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Nutrients
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Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease
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Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2024) | Viewed by 20990

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xingxing Kong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Interests: adipose tissue; metabolism; exercise; tissue crosstalk

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past few decades have revolutionized our understanding of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue, with variability and plasticity participation in energy regulation, has essential endocrine functions and communications with various surrounding tissues and organs. Increasing evidence shows that adipose tissue dysfunction is closely related to numerous metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. It is necessary to study adipose tissue's biological characteristics and pathophysiology to promote its application as a therapeutic target for obesity and other metabolic diseases. Furthermore, although "exercise is the best medicine" has been written into the prevention and treatment guidelines for various diseases, the precise exercise prescription and the specific molecular mechanisms are not, as yet, well-known. Studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms and successfully translate it into clinical treatment programs.

This Special Issue focuses on advances in the biology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue, exercise-related biological effects, and metabolic changes. It is hoped that more researchers can share their original works consisting of basic, clinical, and applied research on “adipose tissue metabolism and exercise in health and disease”, as well as provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Articles including original research articles, clinical trials, reviews, and perspectives are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Xingxing Kong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adipose tissue
  • exercise
  • metabolism
  • nutrients

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 7856 KiB  
Article
The Liver Circadian Metabolic Homeostasis Influence by Combining Ketogenic Diet with Exercise
by Wenbo Xu, Zishi Wang, Cuican Zhang, Wenju Yang, Linchao Fan and Hong Sun
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2039; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132039 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2187
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) and regular exercise (EX) are both capable of orchestrating circadian metabolism homeostasis during losing weight. However, the combined effects of these two factors on circadian metabolism remain poorly understood. To determine if the combined treatment yields a superimposed physiological [...] Read more.
The ketogenic diet (KD) and regular exercise (EX) are both capable of orchestrating circadian metabolism homeostasis during losing weight. However, the combined effects of these two factors on circadian metabolism remain poorly understood. To determine if the combined treatment yields a superimposed physiological phenotype, we measured weight loss, white adipose, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heat production, and activity parameters in individual and combined treatment groups. Surprisingly, none of these metrics displayed a cumulative effect when administered in the combined treatment approach. Additionally, we investigated the impact of combination therapy on molecular homeostasis through using high-throughput liver transcriptomic approaches. The results revealed that individual and combined treatments can reprogram the circadian rhythm; yet, the combined group exhibited a minimum quantity of cyclic transcript genes. Noteworthy, the amplitude of 24 h circadian expression genes was not significantly increased in the combination treatment, indicating that the combined approach has non-overlapping effects on maintenance peripheral metabolism homeostasis. This may be due to the liver requiring less ketogenic and gluconeogenic potential during metabolic processes. This research suggests that combined treatment may have adverse effects on the body’s homeostasis and provide crucial insights for the homeostatic health of athletes or individuals who wish to lose weight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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16 pages, 9747 KiB  
Article
Lipid Profiling Reveals Lipidomic Signatures of Weight Loss Interventions
by Kaiqing Lin, Wei Cheng, Qiwei Shen, Hui Wang, Ruwen Wang, Shanshan Guo, Xianmin Wu, Wei Wu, Peijie Chen, Yongfei Wang, Hongying Ye, Qiongyue Zhang and Ru Wang
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1784; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071784 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2624
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic all around the world. Weight loss interventions that are effective differ from each other with regard to various lipidomic responses. Here, we aimed to find lipidomic biomarkers that are related to beneficial changes in weight loss. We adopted an [...] Read more.
Obesity is an epidemic all around the world. Weight loss interventions that are effective differ from each other with regard to various lipidomic responses. Here, we aimed to find lipidomic biomarkers that are related to beneficial changes in weight loss. We adopted an untargeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to measure 953 lipid species for Exercise (exercise intervention cohort, N = 25), 1388 lipid species for LSG (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort, N = 36), and 886 lipid species for Cushing (surgical removal of the ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas cohort, N = 25). Overall, the total diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM) levels were associated with changes in BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride, and total cholesterol according to weight loss interventions. We found that 73 lipid species changed among the three weight loss interventions. We screened 13 lipid species with better predictive accuracy in diagnosing weight loss situations in either Exercise, LSG, or Cushing cohorts (AUROC > 0.7). More importantly, we identified three phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid species, PC (14:0_18:3), PC (31:1), and PC (32:2) that were significantly associated with weight change in three studies. Our results highlight potential lipidomic biomarkers that, in the future, could be used in personalized approaches involving weight loss interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 4421 KiB  
Article
HnRNPA2B1 Aggravates Inflammation by Promoting M1 Macrophage Polarization
by Meiyao Meng, Yuxiang Cao, Yankang Zhang, Shuang Liu, Yinzhao Zhong, Dongmei Wang, Dali Li, Lingyan Xu and Xinran Ma
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1555; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071555 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
Macrophages have critical contributions to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, for example, bowel disease and obesity, respectively. However, little is known about the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. hnRNPA2B1 (A2B1) is an RNA binding protein for mRNA fate determination. We [...] Read more.
Macrophages have critical contributions to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, for example, bowel disease and obesity, respectively. However, little is known about the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. hnRNPA2B1 (A2B1) is an RNA binding protein for mRNA fate determination. We showed that hnRNPA2B1 mRNA levels were increased in colon in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice and in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and spleen of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Consistently, mice with haploinsufficiency of A2B1 (A2B1 HET) are protected against DSS-induced acute colitis and HFD-induced obesity, with decreased M1 macrophages polarization in colon, eWAT and spleen. Mechanistically, A2B1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and A2B1 enhanced RNA stability of pro-inflammatory genes Tnfα, Il-6 and Il-1β for the regulation of macrophages polarization. Interestingly, A2B1 HET mice exhibited reduced white fat expansion, which was influenced by macrophages, since conditioned medium from macrophages with A2B1 manipulation significantly changed preadipocyte proliferation. Our data demonstrate that A2B1 plays a vital role in macrophage-mediated inflammation via regulating mRNA stability, suggesting that A2B1 may be served as a promising target for the intervention of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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18 pages, 3704 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle
by Yonghao Feng, Zhicheng Cui, Xiaodan Lu, Hongyu Gong, Xiaoyu Liu, Hui Wang, Haoyu Cheng, Huanqing Gao, Xiaohong Shi, Yiming Li, Hongying Ye, Qiongyue Zhang and Xingxing Kong
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041047 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3802
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we [...] Read more.
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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14 pages, 1773 KiB  
Article
Exercise Promotes Bone Marrow Microenvironment by Inhibiting Adipsin in Diet-Induced Male Obese Mice
by Zunhan Shi, Lihui Wang, Jinwen Luan, Liqin Yin, Xiaohui Ji, Wenqian Zhang, Bingxiang Xu, Linshan Chen, Ying He, Ru Wang and Longhua Liu
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010019 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3272
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global epidemic linked to many diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise can improve bone density and decrease excess bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in obese individuals. However, the mechanism of exercise regulating bone marrow microenvironment remains [...] Read more.
Obesity is a growing global epidemic linked to many diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise can improve bone density and decrease excess bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in obese individuals. However, the mechanism of exercise regulating bone marrow microenvironment remains unclear. This study examines how exercise induces bone marrow remodeling in diet-induced obesity. We employed unbiased RNA-Seq to investigate the effect of exercise on the bone marrow of diet-induced obese male mice. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated to explore the regulatory effects of exercise in vitro. Our data demonstrated that exercise could slow down the progression of obesity and improve trabecular bone density. RNA-seq data revealed that exercise inhibited secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), which was shown to mediate bone resorption through mechanosensing mechanisms. Interactome analysis of Spp1 using the HINT database showed that Spp1 interacted with the adipokine adipsin. Moreover, exercise decreased BMAT, which induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted bone loss. Our study reveals that exercise improves the bone marrow microenvironment by at least partially inhibiting the adipsin–Spp1 signaling pathway so as to inhibit the alternative complement system from activating osteoclasts in diet-induced obese mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 712 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young, Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review
by Yong Sheng Lan, Teng Keen Khong and Ashril Yusof
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020308 - 7 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5766
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, an age-dependent phenomenon, is improved with exercise, which in turn may prevent cardiovascular diseases in women. However, there is a lack of consolidated information on the impact of exercise on arterial stiffness among healthy women. The aim of this review was [...] Read more.
Arterial stiffness, an age-dependent phenomenon, is improved with exercise, which in turn may prevent cardiovascular diseases in women. However, there is a lack of consolidated information on the impact of exercise on arterial stiffness among healthy women. The aim of this review was to (i) analyse the effect of exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy young, middle-aged, and older women, and (ii) recommend types, intensity, and frequency for each age group. Database searches on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted using PRISMA guidelines until September 2022. The keywords were: exercise, women/female, and arterial stiffness. The inclusion criteria were: healthy women, supervised exercise, and arterial stiffness measures. Study quality and bias were assessed using the PEDro scale. Fifty-one papers were classified into young (n = 15), middle-aged (n = 14), and older (n = 22) women. Improvements in arterial stiffness were observed among: young women (Pulse Wave Velocity, PWV: 4.9–6.6 m/s), following an 8-week high-intensity aerobic (3 days/week) or hypoxic high-intensity interval training; middle-aged women (PWV: 5.1–7.9 m/s), aerobic exercise with moderate intensity or stretching exercise at “moderate to heavy” (Borg Scale), 20–30 s per site, 10 s of rest interval for 30 min; and for older women (PWV: 7.9–15.6 m/s), resistance training at light intensity, aerobic exercise at any intensity, or a combination of the two exercises. This review shows that arterial stiffness increases with age in healthy women and has an inverse relationship with exercise intensity. Therefore, when prescribing exercise to improve arterial stiffness, age and arterial stiffness measures should be accounted for. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Exercise in Health and Disease)
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