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Medicina
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Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease
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Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2024) | Viewed by 8917

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sandeep K. Dhallu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
Interests: optometry; dry eye; cornea; ocular nutrition, contact lenses; intraocular lenses
Prof. Dr. Jennifer P. Craig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Ocular Surface Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
2. Optometry and Vision Sciences Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
3. Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Interests: dry eye disease; ocular surface disease; meibomian gland dysfunction; tear film; contact lenses; microbial keratitis; refractive surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocular surface health is important in maintaining normal vision and may be affected by several disease processes including dry eye disease, which is now one of the most prevalent ophthalmic conditions globally. Its growth has been driven by factors including the rapid increase in the use of electronic devices and an ageing population.

Medical management of ocular surface diseases can help to reduce inflammation, resolve infection, improve the tear film, and alleviate patient symptoms. Treatment options include topical and systemic medications, light therapies, and lifestyle adjustments. Ocular surface diseases are often multifactorial and thus require a multifaceted treatment approach. The development of long-lasting therapies is vital for the effective management of the chronic ocular surface diseases.

The objective of this Special Issue on ‘Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease’ is to summarize the frequently encountered ocular surface diseases and the latest developments in their diagnosis and treatment as well as emerging management options.

Dr. Sandeep K. Dhallu
Prof. Dr. Jennifer P. Craig
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • ocular surface disease
  • demodex infestation
  • blepharitis
  • meibomian gland dysfunction
  • allergic conjunctivitis
  • dry eye disease
  • epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
  • Salzmann’s nodular degeneration
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 4146 KiB  
Article
Sutureless Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane (Omnigen) Application Using a Specialised Bandage Contact Lens (OmniLenz) for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A 6-Month Randomised Control Trial
by Sònia Travé-Huarte and James S. Wolffsohn
Medicina 2024, 60(6), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060985 - 15 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterised by tear film instability and ocular surface disruption, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to provide top-level clinical evidence for the long-term efficacy of dehydrated amniotic membrane [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterised by tear film instability and ocular surface disruption, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to provide top-level clinical evidence for the long-term efficacy of dehydrated amniotic membrane (dAM, Omnigen®) delivered via a specialised bandage contact lens (sBCL, OmniLenz) for managing moderate-to-severe DED. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial (NCT04553432) involved 93 participants with moderate-to-severe DED, randomised to receive a 1-week bilateral treatment of either dAM (17 mm diameter with 6 mm central ‘window’) applied under a sBCL or sBCL alone. Participants were assessed at baseline and followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Outcomes included changes in symptomatology, tear film and ocular surface measurements, and in vivo confocal microscopy imaging of corneal nerve parameters and corneal dendritic cell (CDC) counts. Results: The dAM-sBCL group demonstrated a 65% reduction in OSDI scores at 6 months (p < 0.001), with 88% of participants showing improvement at 1 month. Corneal staining was significantly reduced in both groups. dAM-sBCL provided significant improvements in corneal nerve parameters at 1 month, with sustained positive trends at 3 months. Additionally, dAM-sBCL significantly reduced mature CDC counts, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions: Treatment with dAM-sBCL for just 1 week significantly and rapidly improved dry eye symptoms as well as ocular surface signs for at least 3 months. It also enhanced corneal nerve health while reducing activated/mature corneal inflammatory cell numbers, presenting a safe and promising new treatment for moderate-to-severe DED. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease)
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Review

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12 pages, 6506 KiB  
Review
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Review of Applications for the Cornea and Ocular Surface
by Brian Juin Hsien Lee, Kai Yuan Tey, Ezekiel Ze Ken Cheong, Qiu Ying Wong, Chloe Si Qi Chua and Marcus Ang
Medicina 2024, 60(10), 1597; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101597 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 951
Abstract
Dye-based angiography is the main imaging modality in evaluating the vasculature of the eye. Although most commonly used to assess retinal vasculature, it can also delineate normal and abnormal blood vessels in the anterior segment diseases—but is limited due to its invasive, time-consuming [...] Read more.
Dye-based angiography is the main imaging modality in evaluating the vasculature of the eye. Although most commonly used to assess retinal vasculature, it can also delineate normal and abnormal blood vessels in the anterior segment diseases—but is limited due to its invasive, time-consuming methods. Thus, anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) is a useful non-invasive modality capable of producing high-resolution images to evaluate the cornea and ocular surface vasculature. AS-OCTA has demonstrated the potential to detect and delineate blood vessels in the anterior segment with quality images comparable to dye-based angiography. AS-OCTA has a diverse range of applications for the cornea and ocular surface, such as objective assessment of corneal neovascularization and response to various treatments; diagnosis and evaluation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia; and evaluation of ocular surface disease including limbal stem cell deficiency and ischemia. Our review aims to summarize the new developments and clinical applications of AS-OCTA for the cornea and ocular surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease)
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18 pages, 753 KiB  
Review
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease: Considerations for Clinical Management
by Alexis Ceecee Britten-Jones, Michael T. M. Wang, Isaac Samuels, Catherine Jennings, Fiona Stapleton and Jennifer P. Craig
Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1458; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091458 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 4060
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition characterised by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. Understanding the epidemiology of dry eye disease and recognising both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can assist eye care practitioners in assessing, treating, and managing patients [...] Read more.
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition characterised by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. Understanding the epidemiology of dry eye disease and recognising both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can assist eye care practitioners in assessing, treating, and managing patients with the condition. This review considers current knowledge surrounding its incidence and prevalence, as well as associated demographic, systemic, ocular, and iatrogenic, and lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors. Population-based prevalence estimates vary according to the diagnostic criteria used to define dry eye disease, as well as severity and demographic characteristics of the population. Considering recent data and variable population demographics, conservative prevalence estimates suggest that 10–20% of the population over 40 years of age report moderate to severe symptoms and/or seek treatment for dry eye disease. Individuals with specific non-modifiable demographic risk factors may be at increased risk of developing dry eye disease. Advanced age, female sex and East Asian ethnicity have been identified as key non-modifiable demographic features predisposing individuals to dry eye disease. Systemic conditions that have been associated with an increased risk of dry eye disease include migraine, Sjögren syndrome, connective tissue disorders, mental health disorders, diabetes mellitus and androgen deficiency. Medications that may contribute to this risk include antidepressants, antihistamines, and hormone replacement therapy. Ocular and iatrogenic risk factors of dry eye disease include blepharitis, Demodex infestation, ocular surgery, blink completeness, contact lens wear, and topical ophthalmic medications. A range of modifiable lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of dry eye disease have also been identified, including low humidity environments, digital screen use, quality of sleep, diet, and eye cosmetic wear. Dry eye is a common disease affecting millions globally. Increasing knowledge regarding its associated risk factors can better prepare the eye care practitioner to successfully manage patients with this ocular surface disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Ocular Surface Disease)
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