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RNA-Seq in Human Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Informatics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2024) | Viewed by 1073

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In total, 6.3 billion people around the world have Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. RNA-Seq data facilitate a detailed analysis of human patient’s genomics data in high resolution, including an analysis of alternative splicing, molecular pathways, and specific cell-type marker genes. Single-cell RNA-Seq facilitates the accurate analysis of such data. The immune system, inflammation and cellular toxicity, and propagation in neurons were previously found to be altered in AD and aging post-mortem brain samples. Specific genes, including such encoding RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) (e.g., Apoe, Tau, Trem, Mapt, A-beta, and glial and neuronal cell-type marker genes), were also found to be involved. We still do not have a complete picture of disease-involved genes and pathways, or the clearance of Tau seeds and toxic oligomers effects. A comparison of AD cases to control brain samples may help to gain a better insight into disease-underlying molecular processes. RNA-Seq data analysis on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients’ blood leukocytes previously showed changes in long non-coding RNAs, micro-RNAs, and alternative splicing. Exon array analysis on aging compared to young and middle-aged sample changes showed significant changes in microglial, oligodendrocyte, and neuronal cell marker genes. Mice model RNA-Seq produced genomics data which can serve as additional control data and human data.

Dr. Wael Mohamed ([email protected]) is a senior scientist (Reviewer Board member in IJMS), who will assist Dr. Lilach Soreq in managing this Special Issue.

Dr. Lilach Soreq
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aging
  • bioinformatics
  • single-cell RNA-Seq
  • RNA-Seq

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 8437 KiB  
Article
Altered Inflammatory State and Mitochondrial Function Identified by Transcriptomics in Paediatric Congenital Heart Patients Prior to Surgical Repair
by Francesca Bartoli-Leonard, Amy G. Harris, Kelly Saunders, Julie Madden, Carrie Cherrington, Karen Sheehan, Mai Baquedano, Giulia Parolari, Andrew Bamber and Massimo Caputo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137487 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 646
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the most common birth defect, with surgical intervention required in complex cases. Right ventricle (RV) function is known to be a major predictor of sustained cardiac health in these patients; thus, by elucidating the divergent profiles between CHD [...] Read more.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the most common birth defect, with surgical intervention required in complex cases. Right ventricle (RV) function is known to be a major predictor of sustained cardiac health in these patients; thus, by elucidating the divergent profiles between CHD and the control through tissue analysis, this study aims to identify new avenues of investigation into the mechanisms surrounding reduced RV function. Transcriptomic profiling, in-silico deconvolution and functional network analysis were conducted on RV biopsies, identifying an increase in the mitochondrial dysfunction genes RPPH1 and RMPR (padj = 4.67 × 10−132, 2.23 × 10−107), the cytotoxic T-cell markers CD8a, LAGE3 and CD49a (p = 0.0006, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0118) and proinflammatory caspase-1 (p = 0.0055) in CHD. Gene-set enrichment identified mitochondrial dysfunctional pathways, predominately changes within oxidative phosphorylation processes. The negative regulation of mitochondrial functions and metabolism was identified in the network analysis, with dysregulation of the mitochondrial complex formation. A histological analysis confirmed an increase in cellular bodies in the CHD RV tissue and positive staining for both CD45 and CD8, which was absent in the control. The deconvolution of bulk RNAseq data suggests a reduction in CD4+ T cells (p = 0.0067) and an increase in CD8+ T cells (p = 0.0223). The network analysis identified positive regulation of the immune system and cytokine signalling clusters in the inflammation functional network, as there were lymphocyte activation and leukocyte differentiation. Utilising RV tissue from paediatric patients undergoing CHD cardiac surgery, this study identifies dysfunctional mitochondrial pathways and an increase in inflammatory T-cell presence prior to reparative surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA-Seq in Human Health and Disease)
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