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Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 24760

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zbigniew Jablonowski

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Guest Editor

Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
Interests: urology; oncology; bladder cancer; prostate cancer; elderly patients

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Postoperative complications are invariably an important topic concerning patients treated in various surgical departments. This Special Issue, entitled “Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine”, aims to provide insight into the issue of individualizing the approach to individual patients or standardized groups of patients. Due to the extent of the subject matter, it was decided to limit it to urology and general surgery. We would like to devote special attention to the issue of personalizing perioperative care in elderly patients undergoing surgery for oncological conditions. Another aim of this issue is to emphasize the importance of individual assessment of the results of surgical treatment in homogeneous groups of patients. Attention is also given to the use of appropriate management algorithms and questionnaires for assessing the effectiveness and quality of surgical treatment.

Dr. Zbigniew Jablonowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Postoperative complications
Urology
General surgery
Oncology
Elderly patients
Individualization of care

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surgery for T4 Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients: Determinants of Outcomes

by Michael Osseis, William A Nehmeh, Nathalie Rassy, Joseph Derienne, Roger Noun, Chady Salloum, Elie Rassy, Stergios Boussios and Daniel Azoulay

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091534 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 1673

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of older and younger patients with T4 colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients with T4 CRC treated surgically at Henri Mondor Hospital between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed in age subgroups (1) 50–69 years and (2) ≥70 years for overall and relative survival. The multivariable analyses were adjusted for adjusted for age, margin status, lymph node involvement, CEA level, postoperative complications (POC), synchronous metastases, and type of surgery. Results: Of 106 patients with T4 CRC, 57 patients (53.8%) were 70 years or older. The baseline characteristics were generally balanced between the two age groups. Older patients underwent adjuvant therapy less commonly (42.9 vs. 57.1%; p = 0.006) and had a longer delay between surgery and chemotherapy (median 40 vs. 34 days; p < 0.001). A higher trend for POC was reported among the older patients but did not impact the survival outcomes. After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall survival was shorter among the older patients (HR = 3.322, 95% CI 1.49–7.39), but relative survival was not statistically correlated to the age group (HR = 0.873, 95% CI 0.383–1.992). Conclusions: Older patients with CRC were more prone to severe POC, but age did not impact the relative survival of patients with T4 colorectal cancer. Older patients should not be denied surgery based on age alone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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16 pages, 1202 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promising Effects of Digital Chest Tube Drainage System for Pulmonary Resection: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

by Po-Chih Chang, Kai-Hua Chen, Hong-Jie Jhou, Cho-Hao Lee, Shah-Hwa Chou, Po-Huang Chen and Ting-Wei Chang

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(4), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040512 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3323

Abstract

Objective: The chest tube drainage system (CTDS) of choice for the pleural cavity after pulmonary resection remains controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess the length of hospital stay, chest tube placement duration, and prolonged air leak among different types of CTDS. Methods: This systemic review and NMA included 21 randomized controlled trials (3399 patients) in PubMed and Embase until 1 June 2021. We performed a frequentist random effect in our NMA, and a P-score was adopted to determine the best treatment. We assessed the clinical efficacy of different CTDSs (digital/suction/non-suction) using the length of hospital stay, chest tube placement duration, and presence of prolonged air leak. Results: Based on the NMA, digital CTDS was the most beneficial intervention for the length of hospital stay, being 1.4 days less than that of suction CTDS (mean difference (MD): −1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.20 to −0.60). Digital CTDS also had significantly reduced chest tube placement duration, being 0.68 days less than that of suction CTDSs (MD: −0.68; 95% CI: −1.32 to −0.04). Neither digital nor non-suction CTDS significantly reduced the risk of prolonged air leak. Conclusions: Digital CTDS is associated with better outcomes than suction and non-suction CTDS for patients undergoing pulmonary resections, specifically 0.68 days shorter chest tube duration and 1.4 days shorter hospital stay than suction CTDS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Personalized Approach to Radical Cystectomy Can Decrease Its Complication Rates

by Przemyslaw Adamczyk, Pawel Poblocki, Cyprian Michalik, Mateusz Kadlubowski, Jan Adamowicz, Witold Mikolajczak, Tomasz Drewa and Kajetan Juszczak

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(2), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020281 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1327

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a patient’s general status on perioperative morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy, and to assess which of the used scales is best for the prediction of major complications. The data of 331 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, who underwent radical cystectomy, were analyzed. The general status was assessed according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and Geriatric-8 (G-8) scales. Complications were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system. In a group of patients with the highest complication rate according to the Clavien–Dindo scale, (i) statistically more patients rated high according to the ASA and ECOG scales, (ii) patients had significantly higher CCI scores (minor complications (I-II), and (iii) there were significantly more patients rated as frail with G8—predominantly those with 11 points or fewer in the scale. A patient’s general status should be assessed before the start of therapy because patients with a high risk of death or serious complications (evaluated with any rating scale) should be offered conservative treatment. None of the scales can describe the risk of cystectomy, because the percentage of patients with major complications among those who achieved worse score results on any scale was not significantly different from the percentage of patients with major complications in the general group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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10 pages, 904 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hemodynamic Monitoring by Smartphone—Preliminary Report from a Comparative Prospective Observational Study

by Michał P. Pluta, Magdalena Dziech, Mateusz N. Zachura, Anna J. Szczepańska, Piotr F. Czempik, Piotr S. Liberski and Łukasz J. Krzych

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020200 - 1 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1809

Abstract

Background: Advanced hemodynamic monitoring supports making therapeutic decisions in critically ill patients. New technologies, including mobile health, have been introduced into the hemodynamic monitoring armamentarium. However, each monitoring method has potential limitations—content, technical and organizational. The aim of this study was to assess the comparability between measurements obtained with two arterial pressure cardiac output methods: Capstesia™ smartphone hemodynamic software (CS) and LiDCO Rapid™ uncalibrated hemodynamic monitor (LR). Methods: The initial analysis included 16 patients in the period 06–09 2020 without limitations that could make the results obtained unreliable. Eighty pairs of cardiac output measurements were obtained. The comparability of cardiac output results obtained with both methods was assessed using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (R), the intra-class correlation (CCC) and the Bland–Altman curves analysis (B-A). Results: The median (IQR) cardiac output measured with CS and LR were 4.6 (3.9–5.7) and 5.5 (4.6–7.4) L min⁻¹, respectively. In the B-A analysis, CS cardiac output values were on average 1.2 (95% CI −2.1–4.4) L min^-1 lower than LR values. The correlation between cardiac output with CS and LR was moderate (r = 0.5; p = 0.04). After adjusting for the presence of the dicrotic notch on the pulse waveform, in the group of eight patients with a visible dicrotic notch, the CS and LR results differed by only 0.1 (95% CI −0.8–1.1) L min⁻¹, the correlation between CS and LR was close to complete (r = 0.96; p < 0.001), and the percentage error was 40%, with a CCC-CS of 0.98 (95% CI 0.95–0.99). Conclusions: The Capstesia^TM smartphone software can provide an alternative method of cardiac output assessment in patients meeting arterial pressure cardiac output evaluation criteria with a clearly discernible dicrotic notch on the arterial pulse pressure waveform. It is necessary to confirm the obtained observations on a larger group of patients; however, it may potentially make objective hemodynamic measurements ubiquitous in patients with invasive arterial pressure monitoring with a clearly discernible dicrotic notch. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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9 pages, 393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Strategy to Use Sugammadex to Reduce Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after da Vinci Surgery: A Retrospective Study

by Kuang-I. Cheng, Jockey Tse and Tzu-Ying Li

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010052 - 5 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1827

Abstract

In 2000, the da Vinci Surgery System was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for general laparoscopic surgery and it became the first commercially available robotic surgery system. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing da Vinci surgery and to observe whether the incidence of PPCs was affected by the usage of Sugammadex. Sugammadex is a gamma-cyclodextrin that encapsulates and subsequently inactivates steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had undergone da Vinci surgery in a single medical center in southern Taiwan during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. We extracted data on patient characteristics, usage of Sugammadex and PPCs for analysis. Three hundred and thirty-three patients were enrolled in the final analysis. While the overall incidence of PPCs was 30.3% (101/333 patients), the incidence of PCC in patients who received Sugammadex (24.2%) was significantly lower than those without (37.3%) (p = 0.001). Risk factors that appeared to be closely associated with PCC included age, malignancy, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, blood loss amount and anemia. The use of Sugammadex decreased the risk of PPC. In order to enhance early recovery after da Vinci surgery, the use of Sugammadex to rapidly reverse muscle relaxants may be an appropriate choice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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11 pages, 1111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning Approach Using Routine Immediate Postoperative Laboratory Values for Predicting Postoperative Mortality

by Jaehyeong Cho, Jimyung Park, Eugene Jeong, Jihye Shin, Sangjeong Ahn, Min Geun Park, Rae Woong Park and Yongkeun Park

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(12), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121271 - 1 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1837

Abstract

Background: Several prediction models have been proposed for preoperative risk stratification for mortality. However, few studies have investigated postoperative risk factors, which have a significant influence on survival after surgery. This study aimed to develop prediction models using routine immediate postoperative laboratory values for predicting postoperative mortality. Methods: Two tertiary hospital databases were used in this research: one for model development and another for external validation of the resulting models. The following algorithms were utilized for model development: LASSO logistic regression, random forest, deep neural network, and XGBoost. We built the models on the lab values from immediate postoperative blood tests and compared them with the SASA scoring system to demonstrate their efficacy. Results: There were 3817 patients who had immediate postoperative blood test values. All models trained on immediate postoperative lab values outperformed the SASA model. Furthermore, the developed random forest model had the best AUROC of 0.82 and AUPRC of 0.13, and the phosphorus level contributed the most to the random forest model. Conclusions: Machine learning models trained on routine immediate postoperative laboratory values outperformed previously published approaches in predicting 30-day postoperative mortality, indicating that they may be beneficial in identifying patients at increased risk of postoperative death. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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7 pages, 218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Virtual Reality Devices on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy Performed under Local Anaesthesia

by Mateusz Łuczak, Łukasz Nowak, Joanna Chorbińska, Katarzyna Galik, Paweł Kiełb, Jan Łaszkiewicz, Andrzej Tukiendorf, Katarzyna Kościelska-Kasprzak, Bartosz Małkiewicz, Romuald Zdrojowy, Tomasz Szydełko and Wojciech Krajewski

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(11), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111214 - 16 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2309

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its diagnosis is based on transurethral cystoscopy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional world generated through the projection of images, the emission of sounds and other stimuli. VR has been proven to be a very effective “distractor” and, thus, a useful tool in managing pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of VR sets is technically feasible during the cystoscopy and whether the use of VR devices would reduce the degree of ailments associated with the procedure; Methods: The study prospectively included both men and women who qualified for rigid cystoscopy due to both primary and follow-up diagnostics. The study group underwent rigid cystoscopy with the VR set and the control group underwent the procedure without the VR set. Patients enrolled in both groups were subjected to blood pressure, heart rate and saturation measurements before, during and after the procedure. Additionally, the patients were asked to describe the severity of fear, pain sensations and nausea associated with the procedure. Non-verbal pain manifestations were assessed using the adult adjusted Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale; Results: The study population included 103 patients (74M/29F; mean age 64.4 years). Pain intensity differed significantly between the groups, reaching lower values in the VR group. In all analyzed subgroups the use of the VR set was associated with higher levels of nausea. The mean FLACC score reached higher values for patients without the VR set. Blood pressure as well as heart rate increased during the procedure and decreased afterwards. The increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate was statistically higher in the control group; Conclusions: This study confirmed that cystoscopy is associated with considerable preprocedural fear and severe pain. Blood pressure and heart rate rise significantly during the cystoscopy. VR sets can lower pain perception during cystoscopy, but they may cause moderate nausea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

13 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Elevated De Ritis Ratio as a Predictor for Acute Kidney Injury after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

by Jun-Young Park, Jihion Yu, Jun Hyuk Hong, Bumjin Lim, Youngdo Kim, Jai-Hyun Hwang and Young-Kug Kim

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(9), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090836 - 25 Aug 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1784

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is related to mortality and morbidity. The De Ritis ratio, calculated by dividing the aspartate aminotransferase by the alanine aminotransferase, is used as a prognostic indicator. We evaluated risk factors for AKI after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). This retrospective study included patients who performed RRP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted. Other postoperative outcomes were also evaluated. Among the 1415 patients, 77 (5.4%) had AKI postoperatively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin level, and the De Ritis ratio at postoperative day 1 were risk factors for AKI. The area under the ROC curve of the De Ritis ratio at postoperative day 1 was 0.801 (cutoff = 1.2). Multivariable-adjusted analysis revealed that the De Ritis ratio at ≥1.2 was significantly related to AKI (odds ratio = 8.637, p < 0.001). Postoperative AKI was associated with longer hospitalization duration (11 ± 5 days vs. 10 ± 4 days, p = 0.002). These results collectively show that an elevated De Ritis ratio at postoperative day 1 is associated with AKI after RRP in patients with prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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16 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Screening for Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Assessment the Disse Insulin Resistance Index and Hospital Prognosis of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

by Alexey N. Sumin, Natalia A. Bezdenezhnykh, Andrey V. Bezdenezhnykh, Anastasia V. Osokina, Anastasiya A. Kuz’mina, Anna V. Tsepokina and Olga L. Barbarash

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(8), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080802 - 17 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1873

Abstract

Objective: To study insulin resistance markers and their relationship with preoperative status and hospital complications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and normoglycemia. Methods: We included 383 consecutive patients who underwent CABG. Patients were divided into two groups—with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD, n = 192) and without CMD (n = 191). Free fatty acids and fasting insulin in plasma were determined, and the Disse, QUICKI and revised QUICKI indices were calculated in all patients. Perioperative characteristics and postoperative complications were analyzed in these groups, and their relations with markers of insulin resistance. Results: Screening before CABG increased the number of patients with CMD from 25.3% to 50.1%. Incidence of postoperative stroke (p = 0.044), and hospital stay after CABG > 30 days (p = 0.014) was greater in CMD patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in left atrial size, age, aortic clamping time, and decrease in Disse index were independently associated with hospital stay >10 days and/or perioperative complications. Conclusions: Screening for CMD before CABG increased the patient number with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. In the CMD group, there were more frequent hospital complications. The Disse index was an independent predictor of long hospital stay and/or poor outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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Other

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27 pages, 5113 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Postoperative Analgesic Effectiveness of Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

by Choongun Ryu, Geun Joo Choi, Yong Hun Jung, Chong Wha Baek, Choon Kyu Cho and Hyun Kang

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(4), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040634 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2802

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs), including each anatomical approach, with or without intrathecal morphine (ITMP) in cesarean delivery (CD). All relevant randomized controlled trials comparing the analgesic effectiveness of PNBs with or without ITMP after CD until July 2021. The two co-primary outcomes were designated as (1) pain at rest 6 h after surgery and (2) postoperative cumulative 24-h morphine equivalent consumption. Secondary outcomes were the time to first analgesic request, pain at rest 24 h, and dynamic pain 6 and 24 h after surgery. Seventy-six studies (6278 women) were analyzed. The combined ilioinguinal nerve and anterior transversus abdominis plane (II-aTAP) block in conjunction with ITMP had the highest SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve) values for postoperative rest pain at 6 h (88.4%) and 24-h morphine consumption (99.4%). Additionally, ITMP, ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in conjunction with ITMP, lateral TAP block, and wound infiltration (WI) or continuous infusion (WC) below the fascia also showed a significant reduction in two co-primary outcomes. Only the II-aTAP block had a statistically significant additional analgesic effect compared to ITMP alone on rest pain at 6 h after surgery (−7.60 (−12.49, −2.70)). In conclusion, combined II-aTAP block in conjunction with ITMP is the most effective post-cesarean analgesic strategy with lower rest pain at 6 h and cumulative 24-h morphine consumption. Using the six described analgesic strategies for postoperative pain management after CD is considered reasonable. Lateral TAP block, WI, and WC below the fascia may be useful alternatives in patients with a history of sensitivity or severe adverse effects to opioids or when the CD is conducted under general anesthesia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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41 pages, 18497 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceSystematic Review

Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery Versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Complex Renal Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Yung-Hao Liu, Hong-Jie Jhou, Meng-Han Chou, Sheng-Tang Wu, Tai-Lung Cha, Dah-Shyong Yu, Guang-Huan Sun, Po-Huang Chen and En Meng

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(4), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040532 - 28 Mar 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3115

Abstract

Background: Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) adds ureteroscopic vision to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), which can be helpful when dealing with complex renal stones. Yet, there is still no consensus on the superiority of ECIRS. We aimed to critically analyze the available evidence of studies comparing efficacy, safety, bleeding risk, and efficiency of ECIRS and PCNL. Methods: We searched for studies comparing efficacy (initial and final stone-free rate), safety (postoperative fever, overall and severe complications), efficiency (operative time and hospital stay) and bleeding risk between ECIRS and PCNL. Meta-analysis was performed. Results: Seven studies (919 patients) were identified. ECIRS provided a significantly higher initial stone-free rate, higher final stone-free rate, lower overall complications, lower severe complications, and lower rate of requiring blood transfusion. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative fever, hemoglobin drop, operative time, and hospital stay. In the subgroup analysis, both minimally invasive and conventional ECIRS were associated with a higher stone-free rate and lower complication outcomes. Conclusions: When treating complex renal stones, ECIRS has a better stone-free rate, fewer complications, and requires fewer blood transfusions compared with PCNL. Subgroups either with minimally invasive or conventional intervention showed a consistent trend. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postoperative Complications and Personalized Medicine)

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