Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour that usually occurs in children and adolescents. OS is a highly aggressive tumour type with a propensity for local invasion and systemic early metastasis to the lungs or other bones. According to t...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for one-sixth of deaths globally, whereas cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. T2DM is a known risk factor for many cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-altered metabolic and signaling pat...
The extracellular matrix is an organized three-dimensional network of protein-based molecules and other macromolecules that provide structural and biochemical support to tissues. Depending on its biochemical and structural properties, the extracellul...
The detection of driver oncogenic variants and the recent identification of tumor-agnostic genomic biomarkers has driven the use of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. The Oncomine™ C...
Background: Understanding the distribution of HPV types in cervical cancer cases is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of HPV screening and vaccination in reducing cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to assess genotype prevalence in the pr...
Background: A plethora of data supports HPV-based screening to be the preferred strategy for cervical cancer prevention. The shift to a more sensitive first-line test brings the need of effective triage up for discussion. Currently, most algorithms a...
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slow-growing, locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing, low-grade cutaneous neoplasm that arises from the epidermal basal layer and invades the adjoining tissues. It is the most common skin cancer. It is fairly common...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical joint inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion. This review explores the multifaceted aspects of RA pathogenesis, focusing on the dynamic interplay be...
Microscopy of stained blood smears is still a ubiquitous technique in pathology. It is often used in addition to automated electronic counters or flow cytometers to evaluate leukocytes and their morphologies in a rather simple manner and has low requ...
A balanced excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) tone is crucial for proper brain function, and disruptions can lead to neurological disorders. This review explores the role of astrocytes in maintaining a balanced E/I tone in the brain, which is crucial for pr...
Periodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of per...
Background: Alcohol-related brain degeneration (ARBD) is associated with cognitive–motor impairments that can progress to disability and dementia. White matter (WM) is prominently targeted in ARBD due to chronic neurotoxic and degenerative effe...
Biomarkers are fundamental to modern oncology practice, forming a close link to pathology practice. Pathology results must be accurate, timely, comprehensive, and comprehendible. External proficiency testing is a key tool in maintaining biomarker qua...
A tight association between inflammation and cardiac damage has been extensively recognized. In this review, we will focus on macrophages as key players in the physiology and pathology of the heart and on their role in the functional crosstalk betwee...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recurrence after treatment is a significant problem with a failed response to optimal therapies. The recurrence of GBM is linked to different cellular and molecular pathways. N...
DICER1 syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, stems from mutations in the DICER1 gene, disrupting RNA interference and leading to various tumors. These tumors, affecting organs like the lung, kidney, ovaries, and brain, pose diagnostic...
The melanoma origin of cell lines obtained from the axillary lymph node (mel Kas, mel Pet, and mel Lap from patients with a verified diagnosis) was confirmed by the detection of the Melan A melanocyte marker expression. A hyperdiploid (2n+) for the m...
The RYK gene encodes a receptor-like tyrosine kinase crucial for several biological processes, including development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. This study utilized data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) to evaluate RYK expression at b...
Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, with conventional diagnostic and treatment methods often lacking precision and adaptability. This review explores transformative advancements that are reshaping oncology by addressing these limitation...
The liver is a multi-potent organ with important metabolic, immunological and endocrine functions. Hepatic physiology is maintained at a balanced state via the delicate actions of different liver-resident cells. Among several factors that modulate he...
Effective cancer diagnosis, treatment and control depend on interactions among numerous distinct factors, from technology to data to skills to sociology. But a crucial influence is the extent to which the health system takes account of the distinct p...
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers nowadays. In the metastatic setting, diagnosis and treatment have relied on tumor tissue analysis. However, the different limitations of this approach have recently opened the door to the introdu...
Endometrial cancer (EC) represents one of the most newly diagnosed cancers across gynecological malignancies. In particular, a plethora of risk factors (both biological and lifestyle-related) drastically impact the incidence rate of novel diagnosis a...
The chief goal of the Blood Profiling Atlas in Cancer (BloodPAC) consortium is to promote collaborative efforts that support the development and implementation of liquid biopsy tests. Here, we report the results of a pilot study conducted by three Bl...
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by skin, lung, and renal manifestations. This syndrome is caused by a germline mutation in the FLCN gene, which leads to disruption in multiple downstrea...
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are vital intracellular messengers that regulate a multitude of neuronal functions, including synaptic transmission, plasticity, exocytosis, and cell survival. Neuronal cell death can occur through a variety of mechanisms, includi...
Cathelicidins (human LL-37 and rat CRAMP) are multifunctional peptides involved in various cardiovascular conditions. This review integrates the recent findings about the functional involvement of LL-37/CRAMP across atherosclerosis, acute coronary sy...
Introduction: MET Exon 14 skipping alterations are drivers of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Amplicon-based DNA NGS assays (DNA NGSs) for the detection of METex14 skipping can yield false-nega...
Somatic MET exon 14 skipping mutations (MET ex14) are targetable driver mutations for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), responsive to MET inhibitors. Objective: This study seeks to further characterize the clinicopathologic features and mutational...
Background: Ovarian cancer is often characterized by aggressive growth and chemoresistance, leading to a poor prognosis. The energy and nutrient acquisition through metabolic reprogramming has been reported to facilitate cancer cell proliferation, in...
Variant annotation is an important step in deciphering the functional impact of genomic variants and their association with diseases. In this study, we analyzed 80 pan-cancer cases that underwent comprehensive genomic testing and compared the auto-cl...
Aims: This study aims to investigate the potential influence of melanin content on the performance of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test. Specifically, we assess whether melanin levels in samples impact the test’s reliability, thereby validat...
STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is a rare type Ι interferonopathy caused by gain of function mutations in an encoding stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein 1. SAVI is characterized by neonatal or infantile-ons...
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain tumor that requires intense multimodal treatment. There is significant treatment-related morbidity associated with MB, and overall prognosis varies between the subgroups of the disease. These tumors were prev...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) significantly exacerbate the severity and mortality of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate whether GWAS-significant SNPs correlate with CVDs in severe COVID-19 patients. DNA samples from 199 patients with severe COVID-19...
ALK is related to poor survival in neuroblastoma patients. We investigated the prognostic relevance of ALK mRNA expression and the relationship with ALK immunohistochemical expression, histological subtype and ALK aberrations. Whole transcriptome seq...
Introduction: Colorectal cancer screening programs are effective in reducing incidence and mortality. In Europe, every FIT+ patient is referred to colonoscopy. The available data show that ~75.0% of these patients are negative. It is desirable to sel...
Iatrogenic amyloidosis results from medical therapeutic interventions, leading to the misfolding and aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils or to their direct deposition in different tissues. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview...
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitors, clinically established for treating renal anemia, are emerging as potent immunomodulators with therapeutic potential far beyond erythropoiesis. This review dissects the mechanistic bas...
Background: Burnout is increasingly being recognized as a contributory factor to the erosion of a positive psychological state. Studies have examined the relationship between burnout and various inflammatory markers such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha....
The accurate assessment of malignancy and the precise characterization of cancer type are pivotal in guiding clinical decisions and ensuring optimal patient outcomes. The challenging task of identifying the primary site of carcinoma, especially durin...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is known to behave differently based on its location, histologic features, and molecular profile. Despite this understanding, efforts to use these molecular findings to develop personalized treatments have not yet been...
Aims: To date, precision medicine has played a pivotal role in the clinical administration of solid-tumor patients. In this scenario, a rapidly increasing number of predictive biomarkers have been approved in diagnostic practice or are currently bein...
Respiratory viruses are the causative agents responsible for seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemic outbreaks and are a leading cause of death worldwide. Type I interferon (IFNα/β) signaling in the lung epithelial cells plays a major r...
We have read, with great interest, a recently published article by Bisson KR et al [...]
The hepatobiliary system is vital for the biotransformation and disposition of endogenous molecules. Any impairment in the normal functioning of the hepatobiliary system leads to a spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases (HBDs), such as liver cirrhosis, f...
The following review considers current concepts concerning the characteristics of DRP1-related mitochondrial division in brain cells during hypoxic-ischemic pathology. The functional role of DRP1 in neurons and astroglia in cerebral ischemia conditio...
B-cell neoplasms possess clonal B-cell receptor rearrangements (BCR clonotype lineages) that can be identified by sequencing the B-cell repertoire for use in diagnostics, risk stratification, and high-sensitivity monitoring. BCR somatic hypermutation...
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) stands as a primary cause of end-stage renal disease and its etiology remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to construct a genetic panel with potential biomarkers linked to the inflammatory pathway of DN associated with the...
Background: This study is the first to investigate the association between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and the hMLH1 −93G>A and hMSH2 1032G>A polymorphisms of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in the Azerbaijani population. Methods: Peripheral...
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