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Metabolites
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Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease
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Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 16554

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Galina Nikolova

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Interests: oxidative stress; diabetes; natural antioxidants; asthma; free radicals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yanka Karamalakova

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Interests: natural antioxidants; synthetic drugs; antioxidant compounds; cellular protective mechanism; cellular functionality; oxidative stress; ROS/RNS; lipid peroxidation; inflammation; ROS/RNS metabolisms; fibrosis; preterm pregnancy; neurodegenerative disease; D-ROM test; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Julian Ananiev

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Guest Editor
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Interests: immunehistochemistry; molecular pathology; nephropathology; grouth factors; tumor pathogenesis
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma

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Guest Editor
SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India
Interests: radiation stress; free radicals; radioprotectors; biothreat mitigators
Dr. Raj Kumar

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Guest Editor
Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
Interests: biotechnology; radiation stress; free radicals; radioprotectors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) is known to mediate the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, and is a key factor in inducing oxidative damage in cells, tissues and organs. In a healthy human body, there is a delicate balance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and endogenous antioxidants. The abnormal production of oxidants and the inability of the body to regulate the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants is associated with the development of various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, endocrine, cancerous diseases and others.

Biological markers are a large group of medical and biochemical indicators of many biochemical and physiological changes. They can be measured accurately and reproducibly, which allows the assessment of normal biological processes, responses to pharmacological therapies and therapeutic intervention, pathological changes in the human body, as well as the early diagnosis or detection and monitoring of various diseases. The monitoring of biomarkers for oxidative stress allows the assessment of oxidative damage and the severity of disease.

In this Special Issue, special emphasis is placed on research on the identification and measurement of free radicals that reflect acute or chronic oxidative stress and their role in inflammatory and infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We are interested in the development of new methodologies or the modification of established methodological protocols for the qualitative and quantitative determination of ROS and RNS in biological systems and the organism as a whole.

Original research papers, short reports, hypotheses and literature reviews describing the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of oxidative-stress-induced human diseases and the tracking of biological markers of OS will be considered. We encourage the presentation of research and clinical research in the field of free-radical damage and the identification of biomarkers of oxidative stress, which will contribute to progress in this complex matter and allow outlining future directions for work.

Topics of interest for this Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Oxidative stress;
  • Antioxidants;
  • Free radicals;
  • Methods for the diagnosis of free radicals;
  • Cancer;
  • Diabetes;
  • COVID-19;
  • Oxidative settlements;
  • Inflammation;
  • Viral Infections.

Dr. Galina Nikolova
Dr. Yanka Karamalakova
Dr. Julian Ananiev
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Dr. Raj Kumar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid peroxidation MDA
  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • nitric oxide (NO)
  • superoxide dismutase SOD
  • catalase CAT
  • glutathione peroxidase GSH

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1785 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) in Penile Corpora Cavernosa and Peripheral Blood of Peyronie’s Disease Patients: A Report of 49 Cases
by Gianni Paulis, Andrea Paulis, Giovanni De Giorgio and Salvatore Quattrocchi
Metabolites 2024, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14010055 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2115
Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the penile albuginea. Oxidative stress (OS) is important for the development of the disease; therefore, it seemed interesting to us to directly measure OS at both the site of the disease and in peripheral [...] Read more.
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the penile albuginea. Oxidative stress (OS) is important for the development of the disease; therefore, it seemed interesting to us to directly measure OS at both the site of the disease and in peripheral blood. For a precise OS study, it is necessary to evaluate not only the single results of the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) but also their ratio: OS index (OSI) (arbitrary unit) = TOS/TAS × 100. This study included 49 PD patients examined and diagnosed in our Peyronie’s care center and a control group of 50 cases. We collected blood samples from both the penis and a vein in the upper extremity; we used d-ROMs and PAT-test (FRAS kit) for OS measurement. Pearson’s study found a statistical correlation between penile OSI values and PD plaque volumes: p-value = 0.002. No correlation was found between systemic OSI values and PD plaque volumes: p-value = 0.27. Penile OSI values were significantly reduced after the elimination of the PD plaque (p < 0.00001). The mean value of the penile OSI indices in the PD patients after plaque elimination corresponded to 0.090 ± 0.016 (p = 0.004). The comparison between the penile OSI values of the PD patients (with plaque elimination) and the control group revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.130). The absence of a correlation between Peyronie’s plaque volume and systemic OSI values indicates that it is preferable to carry out the OS study by taking a sample directly from the site of the disease. By carrying out a penile OSI study, it would be possible to obtain a precise plaque-volume-dependent oxidative marker. Even if the study did not demonstrate any correlation between OSI indices and anxious–depressive state, we detected a high prevalence of anxiety (81.6%) and depression (59.1%) in PD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease)
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15 pages, 2912 KiB  
Article
Effects of Seven Weeks of Combined Physical Training on High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality in Overweight/Obese Subjects
by Tiziana Bacchetti, Camilla Morresi, Gianna Ferretti, Anders Larsson, Torbjörn Åkerfeldt and Michael Svensson
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101068 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on HDL composition and functional properties in overweight/obese subjects. Eighteen overweight/obese subjects (nine F and nine M, BMI = 30.3 ± 3 kg/m2) attended supervised training for 7 weeks. The protocol included [...] Read more.
Our study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on HDL composition and functional properties in overweight/obese subjects. Eighteen overweight/obese subjects (nine F and nine M, BMI = 30.3 ± 3 kg/m2) attended supervised training for 7 weeks. The protocol included combined resistance and conditioning training four to five times each week. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) associated with HDL was evaluated in all subjects before and after the training intervention. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and oxidative stress markers (ox-LDLs and total antioxidant capacity) were studied in the serums of the subjects. At the end of the intervention, the activity of PON1 was increased (p < 0.0001), and MPO levels and the MPO/PON1 ratio were decreased (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant improvement in muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in total and visceral adipose tissue mass (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.008), without any significant decrease in body weight, were observed. A significant correlation was established between serum MPO/PON ratios, HDL redox activity and ox-LDLs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that exercise training, without modifications of dietary habits, improved HDL functionality in overweight/obese adults, without any significant reduction in BMI or modifications of glucose and lipid biochemical parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease)
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16 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Counters Oxidative Stress/Inflammation-Driven Symptoms in Long COVID-19 Patients: Preliminary Outcomes
by Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Alessandra Vezzoli, Giacomo Garetto, Matteo Paganini, Enrico Camporesi, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Cinzia Dellanoce, Jacopo Agrimi and Gerardo Bosco
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101032 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5191
Abstract
Long COVID-19 patients show systemic inflammation and persistent symptoms such as fatigue and malaise, profoundly affecting their quality of life. Since improving oxygenation can oppose inflammation at multiple tissue levels, we hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could arrest inflammation progression and thus [...] Read more.
Long COVID-19 patients show systemic inflammation and persistent symptoms such as fatigue and malaise, profoundly affecting their quality of life. Since improving oxygenation can oppose inflammation at multiple tissue levels, we hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could arrest inflammation progression and thus relieve symptoms of COVID-19. We evaluated oxy-inflammation biomarkers in long COVID-19 subjects treated with HBOT and monitored with non-invasive methods. Five subjects (two athletes and three patients with other comorbidities) were assigned to receive HBOT: 100% inspired O2 at 2.4 ATA in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber for 90 min (three athletes: 15 HBOT × 5 days/wk for 3 weeks; two patients affected by Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: 30 HBOT × 5 days/wk for 6 weeks; and one patient with osteomyelitis: 30 HBOT × 5 days/wk for week for 6 weeks and, after a 30-day break, followed by a second cycle of 20 HBOT). Using saliva and/or urine samples, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant capacity, cytokines, lipids peroxidation, DNA damage, and renal status were assessed at T1_pre (basal level) and at T2_pre (basal level after treatment), and the results showed attenuated ROS production, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NO metabolites, and inflammation biomarker levels, especially in the athletes post-treatment. Thus, HBOT may represent an alternative non-invasive method for treating long COVID-19-induced long-lasting manifestations of oxy-inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease)
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21 pages, 15646 KiB  
Article
Curcumin and Vitamin C Attenuate Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Distinctive Reactive Species
by Anamaria Magdalena Tomşa, Andreea Liana Răchişan, Stanca Lucia Pandrea, Andreea Benea, Ana Uifălean, Corina Toma, Roxana Popa, Alina Elena Pârvu and Lia Monica Junie
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010049 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
Gentamicin remains widely used in all age groups despite its well-documented nephrotoxicity; however, no adjuvant therapies have been established to counteract this side effect. Our study aimed to experimentally determine whether curcumin and vitamin C have nephroprotective effects and whether certain reactive species [...] Read more.
Gentamicin remains widely used in all age groups despite its well-documented nephrotoxicity; however, no adjuvant therapies have been established to counteract this side effect. Our study aimed to experimentally determine whether curcumin and vitamin C have nephroprotective effects and whether certain reactive species could be used as markers of early gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Wistar adult male rats were evenly distributed into four groups: control, gentamicin, curcumin and gentamicin, vitamin C and gentamicin (gentamicin: 60 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, 7 days). We determined renal function (urea, creatinine), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, 3-nitrotyrosine, total oxidative stress), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status (thiols, total antioxidant capacity, interleukin-10). Nephrotoxicity was successfully induced, as shown by the elevated creatinine levels in the gentamicin group. In contrast, supplementation with curcumin and vitamin C prevented an increase in urea levels while decreasing total oxidative stress levels compared to the gentamicin group. Moreover, vitamin C and curcumin distinctively modulate the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Histological analysis showed more discrete lesions in rats that received vitamin C compared to the curcumin group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease)
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24 pages, 3158 KiB  
Article
Impaired Neurovascular Function Underlies Poor Neurocognitive Outcomes and Is Associated with Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Congenital Heart Disease
by Vanessa J. Schmithorst, Phillip S. Adams, Daryaneh Badaly, Vincent K. Lee, Julia Wallace, Nancy Beluk, Jodie K. Votava-Smith, Jacqueline G. Weinberg, Sue R. Beers, Jon Detterich, John C. Wood, Cecilia W. Lo and Ashok Panigrahy
Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090882 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2847
Abstract
We use a non-invasive MRI proxy of neurovascular function (pnvf) to assess the ability of the vasculature to supply baseline metabolic demand, to compare pediatric and young adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients to normal referents and relate the proxy to neurocognitive outcomes [...] Read more.
We use a non-invasive MRI proxy of neurovascular function (pnvf) to assess the ability of the vasculature to supply baseline metabolic demand, to compare pediatric and young adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients to normal referents and relate the proxy to neurocognitive outcomes and nitric oxide bioavailability. In a prospective single-center study, resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI scans were successfully obtained from 24 CHD patients (age = 15.4 ± 4.06 years) and 63 normal referents (age = 14.1 ± 3.49) years. Pnvf was computed on a voxelwise basis as the negative of the ratio of functional connectivity strength (FCS) estimated from the resting-state BOLD acquisition to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as estimated from the ASL acquisition. Pnvf was used to predict end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) levels and compared to those estimated from the BOLD data. Nitric oxide availability was obtained via nasal measurements (nNO). Pnvf was compared on a voxelwise basis between CHD patients and normal referents and correlated with nitric oxide availability and neurocognitive outcomes as assessed via the NIH Toolbox. Pnvf was shown as highly predictive of PETCO2 using theoretical modeling. Pnvf was found to be significantly reduced in CHD patients in default mode network (DMN, comprising the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate/precuneus), salience network (SN, comprising the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate), and central executive network (CEN, comprising posterior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions with similar findings noted in single cardiac ventricle patients. Positive correlations of Pnvf in these brain regions, as well as the hippocampus, were found with neurocognitive outcomes. Similarly, positive correlations between Pnvf and nitric oxide availability were found in frontal DMN and CEN regions, with particularly strong correlations in subcortical regions (putamen). Reduced Pnvf in CHD patients was found to be mediated by nNO. Mediation analyses further supported that reduced Pnvf in these regions underlies worse neurocognitive outcome in CHD patients and is associated with nitric oxide bioavailability. Impaired neuro-vascular function, which may be non-invasively estimated via combined arterial-spin label and BOLD MR imaging, is a nitric oxide bioavailability dependent factor implicated in adverse neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric and young adult CHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Disease)
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