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The Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and...
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The Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2024) | Viewed by 9334

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiaomin Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
Interests: physical activity; nutrients; metabolomics; diabetes; insulin resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intricate interplay of minerals and trace elements emerges as a critical factor in both the onset and management of diabetes and insulin resistance. Key minerals, including magnesium, zinc, and chromium, are essential for optimal insulin function and glucose metabolism. Magnesium facilitates insulin action, zinc is vital for insulin storage and secretion, and chromium enhances insulin sensitivity. Deficiencies in these minerals can contribute to insulin resistance, a defining feature of Type 2 diabetes. Additionally, trace elements such as vanadium and manganese show promise in improving glycemic control. Recognizing the nuanced relationship between these micronutrients and diabetes is essential for tailoring effective nutritional interventions and preventive measures. Unleashing the potential benefits of these elements holds promise in addressing the global challenge of diabetes and enhancing insulin responsiveness.

We welcome related experts to contribute their relevant research results to our Special Issue, including but not limited to Articles and Reviews.

Dr. Xiaomin Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical activity
  • nutrients
  • metabolomics
  • diabetes
  • insulin resistance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1731 KiB  
Article
Plasma Lipidomic Profiles Improve upon Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Arterial Stiffness Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitum: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Jiaju He, Zhongying Li, Rui Li, Xiaowei Ma and Xiaomin Sun
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213618 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1437
Abstract
Background: Exercise or vitamin D intervention can reduce the risk of arterial stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unexplored. To examine the effects of a 12-week moderate and vigorous exercise program (65–80% maximal heart rate, 60 min/time, 2~3 times/week) with [...] Read more.
Background: Exercise or vitamin D intervention can reduce the risk of arterial stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unexplored. To examine the effects of a 12-week moderate and vigorous exercise program (65–80% maximal heart rate, 60 min/time, 2~3 times/week) with or without vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day) on the reduction in arterial stiffness and further explore whether the effects of interventions could be associated with the basal lipidome among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitum (T2DM). Method: 61 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (CON, n = 15), exercise (EX, n = 14), vitamin D (VD, n = 16), and exercise + vitamin D (EX + VD, n = 16). Arterial stiffness risk factors (ankle–brachial index (ABI); brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The plasma lipidome was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to establish prediction models for the responsiveness to arterial stiffness. Result: Vitamin D supplementation could inhibit the decrease in the ankle–brachial index (mean ± SD: EX + VD and VD, −0.001 ± 0.058; EX + CON, −0.047 ± −0.089; p = 0.03). We observed high inter-individual variability in the arterial stiffness risk factors in response to the interventions. We also found that optimally selecting the lipid predictors at baseline, such as SM d44:6, LPE 18:2, and Hex2Cer 29:0, could enhance the predictive power by 100% for arm SBP changes in the exercise group. Basal levels of Cer (33:1) and GM3 (44:4) could enhance the predictive power by 100% for changes in baPWV in the vitamin D group. Conclusions: A 12-week vitamin D supplementation was beneficial in preventing arterial stiffness. Compared with traditional clinical risk factors, specific lipids at baseline could significantly improve the ability to predict intervention-induced changes in the reduction of arterial stiffness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance)
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Review

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86 pages, 2901 KiB  
Review
Plant-Based Diets and Phytochemicals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of Its Complications: A Review
by Prawej Ansari, Joyeeta T. Khan, Suraiya Chowdhury, Alexa D. Reberio, Sandeep Kumar, Veronique Seidel, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab and Peter R. Flatt
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3709; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213709 - 30 Oct 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5671
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently regarded as a global public health crisis for which lifelong treatment with conventional drugs presents limitations in terms of side effects, accessibility, and cost. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), usually associated with obesity, is characterized by elevated blood glucose [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently regarded as a global public health crisis for which lifelong treatment with conventional drugs presents limitations in terms of side effects, accessibility, and cost. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), usually associated with obesity, is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, hyperlipidemia, chronic inflammation, impaired β-cell function, and insulin resistance. If left untreated or when poorly controlled, DM increases the risk of vascular complications such as hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy, which can be severely debilitating or life-threatening. Plant-based foods represent a promising natural approach for the management of T2DM due to the vast array of phytochemicals they contain. Numerous epidemiological studies have highlighted the importance of a diet rich in plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, spices, and condiments) in the prevention and management of DM. Unlike conventional medications, such natural products are widely accessible, affordable, and generally free from adverse effects. Integrating plant-derived foods into the daily diet not only helps control the hyperglycemia observed in DM but also supports weight management in obese individuals and has broad health benefits. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis and current therapeutic management of DM, with a particular focus on the promising potential of plant-based foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance)
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