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The Role of Diet and Medication in Shaping Gut Microbiota in Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 418

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
Interests: gastro-intestinal disease; dysbiosis; microbiology; diet; probiotic; prebiotic; fecal microbiota transplantation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. In the context of disease, its composition and function can be significantly influenced by external factors such as the environment and diet. It is essential to understand the interaction between gut microorganisms and diet and to develop strategies to maintain or restore a healthy gut microbiome. Furthermore, it is known that a fiber-rich diet is beneficial for healthy gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids. In contrast, the Western diet, which is rich in high fats and sugar, can lead to an increase in harmful bacteria such as proteobacteria, which might contribute to metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

It is important to comprehend the effects of both diet on gut microbiota and personalize treatment approaches aimed at maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.

Dr. Hengameh Chloe Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • medication
  • antibiotics
  • diet
  • disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 962 KiB  
Review
Effects of GLP-1 Analogues and Agonists on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review
by Krzysztof Ksawery Gofron, Andrzej Wasilewski and Sylwia Małgorzewicz
Nutrients 2025, 17(8), 1303; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081303 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 202
Abstract
Background: GLP-1 analogues are a relatively new class of medications that form the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. They possess invaluable glucose-lowering properties without hypoglycemic effects as well as strong cardioprotective effects. The gut microbiome has become the focus of numerous studies, demonstrating its [...] Read more.
Background: GLP-1 analogues are a relatively new class of medications that form the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. They possess invaluable glucose-lowering properties without hypoglycemic effects as well as strong cardioprotective effects. The gut microbiome has become the focus of numerous studies, demonstrating its influence not only on the gut but also on the overall well-being of the entire body. However, the effects of GLP-1 analogs on gut microbiota remain uncertain. Scope of review: Our systematic review (based on PRISMA guidelines) aimed to gather knowledge on the effects of GLP-1 analogue medications on the composition, richness, and abundance of gut microbiota in both animal and human models. Conclusions: Thirty-eight studies were included in this systematic review. GLP-1 analogues have demonstrated a notable impact on the composition, richness, and diversity of gut microbiota. We can conclude, following the obtained research results of our study, that liraglutide promotes the growth of beneficial genera relevant for beneficial metabolic functions. Exenatide and exendin-4 administration showed various effects on the microbiome composition in animal and human studies. In animal models, it increased genera associated with improved metabolism; however, in human models, genera linked to better metabolic functions and escalated inflammation increased. Following dulaglutide administration, increases in Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcus, genera connected to an improved metabolic model, were significant. Finally, varied results were obtained after semaglutide treatment, in which A. muciniphila, known for its positive metabolic functions, increased; however, microbial diversity decreased. Semaglutide treatment provided various results indicating many confounding factors in semaglutide’s impact on the gut microbiota. Results varied due to dissimilarities in the studied populations and the duration of the studies. Further research is essential to confirm these findings and to better recognize their implications for the clinical outcomes of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Medication in Shaping Gut Microbiota in Disease)
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