Diagnostics

Editorial

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Open AccessEditorial

Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics

by Ivana Kholová

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071703 - 13 Jul 2022

Viewed by 1757

Abstract

Cyto-histopathological correlation is a key player in measuring quality in a quality programme [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

11 pages, 415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cervical Cytology–Histology Correlation Based on the American Society of Cytopathology Guideline (2017) at the Russian National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology

by Aleksandra Asaturova, Darya Dobrovolskaya, Alina Magnaeva, Anna Tregubova, Guldana Bayramova and Gennady Sukhikh

Diagnostics 2022, 12(1), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010210 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2568

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that a cytology–histology correlation (CHC) with discrepancy detection can both evaluate errors and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the cytologic method. We aimed to analyze the errors in cytologic–histologic discrepancies according to the CHC protocol guideline of the American [...] Read more.

Recent evidence suggests that a cytology–histology correlation (CHC) with discrepancy detection can both evaluate errors and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the cytologic method. We aimed to analyze the errors in cytologic–histologic discrepancies according to the CHC protocol guideline of the American Society of Cytopathology (2017). This retrospective study included 273 patients seen at the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (Moscow, Russia) between January 2019 and September 2021. The patients’ mean age was 34 ± 8.1 years. The cytology–histology agreement was noted in 158 cases (57.9%). Major discrepancies were found in 21 cases (7.6%), while minor discrepancies were noted in 93 cases (34.1%). The reason for 13 (4.8%) discrepancies was a colposcopy sampling error and, in 46 (16.8%) cases, the reason was a Papanicolaou (PAP) test sampling error. The discrepancy between primary and reviewed cytology was due interpretive errors in 13 (4.8%) cases and screening errors in 42 (15.4%) cases. We demonstrated that the ASC guidelines facilitate cervical CHC. A uniform application of these guidelines would standardize cervical CHCs internationally, provide a scope for the inter-laboratory comparison of data, and enhance self-learning and peer learning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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11 pages, 2099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology with Cytohistological Correlation and Risk of Malignancy Assessment

by Alexandros Pergaris, Dimitra Stefanou, Panagiota Keramari, Stylianos Sousouris, Nikolaos Kavantzas, Helen Gogas and Panagiota Mikou

Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122223 - 28 Nov 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4689

Abstract

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) classifies serous effusions into five categories: non-diagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of unknown significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and malignant (MAL). The main objectives of this classification comprise the establishment of [...] Read more.

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) classifies serous effusions into five categories: non-diagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of unknown significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and malignant (MAL). The main objectives of this classification comprise the establishment of a universal code of communication between cytopathologists and clinicians and histopathologists, as well as between different laboratories worldwide, paving the way for the setting of clinical management guidelines based on the risk of malignancy assessment for each diagnostic category. We retrieved the total number of pleural and peritoneal effusion cases of our department for the three-year time period between 2018 and 2020, yielding a total of 528 and 500 cases, respectively. We then proceeded to reclassify each specimen according to TIS guidelines and calculate the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category by searching each patients’ histology records, medical history and clinical follow-up. For pleural effusions, 3 (0.57%) cases were classified as ND, 430 (81.44%) cases as NFM, 15 (2.84%) as AUS, 15 (2.84%) as SFM and 65 (12.31%) as MAL. ROM amounted to 0%, 5.3%, 33.33%, 93.33% and 100% for each category, respectively. As far as peritoneal effusions are concerned, 6 (1.2%) were categorized as ND with ROM estimated at 16.66%, 347 (69.4%) as NFM (ROM = 9%), 13 (2.6%) as AUS (ROM = 38.46%), 12 (2.4%) as SFM (ROM = 83.33%) and 122 (24.4%) as MAL (ROM = 100%). Our results underline the utility of the current classification, both as a means of communication between doctors of different specialties and as general guidelines for the further clinical management of patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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16 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mutational Analysis and mtDNA Haplogroup Characterization in Three Serbian Cases of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies and Literature Review

by Phepy G. A. Dawod, Jasna Jancic, Ana Marjanovic, Marija Brankovic, Milena Jankovic, Janko Samardzic, Ayman Gamil Anwar Dawod, Ivana Novakovic, Fayda I. Abdel Motaleb, Vladimir Radlovic, Vladimir S. Kostic and Dejan Nikolic

Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 1969; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111969 - 23 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2875

Abstract

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (MEMP) are heterogeneous multisystem disorders frequently associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Clinical presentation varies considerably in age of onset, course, and severity up to death in early childhood. In this study, we performed molecular genetic analysis for mtDNA pathogenic mutation [...] Read more.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (MEMP) are heterogeneous multisystem disorders frequently associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Clinical presentation varies considerably in age of onset, course, and severity up to death in early childhood. In this study, we performed molecular genetic analysis for mtDNA pathogenic mutation detection in Serbian children, preliminary diagnosed clinically, biochemically and by brain imaging for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies disorders. Sanger sequencing analysis in three Serbian probands revealed two known pathogenic mutations. Two probands had a heteroplasmic point mutation m.3243A>G in the MT-TL1 gene, which confirmed mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode syndrome (MELAS), while a single case clinically manifested for Leigh syndrome had an almost homoplasmic (close to 100%) m.8993T>G mutation in the MT-ATP6 gene. After full mtDNA MITOMASTER analysis and PhyloTree build 17, we report MELAS’ association with haplogroups U and H (U2e and H15 subclades); likewise, the mtDNA-associated Leigh syndrome proband shows a preference for haplogroup H (H34 subclade). Based on clinical–genetic correlation, we suggest that haplogroup H may contribute to the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies’ phenotypic variability of the patients in our study. We conclude that genetic studies for the distinctive mitochondrial encephalomyopathies should be well-considered for realizing clinical severity and possible outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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16 pages, 1438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Concordance of PD-L1 Expression between Biopsies and Cytological Specimens in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

by Mohammed S. I. Mansour, Kim Hejny, Felicia Johansson, Joudy Mufti, Ante Vidis, Ulrich Mager, Annika Dejmek, Tomas Seidal and Hans Brunnström

Diagnostics 2021, 11(10), 1927; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101927 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2280

Abstract

PD-L1 expression assessed by immunohistochemical staining is used for the selection of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Appropriate validation of PD-L1 expression in cytology specimens is important as cytology is often the only diagnostic material in NSCLC. In a previous study [...] Read more.

PD-L1 expression assessed by immunohistochemical staining is used for the selection of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Appropriate validation of PD-L1 expression in cytology specimens is important as cytology is often the only diagnostic material in NSCLC. In a previous study comprising two different cohorts of paired biopsies and cytological specimens, we found a fairly good cyto-histological correlation of PD-L1 expression in one, whereas only a moderate correlation was found in the other cohort. Therefore, that cohort with additional new cases was now further investigated for the impact of preanalytical factors on PD-L1 concordance in paired biopsies and cytological specimens. A total of 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell blocks from 19 pleural effusions (PE), 17 bronchial brushes (BB), and 64 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and concurrent matched biopsies from 80 bronchial biopsies and 20 transthoracic core biopsies from NSCLC patients were stained using the PD-L1 28-8 assay. Using the cutoffs ≥1%, ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥50% positive tumour cells, the overall agreement between histology and cytology was 77–85% (κ 0.51–0.70) depending on the applied cutoff value. The concordance was better for BALs (κ 0.53–0.81) and BBs (κ 0.55–0.85) than for PEs (κ −0.16–0.48), while no difference was seen for different types of biopsies or histological tumour type. A high number of tumour cells (>500) in biopsies was associated with better concordance at the ≥50% cutoff. In conclusion, the study results suggest that PEs may be less suitable for evaluation of PD-L1 due to limited cyto-histological concordance, while a high amount of tumour cells in biopsies may be favourable when regarding cyto-histological PD-L1 concordance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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11 pages, 2646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Contributory Role of Cell Blocks in Salivary Gland Neoplasms Fine Needle Aspirations Classified by the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology

by Erkka Tommola, David Kalfert, Heli Hakso-Mäkinen and Ivana Kholová

Diagnostics 2021, 11(10), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101778 - 27 Sep 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

(1) Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced in 2018, bringing an organ-specific classification system for salivary gland cytopathology. The aim of present study is to evaluate the MSRSGC prospectively, based on a two-year experience in the tertiary [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced in 2018, bringing an organ-specific classification system for salivary gland cytopathology. The aim of present study is to evaluate the MSRSGC prospectively, based on a two-year experience in the tertiary care center pathology department, and evaluate the role of routine cell block (CB) preparation in salivary gland cytopathological diagnostics. (2) Methods: In our institution, the Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland, the MSRSGC has been implemented in salivary gland cytopathology since January 2018 and, over a two-year period (January 2018–December 2019), there were 365 fine-needle aspirations, of which 164 had a surgical follow-up. The CB methods used were Plasma-thrombin, the collection of visible fragments, and the Shandon and in-house methods. (3) Results: The MSRSGC diagnostic figures were as follows: accuracy 87.5%, sensitivity 45.8% and specificity 98.9%. For diagnostic categories of MSRSGC (non-neoplastic, benign neoplasm and malignant neoplasm) (n = 63) diagnostic accuracy was 98.4%, and for undetermined categories (atypia of undetermined significance, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential and suspicious for malignancy) (n = 49) diagnostic accuracy was 73.5%. Non-contributory cell blocks resulted more often in a false negative diagnosis (25%, 3/12) than a true negative diagnosis (10%, 7/73, p < 0.001), and is, most likely, an insufficient cytological diagnosis (86%, 18/21, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The application of MSRSGC and CBs are beneficial in salivary gland cytological diagnosis, increasing diagnostic accuracy and, thus, patients’ management and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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13 pages, 1049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constitutive Cytomorphologic Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Different Staining Methods

by Chih-Yi Liu, Chien-Chin Chen, Andrey Bychkov, Shipra Agarwal, Yun Zhu, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Weiwei Li, Zhiyan Liu, Deepali Jain, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Noel Chia, Min En Nga, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Somboon Keelawat, Shinya Satoh, Dilini Gunawardena, Priyanthi Kumarasinghe, Chan Kwon Jung and Kennichi Kakudo Show full author list Hide full author list

Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081396 - 2 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5546

Abstract

(1) Background: Accurate preoperative identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is challenging due to a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. However, there is a scarcity of studies describing the cytomorphologic features as seen on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears prepared using different staining methods. (2) [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Accurate preoperative identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is challenging due to a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. However, there is a scarcity of studies describing the cytomorphologic features as seen on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears prepared using different staining methods. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective study on MTC cases with available FNA slides from 13 hospitals distributed across 8 Asia-Pacific countries. The differences in the constitutive cytomorphologic features of MTC with each cytopreparatory method were recorded. A comparative analysis of cytologic characteristics was carried out with appropriate statistical tests. (3) Results: Of a total of 167 MTC samples retrospectively recruited, 148 (88.6%) were interpreted as MTC/suspicious for MTC (S-MTC). The staining methods used were Papanicolaou, hematoxylin-eosin, and Romanowsky stains. Seven out of the eleven cytologic criteria can be readily recognized by all three cytopreparatory methods: high cellularity, cellular pleomorphism, plasmacytoid cells, round cells, dyshesive cells, salt-and-pepper chromatin, and binucleation or multinucleation. An accurate diagnosis was achieved in 125 (84.5%) of the 148 samples whose FNAs exhibited five or more atypical features. Conclusions: The present work is the first study on MTC to compare the morphological differences among the cytologic staining techniques. We investigated the constitutive features and the reliability of diagnostic parameters. A feasible scoring system based upon cytomorphologic data alone is proposed to achieve a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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11 pages, 2721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Approach to Classification and Reporting of Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology: Application of the Proposed Sydney System

by Elena Vigliar, Gennaro Acanfora, Antonino Iaccarino, Massimo Mascolo, Daniela Russo, Giulia Scalia, Roberta Della Pepa, Claudio Bellevicine, Marco Picardi and Giancarlo Troncone

Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081314 - 21 Jul 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5909

Abstract

Fine-needle cytology (FNC) is a useful diagnostic tool in the first line evaluation of lymphadenopathy of unknown aetiology. Nevertheless, considering the large number of conditions presenting as lymphadenopathy, lymph node cytology represents a challenging scenario. Recently, an expert panel published the proposal of [...] Read more.

Fine-needle cytology (FNC) is a useful diagnostic tool in the first line evaluation of lymphadenopathy of unknown aetiology. Nevertheless, considering the large number of conditions presenting as lymphadenopathy, lymph node cytology represents a challenging scenario. Recently, an expert panel published the proposal of the Sydney system for performing classification and reporting of lymph node cytopathology; the aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of this system. Thus, 300 lymph node FNCs performed over 1 year were reviewed and categorized according to the Sydney system classification. Overall, n = 20 cases (6.7%) were categorized as L1-inadequate/non-diagnostic; n = 104 (34.7%) as benign (L2); n = 25 (8.3%) as atypical (L3); n = 13 (4.3%) as suspicious (L4), and n = 138 (46%) as malignant (L5). FNC diagnoses were correlated with histopathologic and clinical follow-up to assess the diagnostic accuracy and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category. Statistical analysis showed the following results: sensitivity 98.47%, specificity 95.33%, positive predictive value 96.27%, negative predictive value 98.08%, and accuracy 97.06%. The ROM was 50% for the category L1, 1.92% for L2, 58.3% for L3, and 100% for L4 and L5. In conclusion, FNC coupled with ancillary techniques ensures satisfactory diagnostic accuracy and the implementation of the Sydney system may improve the practice of cytopathologists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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12 pages, 2104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cytohistological Correlation in Pleural Effusions Based on the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology

by Daniel Pinto, Eduardo Cruz, Diamantina Branco, Cláudia Linares, Conceição Carvalho, Amélia Silva, Martinha Chorão and Fernando Schmitt

Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061126 - 20 Jun 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3608

Abstract

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS) was recently developed. Given its novelty, most studies looking into the risk of malignancy (ROM) of serous effusion diagnostic categories were published before the development of TIS. We searched the database of our department [...] Read more.

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS) was recently developed. Given its novelty, most studies looking into the risk of malignancy (ROM) of serous effusion diagnostic categories were published before the development of TIS. We searched the database of our department for pleural effusions diagnosed in the last five years, excluding those without a corresponding pleural biopsy. Cases were reviewed and reclassified according to the TIS. A cytohistological correlation was performed. In total, 350 pleural effusion specimens with one or more corresponding pleural biopsies were included. After reclassification, 5 (1.43%) were nondiagnostic (ND), 253 (72.29%) were negative for malignancy (NFM), 7 (2.00%) had atypia of unknown significance (AUS), 14 (4.00%) were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 71 (20.57%) were malignant (MAL). Calculated ROM was 40% for ND, 20.16% for NFM, 42.86% for AUS, 78.57% for SFM, and 100% for MAL. Effusion cytology sensitivity and specificity were 60.29% and 98.56%, respectively. This is the first publication looking into the cytohistological correlation of a retrospective cohort of pleural effusions based on the TIS. We add to the body of data regarding the ROM for TIS categories, highlighting areas of potential future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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19 pages, 3753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Cytology in the Diagnosis of Subcentimeter Thyroid Lesions

by Vincenzo Fiorentino, Marco Dell’ Aquila, Teresa Musarra, Maurizio Martini, Sara Capodimonti, Guido Fadda, Mariangela Curatolo, Emanuela Traini, Marco Raffaelli, Celestino Pio Lombardi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Luigi Maria Larocca, Liron Pantanowitz and Esther Diana Rossi

Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061043 - 6 Jun 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3098

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are common and typically detected by palpation and/or ultrasound (US). Guidelines have defined the management of large nodules, but controversy exists regarding nodules ≤ 1 cm. We evaluated a cohort of patients with subcentimeter nodules to determine their rate of malignancy [...] Read more.

Thyroid nodules are common and typically detected by palpation and/or ultrasound (US). Guidelines have defined the management of large nodules, but controversy exists regarding nodules ≤ 1 cm. We evaluated a cohort of patients with subcentimeter nodules to determine their rate of malignancy (ROM). A total of 475 thyroid FNAs of lesions ≤ 1 cm with available follow-up were identified from January 2015–December 2019. For comparative analysis, we added a control series of 606 thyroid lesions larger than 1 cm from the same reference period. All aspirates were processed with liquid-based cytology and classified according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Subcentimeter nodules were stratified as 35 category I—non-diagnostic cases (ND; 7.3%), 144 category II—benign lesions (BL; 30.3%), 12 category III—atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS; 2.5%), 12 category IV—follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN; 2.5%), 124 category V—suspicious for malignancy (SM; 26.1%), and 148 category VI—positive for malignancy (PM; 31.1%). A total of 307 cases (64.6%) underwent subsequent surgery. Only one ND and three BLs had a malignant outcome. ROM for indeterminate lesions (III + IV) was 3.2%; with 1.6% for category III and 3.2% for category IV. ROM for the malignant categories (V + VI) was 88.2%. The control cohort of lesions demonstrated a higher number of benign histological diagnoses (67.3%). We documented that 57.2% of suspected subcentimeter lesions were malignant, with a minor proportion that belonged in indeterminate categories. There were very few ND samples, suggesting that aspirates of subcentimeter lesions yield satisfactory results. Suspected US features in subcentimeter lesions should be evaluated and followed by an interdisciplinary team for appropriate patient management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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9 pages, 416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Three Slides Pap Test Compared to Punch Biopsy and Endocervical Curettage in Confirmed HSIL+ Diagnosis

by Roberta Rubeša-Mihaljević, Danijela Vrdoljak-Mozetič, Morana Dinter, Damjana Verša Ostojić, Snježana Štemberger-Papić and Marko Klarić

Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060942 - 25 May 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2720

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnostic Pap test (DPT) on three slides and punch biopsy and endocervical curettage (PB/ECC) compared with the final biopsy material in the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Materials [...] Read more.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnostic Pap test (DPT) on three slides and punch biopsy and endocervical curettage (PB/ECC) compared with the final biopsy material in the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Materials and methods: Patients treated with conization after previous DPT and PB/ECC were analyzed. The findings of the DPT and PB/ECC as well as of the endocervical brush cytology and ECC were compared with the final conus histology. Results: 150 patients were analyzed, and final histology verified 145 cases of HSIL and 3 cancers. The percentage of confirmed HSIL cytology was 97%, while for PB/ECC it was 79% with 30/145 false negative results. The correlation between Pap test and PB/ECC showed that the diagnostic accuracy of DPT is significantly higher (p < 0.0001). Endocervical brush cytology confirmed HSIL+ in the endocervical canal in 83% and ECC in 35% of cases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The DPT on three slides enables better detection of HSIL compared to PB/ECC, particularly for lesions localized in the endocervical canal sampled with a cytobrush. A high quality DPT could represent a surrogate for PB/ECC and open the possibility of direct access to therapeutic procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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Review

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14 pages, 859 KiB

Open AccessReview

Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): Tumour Entity with a Short History. A Review on Challenges in Our Microscopes, Molecular and Ultrasonographic Profile

by Ivana Kholová, Elina Haaga, Jaroslav Ludvik, David Kalfert and Marie Ludvikova

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020250 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4379

Abstract

Since Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) was introduced as a new thyroid tumour entity, many studies, and meta-analyses on diagnosing NIFTP have been published. NIFTP-revised histopathological criteria emerged in 2018. NIFTP is defined as a histological entity and its [...] Read more.

Since Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) was introduced as a new thyroid tumour entity, many studies, and meta-analyses on diagnosing NIFTP have been published. NIFTP-revised histopathological criteria emerged in 2018. NIFTP is defined as a histological entity and its diagnosis requires a careful histological examination. Its molecular profile is similar to follicular-like tumours. Ultrasound features are unable to differentiate NIFTP. NIFTP is not a cytological diagnosis, but it influences the risk of malignancy in several categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology terminology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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18 pages, 71262 KiB

Open AccessReview

INSM1, a Novel Biomarker for Detection of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Cytopathologists’ View

by Zahra Maleki, Akash Nadella, Mohnish Nadella, Gopi Patel, Shivni Patel and Ivana Kholová

Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122172 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4221

Abstract

Background: Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been considered as a novel immunostain for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and is hypothesized to be more reliable than first-generation NET biomarkers, such as CGA (chromogranin A), SYP (synaptophysin) and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule). In this review, [...] Read more.

Background: Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been considered as a novel immunostain for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and is hypothesized to be more reliable than first-generation NET biomarkers, such as CGA (chromogranin A), SYP (synaptophysin) and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule). In this review, we summarize existing literature on INSM1′s reliability as an immunostain for detection of various NETs, its results in comparison to first-generation NET biomarkers, and its expression in both non-NETs and benign tissues/cells on cytology specimens (cell blocks/smears). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histopathological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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