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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
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Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 4300

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea De Martino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, AUSL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Cecina Civil Hospital, Livorno, Italy
Interests: aortic diseases; cardiac surgery; coronary artery bypass surgery; mitral valve
Dr. Marija D. Zdravković

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: cardiovascular disease; heart; coronary artery disease; cardiovascular imaging; interventional cardiology; heart failure; cardiomyopathy; stroke; peripheral vascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide and consequently a massive burden for healthcare systems. Despite the improvements in diagnosis and treatment in the last few decades, variable risk factors are still inevitably leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This is why proper and early diagnosis as well as management can provide much better outcomes for these patients. This Special Issue should focus on basic, as well as novel and uninvestigated, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Research papers focused on diagnostics (echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, CT coronary angiography, SPECT, and PET), risk stratification in patients with cardiovascular disease, and management (both interventional and non-interventional) are strongly encouraged.

I hope that this Special Issue will provide some new insights into the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Authors can submit communications, reviews, and original articles covering any aspect of this topic.

Dr. Andrea De Martino
Dr. Marija D. Zdravković
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • heart
  • coronary artery disease
  • cardiovascular imaging
  • interventional cardiology
  • heart failure
  • cardiomyopathy
  • stroke
  • peripheral vascular disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1146 KiB  
Article
Clinical Implications of High-Sensitivity Troponin Elevation Levels in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: Beyond Diagnostics
by Constanza Bravo, Geovanna Vizcarra, Antonia Sánchez, Francisca Cárdenas, Juan Pablo Canales, Héctor Ugalde and Alfredo Parra-Lucares
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090893 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Standard troponin has long been pivotal in diagnosing coronary syndrome, especially Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). The recent introduction of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnI) has elevated it to the gold standard. Yet, its nuanced role in predicting angiographic lesions and clinical outcomes, notably in [...] Read more.
Standard troponin has long been pivotal in diagnosing coronary syndrome, especially Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). The recent introduction of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnI) has elevated it to the gold standard. Yet, its nuanced role in predicting angiographic lesions and clinical outcomes, notably in specific populations like obesity, remains underexplored. Aim: To evaluate the association between hs-cTnI magnitude in NSTEMI patients and angiographic findings, progression to acute heart failure, and its performance in obesity. Methods: Retrospective study of 208 NSTEMI patients at a large university center (2020–2023). Hs-cTnI values were assessed for angiographic severity, acute heart failure, and characteristics in the obese population. Data collected and diagnostic performance were evaluated using manufacturer-specified cutoffs. Results: 97.12% of patients had a single culprit vessel. Hs-cTnI elevation correlated with angiographic stenosis severity. Performance for detecting severe coronary disease was low, with no improvement using a higher cutoff. No association was found between hs-cTnI and the culprit vessel location. Hs-cTnI did not predict acute heart failure progression. In the obese population, hs-cTnI levels were higher, but acute heart failure occurred less frequently than in non-obese counterparts. Conclusions: In NSTEMI, hs-cTnI elevation is associated with significant stenosis, but not with location or acute heart failure. Obesity correlates with higher hs-cTnI levels but a reduced risk of acute heart failure during NSTEMI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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11 pages, 681 KiB  
Article
Galectin-3 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with First Acute Myocardial Infarction without Heart Failure
by Rada M. Vucic, Olivera M. Andrejic, Dragana Stokanovic, Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenov, Lana McClements, Valentina N. Nikolic, Miodrag Sreckovic, Mirjana Veselinovic, Srdjan Aleksandric, Viseslav Popadic, Marija Zdravkovic and Milan Pavlovic
Diagnostics 2023, 13(21), 3348; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213348 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 889
Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker involved in a wide range of diseases including cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Identification of prognostic markers in patients with AMI can guide strategies towards improved survival and quality of life. Methods: Our study included [...] Read more.
Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker involved in a wide range of diseases including cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Identification of prognostic markers in patients with AMI can guide strategies towards improved survival and quality of life. Methods: Our study included 59 patients with AMI and a preserved ejection fraction. We determined the Gal-3 plasma concentration within 24 h of chest pain onset from the aortic root, femoral/radial artery, coronary sinus and cubital vein. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated at six months follow-up. Results: MACE at six months post-AMI was recorded in 20 patients (34%). The Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root and the femoral/radial artery were independent predictors of MACE at six months follow-up after the first AMI (OR 1.228; 95%CI: 1.011–1.491; p = 0.038; OR 3.438; 95%CI: 1.275–9.265; p = 0.015). ROC analysis identifies the Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root as a better predictor of MACE or death (cut-off ≥ 10.86 ng/mL; AUC 0.858; 95%CI: 0.744–0.973; p < 0.001) than Gal-3 plasma concentration from the femoral/radial artery (cut-off ≥ 10.18 ng/mL; AUC 0.742; 95%CI: 0.596–0.888; p = 0.006). Conclusion: the Gal-3 plasma concentration in patients with AMI determined during coronary angiography, especially from the aortic root, within 24 h after chest pain onset is a valuable biomarker of prognosis at six months follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

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16 pages, 902 KiB  
Review
New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Increased Cardiovascular Risk
by Marija Branković, Marija Dukić, Tijana Gmizić, Višeslav Popadić, Novica Nikolić, Ana Sekulić, Milica Brajković, Jelena Đokić, Edvin Mahmutović, Ratko Lasica, Marko Vojnović and Tamara Milovanović
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020229 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1336
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main characteristic of the disease is the process of long-term liver inflammation, which leads to hepatocyte damage followed by liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Additionally, these patients [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main characteristic of the disease is the process of long-term liver inflammation, which leads to hepatocyte damage followed by liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Additionally, these patients are at a greater risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). They have several pathophysiological mechanisms in common, primarily lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity is a factor that leads to the occurrence of heart disease and the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, as a multifactorial disease, is one of the predominant risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, CVD are one of the most significant carriers of mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome. So far, no pharmacotherapy has been established for the treatment of MASLD, but patients are advised to reduce their body weight and change their lifestyle. In recent years, several trials of different drugs, whose basic therapeutic indications include other diseases, have been conducted. Because it has been concluded that they can have beneficial effects in the treatment of these conditions as well, in this paper, the most significant results of these studies will be presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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Other

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5 pages, 4013 KiB  
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The Role of CT Imaging in a Fractured Coronary Stent with Pseudoaneurysm Formation
by Radu Octavian Baz, George Gherghescu, Adnan Mustafa, Mihaly Enyedi, Cristian Scheau and Radu Andrei Baz
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080840 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 371
Abstract
We report a case of a 63-year-old male patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and previous myocardial infarction who was referred to the emergency department on September 2023 with symptoms and clinical and biological data consistent with an acute coronary event. A coronary [...] Read more.
We report a case of a 63-year-old male patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and previous myocardial infarction who was referred to the emergency department on September 2023 with symptoms and clinical and biological data consistent with an acute coronary event. A coronary angiography revealed severe ostial stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and intrastent thrombotic occlusion in the first two segments of the LAD. Two drug-eluting stents were implanted and the patient was discharged when hemodynamically stable; however, three weeks later, he returned to the emergency department complaining of fever, anterior chest pain, dyspnea at rest, and high blood pressure values at home. High levels of troponin T, C-reactive protein, and NT-proBNP were detected and blood cultures showed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The computed tomography (CT) examination showed a saccular dilatation had developed between two fragments of a stent mounted at the level of the LAD, surrounded by a hematic pericardial accumulation. LAD pseudoaneurysm ablation and a double aortocoronary bypass with inverted saphenous vein autograft were performed and the patient showed a favorable postoperative evolution. In this case, surgical revascularization was proven to be the appropriate treatment strategy, demonstrating the need to choose an individualized therapeutic option depending on case-specific factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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11 pages, 4204 KiB  
Brief Report
Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Myocarditis: A Histopathologic Study on a Monocentric Series of Six Cases
by Hyo-Suk Ahn, Yuran Ahn, Jaehyuk Jang, Seonghyun Bu, Sungmin Lim, Chanjoon Kim, Jong-Min Lee, Kyungji Lee and Kyung-Jin Seo
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020219 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 883
Abstract
Many reports on the development of myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination (PCVM) have emerged. However, only a few case studies have investigated endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) results. This study describes the clinicopathologic features of PCVM. We surveyed all hospitalized patients in a [...] Read more.
Many reports on the development of myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination (PCVM) have emerged. However, only a few case studies have investigated endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) results. This study describes the clinicopathologic features of PCVM. We surveyed all hospitalized patients in a single university hospital in Korea and identified six cases of PCVM. All six patients underwent EMB, five of whom were men aged 15–85 years. All patients developed cardiac dysfunction. Among these patients, two had mild disease without sequelae, whereas the other four had dilated cardiomyopathy with depressed cardiac function. All six cases demonstrated lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. Two of our cases fulfilled the criterion of CD3+ T lymphocytes > 7 cells/mm2 (Case nos. 3 and 6), while the remaining four cases did not fulfill the Dallas criteria. In conclusion, most PCVM cases showed mild degree inflammation histopathologically, and some cases could not fulfill the Dallas criteria and were classified as borderline myocarditis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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