Advances in Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment before and after COVID-19

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 1337

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Head of Research Management Department, Professor of Faculty Therapy Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
Interests: prevention and vaccination; immunological features; infectious diseases; global health; tuberculosis; COVID-19; autoimmunity; ASIA-syndrome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At the beginning of the 21st century, tuberculosis remained a pressing issue that received attention at various levels. Being one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it is still a marker of the country's social and economic well-being.

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) introduced significant adjustments to TB care programs around the globe, which has affected the detection of new cases of TB in all countries of the world and the mortality due to the infection. COVID-19 had a significant impact not only on the diagnosis of TB infection but the change in the immune status of TB patients.

However, questions relating to TB infection diagnosis can affect an increase in the mortality rate in TB patients and it can affect an increase in tuberculosis in the future. The specificity of the features of the immune response in patients with COVID-19 showed the presence of similar characteristics of the cellular component of the immune response which can lead to a severe course of tuberculosis.

Currently, one of the main tasks in the fight against the global problem of tuberculosis is the issue of the availability of anti-tuberculosis treatment for patients. TB patients with MDR and XDR TB are the most difficult category of patients with comorbidity in 74% of cases, including 6% of cases occurring with an HIV infection. In the conditions of the continued growth of multiple- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, the use of the new highly effective anti-tuberculosis drugs in this patient category is of great relevance.

Prof. Dr. Anna Starshinova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis, pathogenesis
  • coronavirus infection, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, the immune response cells, treatment efficacy
  • multidrug resistance
  • extensive drug resistance
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis, autoimmunity

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
A Key Role of CD8+ T Cells in Controlling of Tuberculosis Infection
by Igor Kudryavtsev, Yulia Zinchenko, Maria Serebriakova, Tatiana Akisheva, Artem Rubinstein, Andrei Savchenko, Alexandr Borisov, Vasilij Belenjuk, Anna Malkova, Piotr Yablonskiy, Dmitry Kudlay and Anna Starshinova
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2961; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182961 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1104
Abstract
The main role in the control of tuberculosis infection is played by macrophages and Th1 and CD8+ T cells. The study aimed to identify the most diagnostically significant CD8+ T cell subsets in tuberculosis patients. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with clinical, [...] Read more.
The main role in the control of tuberculosis infection is played by macrophages and Th1 and CD8+ T cells. The study aimed to identify the most diagnostically significant CD8+ T cell subsets in tuberculosis patients. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with clinical, radiological, and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB, n = 32) and healthy subjects (HC, n = 31) were collected and analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. Results: The frequency of the EM4 CD3+CD8+ cells was reduced in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, while the relative and absolute number of EM1 CD3+CD8+ cells increased compared to the control group. CD57 expression was reduced in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis on EM1, EM2, and pE1 CD3+CD8+ cells, whereas the EM3 cells had a high level of CD57 expression. The relative and absolute number of Tc2 (CCR6–CXCR3–) cells in peripheral blood in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was increased, while the frequency of Tc1 (CCR6–CXCR3+) was decreased, compared to healthy donors. Conclusions: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have an abnormal CD3+CD8+ cell profile and demonstrate their impaired maturation and functional activity. Full article
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