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Nutrients
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Interactions between Probiotics, the Gut Microbiome, and Immunity
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Interactions between Probiotics, the Gut Microbiome, and Immunity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2025 | Viewed by 1869

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Flávio Aimbire Soares de Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil
Interests: ARDS; asthma; COPD; COVID-19; probiotic bacteria; anti-inflammatory therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Probiotics modulate the immune system from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. In the intestinal microenvironment, dendritic cells recognize the probiotic and thus secrete cytokines with the ability to induce the polarization of naive T cells toward the population of Treg cells secreting IL-10. Both Treg cells and the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 are driven to lymphoid tissue in distant organs to attenuate the pro-inflammatory response. In this context, the immune response is crucial for the anti-inflammatory action of probiotics. In this scenario, probiotic-rich foods in the diet or taking probiotic supplements can promote a healthy and balanced intestinal microbiota, reduce the colonization of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations, and modulate the immune system. In that regard, the investigation of the bacterial population in the gut microbiota is critical to understanding the influence of intestinal dysbiosis on inflammatory chronic disease. Thus, new studies addressing both the action mechanisms of probiotic agents on the immune response and the evaluation of the gut microbiota are necessary. For this reason, the present Special Issue welcomes authors to submit studies that address the following topics:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases, the gut microbiota, and the immune response.

Dr. Flávio Aimbire Soares de Carvalho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • chronic inflammatory disease
  • gut microbiota
  • immune response
  • anti-inflammatory response
  • action mechanism
  • cell signaling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1364 KiB  
Article
Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics for Allergic Rhinitis: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
by Lisa Lungaro, Patrizia Malfa, Francesca Manza, Anna Costanzini, Guido Valentini, Diletta Francesca Squarzanti, Elisa Viciani, Alena Velichevskaya, Andrea Castagnetti, Marianna Barbalinardo, Denis Gentili, Alessio Cariani, Sara Ghisellini, Fabio Caputo, Roberto De Giorgio and Giacomo Caio
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4173; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234173 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 965
Abstract
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease affecting the upper airways of predisposed subjects exposed to aeroallergens. This study evaluates the effects of a mix of specific probiotics (L. acidophilus PBS066, L. rhamnosus LRH020, B. breve BB077, and B. longum subsp. [...] Read more.
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease affecting the upper airways of predisposed subjects exposed to aeroallergens. This study evaluates the effects of a mix of specific probiotics (L. acidophilus PBS066, L. rhamnosus LRH020, B. breve BB077, and B. longum subsp. longum BLG240) on symptoms and fecal microbiota modulation in subjects with AR. Methods: Probiotic effects were evaluated at the beginning (T0), at four and eight weeks of treatment (T1 and T2, respectively), and after four weeks of follow-up from the end of treatment (T3) (n = 19) compared to the placebo group (n = 22). AR symptoms and quality of life were evaluated by the mini rhinitis quality of life questionnaire (MiniRQLQ) at each time point. Allergic immune response and fecal microbiota compositions were assessed at T0, T2, and T3. The study was registered on Clinical-Trial.gov (NCT05344352). Results: The probiotic group showed significant improvement in the MiniRQLQ score at T1, T2, and T3 vs. T0 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). At T2, the probiotic group showed an increase in Dorea, which can be negatively associated with allergic diseases, and Fusicatenibacter, an intestinal bacterial genus with anti-inflammatory properties (p-value FDR-corrected = 0.0074 and 0.013, respectively). Conversely, at T3 the placebo group showed an increase in Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae unassigned, (p-value FDR-corrected = 0.033 and 0.023, respectively) which can be associated with allergies, while the probiotic group showed a significative increase in the Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio (p-value FDR-corrected = 0.023). Conclusions: This probiotic formulation improves symptoms and quality of life in subjects with AR, promoting a shift towards anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic bacterial species in the intestinal microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Probiotics, the Gut Microbiome, and Immunity)
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13 pages, 2432 KiB  
Article
Results from a Cross-Sectional Observational Study Examining Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Six Months After Finishing Their Participation in the ViIBS Trial
by Henning Sommermeyer, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Malgorzata Bernatek, Pawel Olszewski, Jaroslaw Kopczynski and Jacek Piątek
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3911; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223911 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Background/Objectives. A recent clinical (ViIBS) trial investigating the effects of a balanced multi-strain synbiotic in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients showed that twelve weeks of treatment resulted in significant improvements across all major IBS symptoms. The current observational study pursued three aims: investigate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives. A recent clinical (ViIBS) trial investigating the effects of a balanced multi-strain synbiotic in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients showed that twelve weeks of treatment resulted in significant improvements across all major IBS symptoms. The current observational study pursued three aims: investigate patients’ attitude towards the intake of pro- or synbiotics during the six months after finishing their trial participation, determine the severity of IBS symptoms, and assess IBS diagnosis scores. Methods. During a single six-month follow-up examination, patients were asked about the intake of probiotics or synbiotics. For the study, former placebo-group patients who abstained from taking probiotics were compared with synbiotic-group patients who continued taking the tested synbiotic. IBS symptom severity was assessed with the IBS—Severity of Symptoms Scale and the IBS diagnosis score with the IBS questionnaire of the World Gastroenterology Organisation. Results. The control group comprised 17 patients (out of 70 from the placebo group participating in the follow-up) and the treatment group 75 (out of 91 examined). IBS symptom severity was significantly lower in the treatment group (23.5 ± 33.1) than in the placebo group (232.6 ± 35.1). IBS diagnosis scores were 5.9 ± 2.5 and 21.2 ± 2.0 in the treatment and control group, respectively. Conclusions. Measurement values for the treatment group indicate the absence of IBS. The results indicate that the prolonged administration of the balanced multi-strain synbiotic can potentially reduce IBS symptom severity and IBS diagnosis scores to levels indicating the absence of IBS, an observation to be followed up in a controlled clinical trial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Probiotics, the Gut Microbiome, and Immunity)
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