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Research on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regeneration Mechanisms
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Research on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regeneration Mechanisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2024) | Viewed by 4740

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daiva Bironaite

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: cell death; survival mechanisms; intracellular signaling pathways; oxidative stress; adult human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; tissue regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The myogenic and cardiomyogenic differentiations of mesenchymal or other types of stem cells in vitro and in vivo are complex processes, which include cell responsiveness to various compounds and model systems, and direct or indirect interaction between cells and extracellular components, that further regulates intracellular signalling systems and tissue functioning. Despite their diversity, the regeneration mechanisms of skeletal and cardiac muscle occur within the striated muscle environment, whose primary goal is in vitro targeted regulation and subsequent in vivo translation, thereby allowing to improve muscle functioning.

In order to better understand the myogenic and cardiomyogenic differentiation processes and their regulation, both in vivo and in vitro myogenic model systems are of crucial importance. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to collate papers focusing on in vivo and in vitro myogenic and cardiomyogenic differentiation mechanisms that highlight new external or internal inductors, cell types, ECM components, scaffolds and other biomodulators to improve the regeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles and expand their further clinical applications.

Dr. Daiva Bironaité
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2992 KiB  
Article
Class I and II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Modulators of Dilated Cardiac Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
by Rokas Mikšiūnas, Siegfried Labeit and Daiva Bironaite
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6758; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126758 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1086
Abstract
The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasing globally, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent its onset. In this study, we examined the energetic and epigenetic distinctions between dilated and non-dilated human myocardium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hmMSCs) and assessed the [...] Read more.
The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasing globally, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent its onset. In this study, we examined the energetic and epigenetic distinctions between dilated and non-dilated human myocardium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hmMSCs) and assessed the effects of class I and II HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on these cells and their cardiomyogenic differentiation. Cells were isolated from myocardium biopsies using explant outgrowth methods. Mitochondrial and histone deacetylase activities, ATP levels, cardiac transcription factors, and structural proteins were assessed using flow cytometry, PCR, chemiluminescence, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The data suggest that the tested HDAC inhibitors improved acetylation and enhanced the energetic status of both types of cells, with significant effects observed in dilated myocardium-derived hmMSCs. Additionally, the HDAC inhibitors activated the cardiac transcription factors Nkx2-5, HOPX, GATA4, and Mef2C, and upregulated structural proteins such as cardiac troponin T and alpha cardiac actin at both the protein and gene levels. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HDACi may serve as potential modulators of the energetic status and cardiomyogenic differentiation of human heart hmMSCs. This avenue of exploration could broaden the search for novel therapeutic interventions for dilated cardiomyopathy, ultimately leading to improvements in heart function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regeneration Mechanisms)
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15 pages, 4833 KiB  
Article
The Transcription Factor Mohawk Facilitates Skeletal Muscle Repair via Modulation of the Inflammatory Environment
by Cherie Alissa Lynch, Sofia A. Acosta, Douglas M. Anderson, Gavin E. Rogers, Jeanne Wilson-Rawls and Alan Rawls
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 5019; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25095019 - 4 May 2024
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Efficient repair of skeletal muscle relies upon the precise coordination of cells between the satellite cell niche and innate immune cells that are recruited to the site of injury. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNFα, IFNγ, CXCL1, and CCL2, [...] Read more.
Efficient repair of skeletal muscle relies upon the precise coordination of cells between the satellite cell niche and innate immune cells that are recruited to the site of injury. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNFα, IFNγ, CXCL1, and CCL2, by muscle and tissue resident immune cells recruits neutrophils and M1 macrophages to the injury and activates satellite cells. These signal cascades lead to highly integrated temporal and spatial control of muscle repair. Despite the therapeutic potential of these factors for improving tissue regeneration after traumatic and chronic injuries, their transcriptional regulation is not well understood. The transcription factor Mohawk (Mkx) functions as a repressor of myogenic differentiation and regulates fiber type specification. Embryonically, Mkx is expressed in all progenitor cells of the musculoskeletal system and is expressed in human and mouse myeloid lineage cells. An analysis of mice deficient for Mkx revealed a delay in postnatal muscle repair characterized by impaired clearance of necrotic fibers and smaller newly regenerated fibers. Further, there was a delay in the expression of inflammatory signals such as Ccl2, Ifnγ, and Tgfß. This was coupled with impaired recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages to the site of muscle damage. These studies demonstrate that Mkx plays a critical role in adult skeletal muscle repair that is mediated through the initial activation of the inflammatory response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regeneration Mechanisms)
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Review

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34 pages, 5764 KiB  
Review
The Current State of Realistic Heart Models for Disease Modelling and Cardiotoxicity
by Kornél Kistamás, Federica Lamberto, Raminta Vaiciuleviciute, Filipa Leal, Suchitra Muenthaisong, Luis Marte, Paula Subías-Beltrán, Aidas Alaburda, Dina N. Arvanitis, Melinda Zana, Pedro F. Costa, Eiva Bernotiene, Christian Bergaud and András Dinnyés
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179186 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1489
Abstract
One of the many unresolved obstacles in the field of cardiovascular research is an uncompromising in vitro cardiac model. While primary cell sources from animal models offer both advantages and disadvantages, efforts over the past half-century have aimed to reduce their use. Additionally, [...] Read more.
One of the many unresolved obstacles in the field of cardiovascular research is an uncompromising in vitro cardiac model. While primary cell sources from animal models offer both advantages and disadvantages, efforts over the past half-century have aimed to reduce their use. Additionally, obtaining a sufficient quantity of human primary cardiomyocytes faces ethical and legal challenges. As the practically unlimited source of human cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) is now mostly resolved, there are great efforts to improve their quality and applicability by overcoming their intrinsic limitations. The greatest bottleneck in the field is the in vitro ageing of hiPSC-CMs to reach a maturity status that closely resembles that of the adult heart, thereby allowing for more appropriate drug developmental procedures as there is a clear correlation between ageing and developing cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art techniques in the most realistic heart models used in disease modelling and toxicity evaluations from hiPSC-CM maturation through heart-on-a-chip platforms and in silico models to the in vitro models of certain cardiovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Regeneration Mechanisms)
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