen’s d standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcomes. The GRADE tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence to make recommendations. Results: The review included forty-five RCTs comprising 3093 children. Thirty-seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, which showed the effectiveness of behavioural interventions (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI −0.83 to −0.18), mechanoreceptor and thermal receptor stimulation (SMD = −1.38, 95% CI −2.02 to −0.73) for intra-operative pain, and pre-emptive oral analgesics (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.33) for reducing post-operative pain in children receiving routine dental care. Conclusion: The GRADE results for these interventions were strong recommendation (IB) for their use, based on moderate evidence and their benefits far outweighing the harm, and they can be delivered readily with minimal training to reduce the pain experience of paediatric patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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11 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effect of Charcoal-Based Dentifrice and Conventional Whitening Toothpaste on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite Resin: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

by Cody A. Wiktorski, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis, P. Emile Rossouw and Fawad Javed

Dent. J. 2024, 12(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12030058 - 1 Mar 2024

Viewed by 2256

Abstract

The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the color stability (CS) and/or surface roughness (SR) of composite resin (CR). The question we focused on was “Do CbD and CWT [...] Read more.

The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the color stability (CS) and/or surface roughness (SR) of composite resin (CR). The question we focused on was “Do CbD and CWT affect the CS and/or SR of CR?” Indexed databases were searched without language and time restrictions up to and including May 2023 using different keywords. Original experimental studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies. Ten in vitro studies performed on CR were included. The number of CR samples assessed ranged between 18 and 200. In one study, CbDs altered the CS and SR of CR, whereas another study showed no difference in changes in the SR and CS of CR when CbDs were compared with CWTs. One study showed that compared with CWTs, CbDs caused changes in the CS of CR but changes in SR were similar between the two dentifrices. One study showed that CbDs and CWTs improved the overall color and enhanced the SR of CR. Three studies had a high RoB, five had a medium RoB, and two had a low RoB. Compared to CWTs, CbDs appeared to affect the CS of CR, but the SR of CR induced by both dentifrices remained consistent. Further well-designed and power-adjusted studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 956 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Predictors of Intra-Operative and Post-Operative Pain Associated with Routine Dental Procedures in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Mohammed A. Alzubaidi, Bernadette K. Drummond, Jianhua Wu, Adam Jones, Jinous F. Tahmassebi and Vishal R. Aggarwal

Dent. J. 2024, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12010004 - 25 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2093

Abstract

Background: Understanding predictors of pain associated with paediatric dental procedures could play an important role in preventing loss of cooperation, which often leads to the procedure having to be performed under general anaesthesia. Aim: We aimed to identify predictors of intra-operative and post-operative [...] Read more.

Background: Understanding predictors of pain associated with paediatric dental procedures could play an important role in preventing loss of cooperation, which often leads to the procedure having to be performed under general anaesthesia. Aim: We aimed to identify predictors of intra-operative and post-operative pain associated with routine dental procedures in children. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of observational studies was performed using electronic searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health via OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, which were meta-analysed to estimate the impact of dental procedures and anxiety on children’s pain perception. A meta-regression analysis was also performed to determine the relative effect of predictors on children’s pain perception measured as mean differences on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The search identified 532 articles; 53 were retrieved for full-text screening; 6 studies were included in the review; and 4 were eligible for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed the types of procedures that predicted intra-operative pain, with dental extractions being the most painful (Mean VAS Difference [MD] 46.51 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 40.40 to 52.62 mm). The meta-regression showed that pain scores for dental extractions were significantly higher than polishing (the least painful procedure (reference category)) by VAS MD = 23.80 mm (95% CI 5.13–42.46 mm, p-value = 0.012). It also showed that highly anxious children reported significantly higher pain scores during dental procedures by a 12.31 mm MD VAS score (95% CI 5.23–19.40 mm, p-value = 0.001) compared to those with low anxiety levels. Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates that the strongest predictors of intra-operative pain associated with paediatric dental procedures are dental extractions followed by drilling. Children with high anxiety also reported more pain for similar procedures. Tailoring interventions to reduce pain associated with paediatric dental procedures should be a priority for future research, as reducing pain can impact compliance and could reduce the need for general anaesthesia in dental treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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13 pages, 22796 KiB

Open AccessProtocol

Five Steps for the Maintenance and Interception of Complications in Zygomatic Implants

by Consuela Sanavia, Edoardo Vallerga, Fanny Alessi, Tiziano Tealdo, Marco Bevilacqua, Christian Alberti, Maria Menini and Paolo Pesce

Dent. J. 2023, 11(10), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11100226 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1893

Abstract

Zygomatic implants are used for the rehabilitation of the upper jaw of patients with severe and moderate bone atrophy. Possible post-surgical complications include soft tissue dehiscence, sinusitis, and prosthodontic fractures, and maintaining an accurate control is crucial. Additionally, zygomatic implants have a unique [...] Read more.

Zygomatic implants are used for the rehabilitation of the upper jaw of patients with severe and moderate bone atrophy. Possible post-surgical complications include soft tissue dehiscence, sinusitis, and prosthodontic fractures, and maintaining an accurate control is crucial. Additionally, zygomatic implants have a unique peri-implant anatomy, making traditional periodontal parameters unsuitable. The present paper aims to provide guidelines for the maintenance and interception of complications in patients rehabilitated with these kinds of implants. The proposed protocol includes: 1. intra/extraoral and temporo-mandibular joint examination; 2. soft tissue and transmucosal path observation with magnifiers; 3. peri-implant health indices and digital stimulation of tissues; 4. examination of prosthodontic devices; and 5. photographic recording. These steps facilitate the comprehensive evaluation and monitoring of clinical conditions of zygomatic-supported rehabilitations, including dehiscence and occlusal wear during follow-up appointments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)

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