International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Crosstalk between Metabolism and Neuroprotection

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Dear Colleagues,

We are thrilled to extend a warm invitation for contributions to a Special Issue of IJMS focusing on the “Crosstalk between Metabolism and Neuroprotection”. As the understanding of the intricate interplay between metabolism and neuroprotection continues to evolve, we are eager to assemble a collection of groundbreaking articles that delve into this important intersection. We welcome original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from experts in the field, aiming to shed light on the multifaceted connections between metabolic processes and the preservation of neurological function. Whether your work explores the impact of metabolic pathways on neurodegenerative diseases, investigates novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dysfunction in neurological disorders, or delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection through metabolic modulation, we welcome your contribution.

Finally, you may also share this invitation with your team members and colleagues; student co- authors are most welcome.

Thank you and we are looking forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Gayle Helane Doherty
Guest Editor

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Research

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12 pages, 3367 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Comprehensive Regulation of Somatostatin DNA Vaccine in Goats

by Ge Qin, Li Zhang, Jiaxue Guo, Shiyong Fang, Guangxin E, Yan Zeng, Yongfu Huang and Yanguo Han

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136888 - 23 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Somatostatin (SS) plays crucial regulatory roles in animal growth and reproduction by affecting the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH). However, the mechanism by which SS regulates growth and development in goats is still unclear. In order to investigate the regulatory networks of the hypothalamus and pituitary in goats affected by SS DNA vaccines, in this study, we used a previously established oral attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SS DNA vaccine, X9241 (ptCS/2SS-asd), to treat wethers. We analyzed the protein changes in hypothalamic and pituitary tissues using a TMT-based proteomics approach. Additionally, we examined the metabolic profiles of the serum of control and immunized wethers through untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Key signaling pathways were identified based on differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Furthermore, the effect of critical DEPs on signaling pathways was confirmed through Western blotting (WB) experiments, which elucidated the mechanism of active SS immunization in wethers. A proteomics analysis revealed that the expression of 58 proteins in the hypothalamus and 124 in the pituitary gland was significantly altered following SS vaccine treatment (fold change > 1.2 or < 0.83, p < 0.05). In the hypothalamus, many DEPs were associated with gene ontology (GO) terms related to neuronal signaling. In contrast, most DEPs were associated with metabolic pathways. In the pituitary gland, the DEPs were largely related to immune and nutrient metabolism functions, with significant enrichment in KEGG pathways, particularly those involving the metabolic pathway, sphingolipid signaling, and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. A metabolomic analysis further showed that active SS immunization in wethers led to significant alterations in seven serum metabolites. Notably, the sphingolipid signaling pathway, secondary bile acid synthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, and lysine synthesis were significantly disrupted. SS vaccines induced marked changes in hypothalamic–pituitary proteins in wethers, facilitating alterations in their growth processes. This study not only provides insights into the mechanism of the SS gene in regulating GH secretion in wethers but also establishes a basis for hormone immunoregulation technology to enhance livestock production performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Metabolism and Neuroprotection)

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30 pages, 3778 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metabolic Crosstalk between Liver and Brain: From Diseases to Mechanisms

by Xiaoyue Yang, Kangli Qiu, Yaoyao Jiang, Yumei Huang, Yajuan Zhang and Yunfei Liao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7621; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147621 - 11 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Multiple organs and tissues coordinate to respond to dietary and environmental challenges. It is interorgan crosstalk that contributes to systemic metabolic homeostasis. The liver and brain, as key metabolic organs, have their unique dialogue to transmit metabolic messages. The interconnected pathogenesis of liver and brain is implicated in numerous metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent insights have positioned the liver not only as a central metabolic hub but also as an endocrine organ, capable of secreting hepatokines that transmit metabolic signals throughout the body via the bloodstream. Metabolites from the liver or gut microbiota also facilitate a complex dialogue between liver and brain. In parallel to humoral factors, the neural pathways, particularly the hypothalamic nuclei and autonomic nervous system, are pivotal in modulating the bilateral metabolic interplay between the cerebral and hepatic compartments. The term “liver–brain axis” vividly portrays this interaction. At the end of this review, we summarize cutting-edge technical advancements that have enabled the observation and manipulation of these signals, including genetic engineering, molecular tracing, and delivery technologies. These innovations are paving the way for a deeper understanding of the liver–brain axis and its role in metabolic homeostasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Metabolism and Neuroprotection)

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