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Diagnostics
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Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy
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Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 11612

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sang Hoon Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Interests: urological disease; urolithiasis; pediatric urological disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first endoscope was developed in 1853 by Antoine Jean Desormeaux of France. It was an instrument to examine the urethra and bladder. Since then, endoscopy has been adopted in almost all medical fields. The world’s smallest 3D-printed miniature endoscope with a width of less than 0.5 mm can scan the inside of blood vessels, and medical endoscopes are literally traveling around in every corner of the human body through the laparoscopic, gastrointestinal, airway, intracranial, and urogenital tracts. Advances in optical imaging techniques, anesthetic methods and sedative methods have enabled the broader use of various endoscopic interventions in medical diagnostics, even in pediatric patients, infants, and fetuses. The frontiers in medicine are actively practicing minimally invasive endoscopic approaches in their specialties with enthusiasm. This Special Issue on “Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy” will cover all aspects of endoscopic devices and their role as diagnostic tools and/or interventional apparatus in diverse fields of medicine. I sincerely hope all readers will explore the splendor of the universe within ourselves through this Special Issue.

Dr. Sang Hoon Song
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endoscopy
  • laparoscopic endoscopy
  • gastroenteroscopy
  • cystoscopy
  • ureteroscopy
  • microlaryngobronchoscopy
  • endoscopic third ventriculostomy

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 778 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Patients with Laryngomalacia: A Tertiary Referral Center Experience of 106 Cases
by Sergii Bredun, Michal Kotowski, Jakub Mezydlo and Jaroslaw Szydlowski
Diagnostics 2023, 13(20), 3180; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203180 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Laryngomalacia (LM) is the most common airway congenital anomaly and the main cause of stridor in infants. Some patients with severe airway symptoms or with feeding difficulties require surgical intervention. Synchronous airway lesions (SALs) may influence the severity and course of the disease. [...] Read more.
Laryngomalacia (LM) is the most common airway congenital anomaly and the main cause of stridor in infants. Some patients with severe airway symptoms or with feeding difficulties require surgical intervention. Synchronous airway lesions (SALs) may influence the severity and course of the disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various types of LM and SALs and their influence on surgical intervention decisions and feeding difficulties. Moreover, the study focused on the interrelations between SALs and the type of LM or the presence of feeding difficulties. A retrospective analysis of 106 pediatric patients revealed a significant relationship between type 2 LM and the necessity of surgical treatment. We also found a significant effect of LM type 2 on feeding difficulty. Type 1 LM is significantly more characteristic in premature children. Among different comorbidities, SALs are suspected of modification of the course and severity of LM. This study did not find a significant effect of SALs on the incidence of supraglottoplasty or feeding difficulty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy)
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11 pages, 3556 KiB  
Article
Comparing Outcomes of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy in Newborns and Infants
by Tsung-Jung Tsai, Ching-Min Lin, I Nok Cheang, Yao-Jen Hsu, Chin-Hun Wei, Tai-Wai Chin, Chin-Yen Wu, Wen-Yuan Chang and Yu-Wei Fu
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030529 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3861
Abstract
Background: As surgical techniques progress, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is now performed more often in premature babies. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of newborns and infants who underwent single-incision laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (SILH) at our center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients [...] Read more.
Background: As surgical techniques progress, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is now performed more often in premature babies. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of newborns and infants who underwent single-incision laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (SILH) at our center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 12 months old who received SILH at our department from 2016 to 2020. SILH involved a 5 mm 30-degree scope and 3 mm instruments with a 3-0 Silk purse-string intracorporeal suture for closure of the internal ring. At the time of surgery, Group 1 newborns, whose corrected age was 2 months and below, were compared to the Group 2 infants, whose age was above 2 months. We assessed the patients’ characteristics, anesthesia, surgical data, and complications. Results: A total of 197 patients were included (114 newborns in Group 1 and 83 infants in Group 2). The mean age and body weight in Group 1 were 1.2 months and 3.8 kg, respectively, whereas in Group 2, they were 3.2 months and 6.7 kg, respectively. There were no significant differences in operative time (Group 1 = 34.1 min vs. Group 2 = 32.3 min, p = 0.26), anesthetic time (Group 1 = 80.0 min vs. Group 2 = 76.3 min, p = 0.07), length of hospitalization (Group 1 = 2.3 days vs. Group 2 = 2.4 days, p = 0.88), postoperative complications including omphalitis (Group 1 = 5.3% vs. Group 2 = 1.2%, p = 0.13), wound infection (Group 1 = 0.9% vs. Group 2 = 1.2%, p = 0.81), and hydrocele (Group 1 = 0.35% vs. Group 2 = 8.4%, p = 0.14). No recurrence, testicular ascent or atrophy, or mortality was observed in either group during the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Single-incision laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is a safe and effective operation for inguinal hernia repair in infants, even those with prematurity, lower body weight at the time of surgery, or cardiac and/or pulmonary comorbidities. Comparable results revealed no significant differences in perioperative complications despite younger ages and lower body weights. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy)
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13 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study
by Aleksander Zwierz, Krzysztof Domagalski, Krystyna Masna and Paweł Burduk
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1734; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071734 - 17 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4326
Abstract
Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of endoscopic assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil in defining the size of the adenoid hypertrophy in endoscopic examination that would be equivalent to intraoperative assessment as a large adenoid, and to determine the lowest necessary frequency of tests [...] Read more.
Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of endoscopic assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil in defining the size of the adenoid hypertrophy in endoscopic examination that would be equivalent to intraoperative assessment as a large adenoid, and to determine the lowest necessary frequency of tests to assess the variability of its size. Methods: The study is based on an analysis of two groups of children diagnosed and treated in a children’s ENT outpatient clinic and ENT department. In the first group, adenoid size was assessed based on flexible endoscopy, and then with a consequent adenoid surgery with assessment of the intraoperative size of the adenoid, we compared the size of the adenoid. The second part of the study included a group of 81 children. We analyzed performed flexible nasopharyngoscopy examinations (FNE) of each child, and compared the change of adenoid size in a minimum of two subsequent examinations over a period of 1 year or more. Results: The sensitivity of flexible endoscopic examination in the assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil was determined at 97.3%, and specificity at 72.7%. The ROC curve shows the value of adenoid-to-choana (A/C) ratio as 75% or more in the preoperative FNE, indicating that the tonsil during surgery is assessed as large. Among the children, 26.3% had a change in adenoid size of more than 15% in the A/C ratio in 1 year of observation, and 45% of the children had A/C ratio changed above 15% in a period of 3 years of observation. Conclusions: FNE examination is highly effective in assessing the size of the pharyngeal tonsil. We proposed a schema for frequencies of FNE examinations and treatment dependent on A/C ratio and worsening of ailments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy)
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9 pages, 1704 KiB  
Case Report
Splenic Torsion in Heterotaxy Syndrome with Left Isomerism: A Case Report and Literature Review
by I Nok Cheang, Yu-Wei Fu, Tai-Wai Chin, Yao-Jen Hsu and Chin-Yen Wu
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 2920; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122920 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
Splenic torsion is an unusual condition that results in congenital abnormality, especially in the visceral abnormal arrangement. We report the case of an 8.5-year-old boy with features in the right upper quadrant. Radiological investigations revealed heterotaxy syndrome with polysplenia and a hypodense tumor [...] Read more.
Splenic torsion is an unusual condition that results in congenital abnormality, especially in the visceral abnormal arrangement. We report the case of an 8.5-year-old boy with features in the right upper quadrant. Radiological investigations revealed heterotaxy syndrome with polysplenia and a hypodense tumor in the right upper quadrant adjacent to several spleens. We initially treated it as an intra-abdominal tumor. Laparoscopy was performed to check the tumor condition and revealed a congestive tumor located in the abdomen of the right upper quadrant below the central liver, which was suspected to be a torsion spleen without attaching ligaments. Laparoscopic splenectomy was successfully carried out without complications. The pathological report shows splenic tissue with hemorrhagic infarction. Physicians should be vigilant of the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen in adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy)
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