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Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 8394

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chih-Ming Hong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
Interests: control theory applications; power electronics; microgrids; renewable energy systems; wind and wave energy converter
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kai-Hung Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Minnan University of Science and Technology, Quanzhou 362700, China
Interests: power generation dispatch; power system security; low-carbon policies; carbon emission control mechanisms; carbon trading markets; FACTS devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to the /Energies/ Special Issue “Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System”.

Wind energy and ocean wave energy are a promising renewable source to contribute to supplying the world’s energy demand. The control system is a key point so as to increase the power generated and therefore the efficiency of Integrated Wind and Ocean Wave Energy Systems. Due to the nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties usually present in Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Systems, the efficiency of these systems can be increased by adopting advanced control strategies.

This research focuses on developing advanced control strategies for Integrated wind and wave energy converters subject to constraints. A nonlinear control strategy is studied in detail for a Integrated wind and wave energy converter (WEC) subject to constraints under regular and irregular waves. One of the key objectives is to ensure that the WECs are efficient in terms of power production for the wave field where they are placed. The control scheme has improved the real power regulation and dynamic performance of a combined wind and ocean wave energy scheme over a wide range of operating conditions. The control strategies to control the rotational speed of the wells turbine include: (a)variable frequency control; (b)constant torque control; (c)speed control; (d)uncontrolled scheme; (e)V/f control. New technology need verified by long-term operation and satisfactory reliability of the electricity generation.

This Special Issue of Energies aims at addressing the challenges in the control design and implementation of Wind and Wave Energy Systems used to convert wind and wave energy in electrical power. Original submissions focusing on new control techniques and the practical implementation of these new control schemes, which are useful for improving our knowledge of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Systems, on the basis of one or more of the following topics, are welcome in this Special Issue. The Issue will include, but is not be limited to, the following topics:

  • Integrated Wind and Wave analysis and prediction
  • Modelling of wind and wave energy converters (WECs)
  • Control system design and implementation
  • Novel concepts and integrated systems
  • WEC optimization and grid connection
  • Implementation of advanced control schemes

Dr. Chih-Ming Hong
Dr. Kai-Hung Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind and wave energy converter (WEC)
  • wind and wave power generation system
  • intelligent control schemes
  • maximum power point tracking
  • wells turbine

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 8395 KiB  
Article
Design of Battery Energy Storage System Torsional Damper for a Microgrid with Wind Generators Using Artificial Neural Network
by Kuei-Yen Lee and Yuan-Yih Hsu
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133208 - 29 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 667
Abstract
Ancillary frequency controllers such as droop controllers are beneficial for frequency regulation of a microgrid with high penetration of wind generators. However, the use of such ancillary frequency controllers may cause torsional oscillation in the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In this paper, [...] Read more.
Ancillary frequency controllers such as droop controllers are beneficial for frequency regulation of a microgrid with high penetration of wind generators. However, the use of such ancillary frequency controllers may cause torsional oscillation in the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In this paper, a supplementary torsional damper in a battery energy storage system (BESS) is designed to improve the damping ratio for the DFIG torsional mode. Since the optimal damper gain depends on system variables such as the number of diesel generators, the number of wind generators, and BESS droop gain, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained using these system variables as inputs and the desired BESS damper gain as the output. After the ANN has been trained with the training patterns, it can provide the desired BESS damper gain in an accurate and efficient manner. The effectiveness of the proposed ANN approach for BESS damper design is demonstrated by MATLAB/SIMULINK R2022b simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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26 pages, 5363 KiB  
Article
Battery Energy Storage System Damper Design for a Microgrid with Wind Generators Participating in Frequency Regulation
by Bing-Kuei Chiu, Kuei-Yen Lee and Yuan-Yih Hsu
Energies 2023, 16(21), 7439; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217439 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
Ancillary frequency control schemes (e.g., droop control) are used in wind farms to improve frequency regulation in grids with substantial renewable energy penetration; however, droop controllers can have negative impacts on the damping of wind turbine torsional mode, thereby reducing the lifespan of [...] Read more.
Ancillary frequency control schemes (e.g., droop control) are used in wind farms to improve frequency regulation in grids with substantial renewable energy penetration; however, droop controllers can have negative impacts on the damping of wind turbine torsional mode, thereby reducing the lifespan of the turbine gearbox. This paper presents a battery energy storage system (BESS) damper to improve the damping of torsional vibrations when using doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) for frequency regulation in a microgrid. We formulated a linearized model comprising diesel generators, a wind turbine with five-mass drivetrain, and BESS. We also designed a feedforward compensator to deal with phase lag between the BESS damper signal and DFIG torque. The proposed BESS damper was shown to improve the torsional mode damping by moving the eigenvalues for torsional mode leftward to desirable locations on the complex plane. Dynamic simulations performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed BESS torsional mode damping scheme in terms of torsional mode 1 damping performance and frequency response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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22 pages, 5714 KiB  
Article
PIDD2 Control of Large Wind Turbines’ Pitch Angle
by Xingqi Hu, Wen Tan and Guolian Hou
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5096; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135096 - 1 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1307
Abstract
The pitch control system has a profound impact on the development of wind energy, and yet a delay or non-minimum phase can weaken its performance. Thus, there is a strong incentive to enhance pitch control technology in order to counteract the negative effects [...] Read more.
The pitch control system has a profound impact on the development of wind energy, and yet a delay or non-minimum phase can weaken its performance. Thus, there is a strong incentive to enhance pitch control technology in order to counteract the negative effects of unidentified delays and non-minimum phase characteristics. To reduce the complexity of the parameter-tuning process and improve the performance of the system, in this paper, we propose a novel control method for wind turbine pitch angle with time delays. Specifically, the proposed control method is state-space PIDD2, which is based on internal model control (IMC) and the open-loop system step response. Then, considering the tracking, disturbance rejection and measurement noise, the proposed controller is verified through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the state-space PIDD2 (SS-PIDD2) can provide a trade-off between robustness, time domain performance and measurement noise attenuation and effectively improve pitch control performance in contrast to series PID and PI control methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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20 pages, 4767 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Frequency Support for a DFIG Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator Strategy at Large Power Angles
by Zhishuai Hu, Yongfeng Ren, Qingtian Meng, Pingping Yun, Chenzhi Fang and Yu Pan
Energies 2023, 16(2), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020914 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1662
Abstract
The frequency regulation rate and operation stability of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based on a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) strategy decreases under large-power-angle conditions, which reduces the grid frequency support capacity. This paper proposes the compound adaptive parameter (CAP) and coordinated [...] Read more.
The frequency regulation rate and operation stability of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based on a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) strategy decreases under large-power-angle conditions, which reduces the grid frequency support capacity. This paper proposes the compound adaptive parameter (CAP) and coordinated primary frequency regulation (CPFR) strategies to improve the grid frequency support capacity in terms of multiple dimensions of the transient properties, operation condition range, and regulation duration. Mathematical and small signal models of the DFIG-VSG system are constructed. The effect of large-power-angle conditions on the transient properties under grid frequency perturbations is analyzed based on these models, and the CAP strategy for excitation control and virtual damping is formulated. The constraints of the rotor kinetic energy and the load increase capacity of the grid-side converter are analyzed, and the CPFR strategy is formulated based on this. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategies is verified via simulations of single-machine and wind farm scenarios under grid frequency perturbation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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22 pages, 4248 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Dynamic Performance in Hybrid Power System Using a Designed ALTS-PFPNN Controller
by Kai-Hung Lu, Chih-Ming Hong and Fu-Sheng Cheng
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8263; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218263 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1492
Abstract
The large-scale, nonlinear and uncertain factors of hybrid power systems (HPS) have always been difficult problems in dynamic stability control. This research mainly focuses on the dynamic and transient stability performance of large HPS under various operating conditions. In addition to the traditional [...] Read more.
The large-scale, nonlinear and uncertain factors of hybrid power systems (HPS) have always been difficult problems in dynamic stability control. This research mainly focuses on the dynamic and transient stability performance of large HPS under various operating conditions. In addition to the traditional synchronous power generator, wind-driven generator and ocean wave generator, the hybrid system also adds battery energy storage system and unified power flow controller (UPFC), making the system more diversified and more consistent with the current actual operation mode of the complex power grid. The purpose of this study is to propose an adaptive least squares Petri fuzzy probabilistic neural network (ALTS-PFPNN) for UPFC installed in the power grid to enhance the behavior of HPS operation. The proposed scheme improves the active power adjustment and dynamic performance of the integrated wave power generation and offshore wind system under a large range of operating conditions. Through various case studies, the practicability and robustness of ALTS-PFPNN method are verifying it by comparison and analysis with the damping controller based on the designed proportional integral differential (PID) and the control scheme without UPFC. Time-domain simulations were performed using Matlab-Simulink to validate the optimal damping behavior and efficiency of the suggested scheme under various disturbance conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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19 pages, 18946 KiB  
Article
Control Strategy and Parameter Optimization Based on Grid Side Current Dynamic Change Rate for Doubly-Fed Wind Turbine High Voltage Ride Through
by Jun Deng, Zhenghao Qi, Nan Xia, Tong Gao, Yang Zhang and Jiandong Duan
Energies 2022, 15(21), 7977; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217977 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1262
Abstract
High voltage ride through (HVRT) control strategies for doubly-fed induction wind turbines (DFIG) have mostly focused on the rotor side converter, while the reactive power compensation capability of the grid side converter and the impact of grid side converter current transients have often [...] Read more.
High voltage ride through (HVRT) control strategies for doubly-fed induction wind turbines (DFIG) have mostly focused on the rotor side converter, while the reactive power compensation capability of the grid side converter and the impact of grid side converter current transients have often been ignored on the DC bus voltage and reactive power. Therefore, a control strategy based on grid side current dynamic change characteristics is proposed, which resets the reference values of the grid side active and reactive currents for wind turbine HVRT to ensure partial absorption of reactive power on the grid side. Secondly, the key parameter in the proposed control strategy is optimization to get the most suitable DC bus voltage value with the grey wolf algorithm. Finally, the grid-integrated wind turbine simulation model is built on the MATLAB/SIMULINK and RT-Lab platforms. The simulation test results show that the proposed HVRT control strategy and its parameter optimization method are effective, DFIG can achieve HVRT when the wind turbine voltage rises to 1.3 pu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Technology of Integrated Wind and Wave Energy Conversion System)
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