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Antimicrobial Peptides and Immunology 2.0
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Antimicrobial Peptides and Immunology 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2024 | Viewed by 1719

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elena Chaves-Pozo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
Interests: immune-reproductive responses; marine fish; viral transmission through the gonad; endocrine disruption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue "Antimicrobial Peptides and Immunology". Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have improved our capacity to generate novel treatments against infectious disease of variable pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites because of their ability to disrupt their membranes or capsid and kill them directly. In addition, they do not generate resistance and are critical factors in innate immune response since they are key players in the regulation of several immune responses, including the specific response. Thus, antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates as potential therapeutic molecules, although their molecular mechanisms of action are not completely understood today. This issue invites studies identifying novel and known AMPs in the animal kingdom and in human beings; characterizing their immunomodulatory potential and mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level, as well as their antimicrobial role against dangerous pathogens for different hosts; and exploring AMPs’ biological use in clinical therapies in human health. The outcome of the studies collected here will represent a further step in our comprehension of the innate immune system of multiple organisms and the identification of novel treatments for infective diseases with a focus on AMPs.

Dr. Elena Chaves-Pozo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial peptides
  • immune regulation
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • granulocytes
  • neutrophiles
  • chemiotaxis
  • G-protein couple membrane receptors
  • inmunoadjuvants
  • T cell proliferation
  • cytokine regulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 2317 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptomics of Fat Bodies between Symbiotic and Quasi-Aposymbiotic Adult Females of Blattella germanica with Emphasis on the Metabolic Integration with Its Endosymbiont Blattabacterium and Its Immune System
by Francisco J. Silva, Rebeca Domínguez-Santos, Amparo Latorre and Carlos García-Ferris
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4228; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084228 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
We explored the metabolic integration of Blattella germanica and its obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenoti by the transcriptomic analysis of the fat body of quasi-aposymbiotic cockroaches, where the endosymbionts were almost entirely removed with rifampicin. Fat bodies from quasi-aposymbiotic insects displayed large differences in [...] Read more.
We explored the metabolic integration of Blattella germanica and its obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenoti by the transcriptomic analysis of the fat body of quasi-aposymbiotic cockroaches, where the endosymbionts were almost entirely removed with rifampicin. Fat bodies from quasi-aposymbiotic insects displayed large differences in gene expression compared to controls. In quasi-aposymbionts, the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine involved in cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation increased drastically to compensate for the deficiency in the biosynthesis of these amino acids by the endosymbionts. On the other hand, the uricolytic pathway and the biosynthesis of uric acid were severely decreased, probably because the reduced population of endosymbionts was unable to metabolize urea to ammonia. Metabolite transporters that could be involved in the endosymbiosis process were identified. Immune system and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression was also reduced in quasi-aposymbionts, genes encoding peptidoglycan-recognition proteins, which may provide clues for the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship, as well as three AMP genes whose involvement in the symbiotic relationship will require additional analysis. Finally, a search for AMP-like factors that could be involved in controlling the endosymbiont identified two orphan genes encoding proteins smaller than 200 amino acids underexpressed in quasi-aposymbionts, suggesting a role in the host–endosymbiont relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Peptides and Immunology 2.0)
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Review

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24 pages, 2081 KiB  
Review
Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as Guardians of Immunity and Beyond: A Review
by Lizhen Zhou, Guanliang Meng, Ling Zhu, Li Ma and Kangkang Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073835 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 771
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms, not only constitute a robust defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host but also show promising applications as effective antimicrobial agents. Notably, insects are significant reservoirs of [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms, not only constitute a robust defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host but also show promising applications as effective antimicrobial agents. Notably, insects are significant reservoirs of natural AMPs. However, the complex array of variations in types, quantities, antimicrobial activities, and production pathways of AMPs, as well as evolution of AMPs across insect species, presents a significant challenge for immunity system understanding and AMP applications. This review covers insect AMP discoveries, classification, common properties, and mechanisms of action. Additionally, the types, quantities, and activities of immune-related AMPs in each model insect are also summarized. We conducted the first comprehensive investigation into the diversity, distribution, and evolution of 20 types of AMPs in model insects, employing phylogenetic analysis to describe their evolutionary relationships and shed light on conserved and distinctive AMP families. Furthermore, we summarize the regulatory pathways of AMP production through classical signaling pathways and additional pathways associated with Nitric Oxide, insulin-like signaling, and hormones. This review advances our understanding of AMPs as guardians in insect immunity systems and unlocks a gateway to insect AMP resources, facilitating the use of AMPs to address food safety concerns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Peptides and Immunology 2.0)
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