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Nutrients
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Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases
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Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 5960

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bartosz Uchmanowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; nutritional status; medical science; public health; management in healthcare
Dr. Michał Czapla

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Division of Scientific Research and Innovation in Emergency Medical Service, Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
2. Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Science, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
3. Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: LGBT health; dietetics; paramedics; heart failure; cardiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality not only within the European Union but worldwide. Undoubtedly, there is a strong relationship between nutritional status and CVDs. Nutritional status is one of the modifiable factors that have an impact on prognosis in patients with CVDs. Nutritional status in CVD patients is undoubtedly related to their quality of life, risk of re-hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, complications, and increased risk of death during in-patient treatment. Consequently, diseases related to, e.g., obesity and malnutrition significantly increase medical costs, and their importance in the course of disease remains underappreciated.

Potential topics for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, novel methods of nutritional assessment, malnutrition, overweight and obesity, personalized nutrition, dietary requirements and dietary patterns, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital and long-term mortality.

Dr. Bartosz Uchmanowicz
Guest Editors

Dr. Michał Czapla
Co-Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutritional status
  • cardiovascular disease
  • malnutrition
  • overweight
  • obesity
  • dietary patterns
  • heart failure
  • acute coronary syndrome
  • atrial fibrillation
  • nutrition
  • stroke

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 812 KiB  
Article
Association of Body Mass Index with Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
by Michał Czapla, Stanisław Surma, Adrian Kwaśny and Łukasz Lewandowski
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152473 - 30 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting up to 2% of the adult population worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with various cardiovascular diseases, understanding its role in HFrEF outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to investigate [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting up to 2% of the adult population worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with various cardiovascular diseases, understanding its role in HFrEF outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 425 patients admitted to the cardiology unit at the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between August 2018 and August 2020. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the interactions between BMI, sex, and comorbidities on in-hospital mortality. Significant interactions were found between sex and BMI as well as between BMI and post-stroke status, affecting in-hospital mortality. Specifically, increased BMI was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality in males (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94, p < 0.05) but higher odds in females (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98–1.42, p = 0.08). For patients without a history of stroke, increased BMI reduced mortality odds (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95, p < 0.01), whereas the effect was less pronounced in those with a history of stroke (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76–1.04, p = 0.12). In conclusion, the odds of in-hospital mortality decreased significantly with each 10% increase in BMI for males, whereas for females, a higher BMI was associated with increased odds of death. Additionally, BMI reduced in-hospital mortality odds more in patients without a history of cerebral stroke (CS) compared to those with a history of CS. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of observed outcomes and potential interactions with BMI and sex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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13 pages, 2065 KiB  
Article
Serum Albumin and Post-Stroke Outcomes: Analysis of UK Regional Registry Data, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
by Rosa J. Thuemmler, Tiberiu A. Pana, Ben Carter, Ribeya Mahmood, Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva, Anthony K. Metcalf, Mamas A. Mamas, John F. Potter and Phyo K. Myint
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101486 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1322
Abstract
Hypoalbuminemia associates with poor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. We hypothesised a non-linear relationship and aimed to systematically assess this association using prospective stroke data from the Norfolk and Norwich Stroke and TIA Register. Consecutive AIS patients aged ≥40 years admitted December 2003–December [...] Read more.
Hypoalbuminemia associates with poor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. We hypothesised a non-linear relationship and aimed to systematically assess this association using prospective stroke data from the Norfolk and Norwich Stroke and TIA Register. Consecutive AIS patients aged ≥40 years admitted December 2003–December 2016 were included. Outcomes: In-hospital mortality, poor discharge, functional outcome (modified Rankin score 3–6), prolonged length of stay (PLoS) > 4 days, and long-term mortality. Restricted cubic spline regressions investigated the albumin–outcome relationship. We updated a systematic review (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, January 2020–June 2023) and undertook a meta-analysis. A total of 9979 patients were included; mean age (standard deviation) = 78.3 (11.2) years; mean serum albumin 36.69 g/L (5.38). Compared to the cohort median, albumin < 37 g/L associated with up to two-fold higher long-term mortality (HRmax; 95% CI = 2.01; 1.61–2.49) and in-hospital mortality (RRmax; 95% CI = 1.48; 1.21–1.80). Albumin > 44 g/L associated with up to 12% higher long-term mortality (HRmax1.12; 1.06–1.19). Nine studies met our inclusion criteria totalling 23,597 patients. Low albumin associated with increased risk of long-term mortality (two studies; relative risk 1.57 (95% CI 1.11–2.22; I2 = 81.28)), as did low-normal albumin (RR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01–1.20; I2 = 0.00)). Strong evidence indicates increased long-term mortality in AIS patients with low or low-normal albumin on admission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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11 pages, 693 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Status Predicts the Length of Stay and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Electrotherapy Procedures
by Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz, Tomasz Chrominski, Marcin Szczasny and Piotr Blaszczak
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060843 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1071
Abstract
(1) Background: Nutritional status is a factor that impacts the patients’ outcomes in various medical conditions including cardiovascular patients or surgical procedures. However, there is limited available information about its impact on the short-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations. This [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Nutritional status is a factor that impacts the patients’ outcomes in various medical conditions including cardiovascular patients or surgical procedures. However, there is limited available information about its impact on the short-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations. This study aimed to assess the relationship between nutritional status, complications, mortality risk, and length of stay at the hospital in patients undergoing CIED implantations. (2) Material and Methods: 588 patients who underwent CIED implantation in 2022 and 2023 were included in the retrospective analysis. The nutritional status assessment was performed using NRS 2002 and BMI. The implanted devices were single-chamber pacemakers (n = 82), dual-chamber pacemakers (n = 329), one-chamber ICDs (n = 83), dual-chamber ICDs (n = 19), CRT-P (n = 19), and CRT-D (n = 56). (3) Results: The regression analysis showed that the NRS 2002 score predicted the length of stay (age-adjusted: β = 1.02, p = 0.001) among the CIED-implanted patients. The CRT-D subgroup was particularly responsible for this relationship (β = 4.05, p = 0.003 after age adjustment). The analysis also revealed significant differences between the NRS 2002 score in the in-hospital death subgroups (1.75 ± 1.00 points for deaths vs. 1.00 ± 1.00 points for survivors; p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in nutritional status parameters regarding early complications subgroups. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that nutritional risk assessed with NRS 2002 is a predictor of length of stay (particularly for CRT-D) and mortality among patients undergoing CIED implantations. The results of the analysis point out the impact of patients’ nutritional status on short-term outcomes of CIED implantations, particularly in CRT-D implants where 1 NRS 2002 point was a predictor of a mean 4.05 days (77.2%) longer hospitalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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13 pages, 1020 KiB  
Article
Deoxycholic Acid, a Secondary Bile Acid, Increases Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure in Rats
by Artur Nowiński, Dawid Chabowski, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Marta Aleksandrowicz and Marcin Ufnal
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010032 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
Background: Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria. Elevated serum concentrations of DCA are observed in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that DCA might influence hemodynamic parameters in rats. Methods: The concentration of DCA in systemic blood was [...] Read more.
Background: Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria. Elevated serum concentrations of DCA are observed in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that DCA might influence hemodynamic parameters in rats. Methods: The concentration of DCA in systemic blood was measured with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated in anesthetized, male, 3–4-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats administered intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with investigated compounds. Mesenteric artery (MA) reactivity was tested ex vivo. Results: The baseline plasma concentration of DCA was 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/L. The oral antibiotic treatment produced a large decrease in the concentration. Administered IV, the compound increased BP and HR in a dose-dependent manner. DCA also increased heart contractility and cardiac output. None of the tested compounds—prazosin (an alpha-blocker), propranolol (beta-adrenolytic), atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), glibenclamide (K-ATP inhibitor) or DY 268 (FXR antagonist), glycyrrhetinic acid (11HSD2 inhibitor)—significantly diminished the DCA-induced pressor effect. ICV infusion did not exert significant HR or BP changes. DCA relaxed MAs. Systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Conclusions: DCA elevates BP primarily by augmenting cardiac output. As a metabolite derived from gut bacteria, DCA potentially serves as a mediator in the interaction between the gut microbiota and the host’s circulatory system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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