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Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application to Diagnosis and Monitoring Human Diseases 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 6976

Special Issue Editors

Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: cognitive impairment; frailty syndrome; neurodevelopemntal disorders; depression; neuropathy; sleep; envirnomental factors; comorbidty; immune alterations; metabolic alterations; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, increasing importance has been given to the study of molecules present in saliva as a tool for the study of several diseases. This is due, first, to the fact that saliva is a fluid that, in addition to having constituents produced by the different salivary glands, contains several molecules transported by the plasma, some of which are present in quantities proportional to their levels in the blood; secondly, saliva sampling has the advantage of being non-invasive, with its collection easily accepted by most individuals. This aspect is particularly advantageous for children, the elderly, and people in whom blood collection is difficult, because it can involve fear and pain. These two points, together with technological and analytical advances, have led to a large amount of research interest in working with this fluid from different perspectives and using molecular biomarkers present in saliva as interesting tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of human diseases.

Prof. Dr. Omar Cauli
Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Juan Gambini
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • cytokines
  • energetic metabolism
  • enzymes
  • neurotrophins
  • hormones
  • proteomic
  • electrophoresis
  • biomarkers
  • pollutants

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2283 KiB  
Article
Obtaining miRNA from Saliva—Comparison of Sampling and Purification Methods
by Aintzane Urbizu, Laura Arnaldo and Katrin Beyer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032386 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
The use of saliva as a biomarker source has advantages over other biofluids and imaging techniques, and miRNAs are ideal biomarker candidates. They are involved in numerous cellular processes, and their altered expression suggests that miRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in disease [...] Read more.
The use of saliva as a biomarker source has advantages over other biofluids and imaging techniques, and miRNAs are ideal biomarker candidates. They are involved in numerous cellular processes, and their altered expression suggests that miRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in disease development. We wanted to find an easily reproducible and executable miRNA-obtaining methodology suitable for quantification. Three commercial miRNA extraction kits (mirVana, Nucleospin and miRNeasy) and three saliva collectors (50 mL tubes, Salimetrics and Oragene) were tested. Several features, including RNA quality and technical parameters, were evaluated. The expression of five synthetic spike-in controls and seven saliva-miRNAs was analyzed independently and grouped by the collectors and the extraction kits. The combination of Oragene and miRNeasy assured the most sensitive detection of all seven saliva miRNAs. Testing different combinations of saliva collectors and RNA purification kits permitted the establishment of combinations for different uses. The results of our study highlight that optimization of resources for biomarker studies is possible after careful planning of each study. Full article
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15 pages, 2773 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Lipids in Saliva, Tears and Minor Salivary Glands of Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients Using an HPLC/MS-Based Approach
by Fredrik Fineide, Xiangjun Chen, Thomas Bjellaas, Valeria Vitelli, Tor Paaske Utheim, Janicke Liaaen Jensen and Hilde Kanli Galtung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168997 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3475
Abstract
The diagnostic work-up of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) includes quantifying saliva and tear production, evaluation of autoantibodies in serum and histopathological analysis of minor salivary glands. Thus, the potential for further utilizing these fluids and tissues in the quest to find better diagnostic [...] Read more.
The diagnostic work-up of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) includes quantifying saliva and tear production, evaluation of autoantibodies in serum and histopathological analysis of minor salivary glands. Thus, the potential for further utilizing these fluids and tissues in the quest to find better diagnostic and therapeutic tools should be fully explored. Ten samples of saliva and tears from female patients diagnosed with pSS and ten samples of saliva and tears from healthy females were included for lipidomic analysis of tears and whole saliva using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition, lipidomic analysis was performed on minor salivary gland biopsies from three pSS and three non-SS females. We found significant differences in the lipidomic profiles of saliva and tears in pSS patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, there were differences in individual lipid species in stimulated saliva that were comparable to those of glandular biopsies, representing an intriguing avenue for further research. We believe a comprehensive elucidation of the changes in lipid composition in saliva, tears and minor salivary glands in pSS patients may be the key to detecting pSS-related dry mouth and dry eyes at an early stage. The identified differences may illuminate the path towards future innovative diagnostic methodologies and treatment modalities for alleviating pSS-related sicca symptoms. Full article
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