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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 142055

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Dr. Jana Strahler

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Justus Liebig University Giessen Psychotherapy & Systems Neuroscience GIESSEN, GERMANY
Interests: Psychobiological mechanisms of action health-related behaviour (sport, nutrition, music, sleep); Psychoneuroendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology of stress and resilience; Orthorexia nervosa; Compulsive sexual behaviors; Chronic fatigue and functional somatic syndromes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is increasing attention to the role that eating behaviors play in health and disease. For example, the prevalence of various chronic diseases differs between habitual eating styles and eating behaviour-related differences have been observed in life expectancy. With respect to diet, biological differences between males and females, ageing, and certain situations and risk factors (pregnancy, chronic medical or psychiatric illness, high-performance sport) can drive variations in dietary requirements. Besides biological regulators of eating, non-homeostatic influences, such as food attributes and the rewarding aspects of food, need to be taken into consideration. Additionally, the socio-cultural and ecological environment can influence dietary intake through socially-constructed roles and behaviors that influence individuals’ perceptions of themselves, how they interact with others, and the distribution of resources in society. In this regard, the term climate-friendly diet also emerged.

In this special issue, we would like to bring readers closer to the state-of-the-art in the field by gathering papers covering different aspects of eating related to human physical and mental health. We invite submission of papers reporting on original research (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) or systematic or narrative reviews of the scientific literature.

Topics for this special issue may include but are not limited to:

Associations between health and factors that influence dietary intake, such as attitudes toward foods, dieting behaviors, and disordered eating;
Factors contributing to & underlying mechanisms of differences in the relationship between dietary intake and disease risk;
Dietary requirements of vulnerable groups, including dietary intervention studies;
Observational and experimental research on the links between emotional and stress-induced eating;
Orthorexia nervosa;
Strategies for incorporating dietary behaviors in relevant research to enhance our understanding of how diet impact public and environmental health.

Dr. Jana Strahler
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Nutrition, Dietetics
Metabolism, Body composition
Childhood obesity
Emotional/Stress eating
Obsessive healthy eating/Orthorexia
Nutritional Psychiatry
Sports nutrition
Diet and Climate

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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15 pages, 1069 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in Association with Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviours in Adolescents across the Weight Spectrum: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity

by Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Katarzyna Jowik, Agata Dutkiewicz, Agata Krasinska, Natalia Pytlinska, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Marta Suminska, Agata Pruciak, Bogda Skowronska and Agnieszka Slopien

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020598 - 11 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4236

Abstract

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in metabolic regulation. The purpose of the study was to assess the serum levels of NPY and PYY in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or obesity (OB), as well as in a healthy control group (CG). The effects of potential confounders on their concentrations were also analysed. Eighty-nine adolescents were included in this study (AN = 30, OB = 30, and CG = 29). Anthropometric measurements and psychometric assessment of depressive symptoms, eating behaviours, body attitudes, and fasting serum levels of NPY and PYY were analysed. The AN group presented severe depressive symptoms, while the OB group held different attitudes towards the body. The levels of NPY were lower in the AN and OB groups as compared with the CG. The PYY levels were higher in the OB group than in the AN group and the CG. The severity of eating disorder symptoms predicted fasting serum concentrations of NPY. Lower levels of NPY in AN, as well as in OB suggests the need to look for a common link in the mechanism of this effect. Higher level of PYY in OB may be important in explaining complex etiopathogenesis of the disease. The psychopathological symptoms may have an influence on the neurohormones regulating metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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13 pages, 545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poor Mental Health Is Related to Excess Weight via Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Gender- and Age-Dependent Mediation Analysis

by Nathalie Michels

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020406 - 28 Jan 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3048

Abstract

Within mental health as risk factor for excess weight, prevention-relevant questions remain: does the relation persist after considering lifestyle, which lifestyle parameters might be most important to target, which gender or age subgroups are most at risk? The cross-sectional Belgian health survey 2013 (n = 4687; ≥15 years) measured mental health via anxiety and depression symptoms (Symptom Check List 90-R) and distress (General Health Questionnaire-12). Logistic regression, multiple mediation and moderated mediation were applied. Poor mental health was significantly related to a higher excess weight prevalence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18 with 95% confidence interval (0.17–1.19)) and an unhealthier lifestyle i.e., more smoking, sleep problems, disordered eating, soft-drink, and alcohol consumption; while less fruit/vegetables and physical activity and even lower snack intake. Associations were often gender- and age-specific e.g., poor mental health was only related to less snacking in men and middle-adulthood, while an association with more snacking appeared in youth (<25 years). Disordered eating, physical activity and smoking were significant mediators explaining 88% of mental-weight associations, after which the association became negative (OR = 0.92 (0.91–0.93)). Mediation by snacking and disordered eating was stronger in the youngest and mediation by smoking was stronger in women. Thus, especially youth has high mental health associated behavioral and weight risks and gender or age differences can explain conflicting literature results on lifestyle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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15 pages, 317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults?

by Małgorzata Ewa Drywień, Jadwiga Hamulka and Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz

Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010170 - 8 Jan 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3108

Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016–2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of “Fast food & alcohol” and “Refined food & sweetened beverages” dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the “Fat food” and “Butter” DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from “Fast food & alcohol” DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

13 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

by Anna Brytek-Matera, María Dolores Onieva-Zafra, María Laura Parra-Fernández, Anna Staniszewska, Justyna Modrzejewska and Elia Fernández-Martínez

Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3716; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123716 - 1 Dec 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4565

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in university students in Spain and Poland, (2) assess differences in ON and eating disorder (ED) pathology in both samples and (3) examine the relationship between ON and ED symptoms among Spanish and Polish university students. Eight hundred and sixty university students participated in the present study (M_age = 21.17 ± 3.38; M_BMI = 22.57 ± 3.76). The Spanish and Polish samples comprised 485 and 375 students, respectively. The Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory were used in the present study. ON prevalence rates of 2.3% and 2.9%, respectively, are found in the Spanish and Polish samples. Compared to Polish students, Spanish university students reported increased drive for thinness and lower body dissatisfaction, lower level of ineffectiveness and lower level of interpersonal distrust. ON was positively related to drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism interoceptive awareness (in both Spanish and Polish students) and ineffectiveness (in Spanish students). Our findings suggest that ON significantly overlaps with ED symptoms, which is in line with recent studies. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess how ON develops in a sample of young adults and whether it develops in isolation of or in parallel with ED pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

12 pages, 705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Dark Side of Healthy Eating: Links between Orthorexic Eating and Mental Health

by Jana Strahler

Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3662; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123662 - 28 Nov 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6593

Abstract

Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) describes a behavior where eating overly healthy develops into an obsession leading to significant impairment and stress. Initial studies support a bi-dimensional structure of orthorexic eating with one dimension healthy orthorexia (HeOr, interest in healthy eating), which can be distinguished from the dimension OrNe. The present study pursued the goals to examine the negative consequences of OrNe on mental health, whether HeOr buffers these effects, and the role of gender. Data from two cross-sectional online surveys were combined (study 1 n = 385, 310 women; study 2 n = 398, 265 women; mean age: 28.9 ± 12.0 year) both generating data on psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in relation to OrNe and HeOr (Teruel Orthorexia Scale). By means of correlation and moderation analyses, OrNe was shown to be associated with poorer mental health, especially in the female sample. In terms of HeOr, clear gender differences appeared. There were no meaningful correlations in women. In men, however, HeOr correlated with better mental health. Further, the link between OrNe and poorer mental health was mitigated when there were high HeOr levels. Present findings support the hypotheses that OrNe is associated with pathological consequences and that HeOr may act as a buffer for these consequences. Gender differences in the clinical manifestation of orthorexic eating confirm previous knowledge and have important implications for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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8 pages, 1882 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Coffee Consumption and Its Inverse Relationship with Gastric Cancer: An Ecological Study

by Luis G. Parra-Lara, Diana M. Mendoza-Urbano, Juan C. Bravo, Constain H. Salamanca and Ángela R. Zambrano

Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3028; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103028 - 2 Oct 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4494

Abstract

Coffee is the second most popular drink worldwide, and it has various components with antioxidant and antitumor properties. Due to its chemical composition, it could act as an antitumor substance in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence/mortality of stomach cancer in the highest-consuming countries. An ecological study using Spearman’s correlation coefficient was performed. The WorldAtlas’s dataset of coffee consumption and the incidence/mortality rates database of the International Agency for Research were used as sources of information. A total of 25 countries were entered to the study. There was an inverse linear correlation between coffee consumption in kg per person per year and estimated age-adjusted incidence (r = −0.5984, p = 0.0016) and mortality (r = −0.5877, p = 0.0020) of stomach cancer. Coffee may potentially have beneficial effects on the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, as supported by the data from each country analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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16 pages, 2072 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Food-Intake Behavior in a Healthy Population: Personalized vs. One-Size-Fits-All

by Femke P. M. Hoevenaars, Charlotte M. M. Berendsen, Wilrike J. Pasman, Tim J. van den Broek, Emmanuel Barrat, Iris M. de Hoogh and Suzan Wopereis

Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2819; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092819 - 15 Sep 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5123

Abstract

In public health initiatives, generic nutrition advice (GNA) from national guidelines has a limited effect on food-intake improvement. Personalized nutrition advice (PNA) may enable dietary behavior change. A monocentric, randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial was performed in males (n = 55) and females (n = 100) aged 25 to 70 years. Participants were allocated to control, GNA or PNA groups. The PNA group consisted of automatically generated dietary advice based on personal metabolic health parameters, dietary intake, anthropometric and hemodynamic measures, gender and age. Participants who received PNA (n = 51) improved their nutritional intake status for fruits P (p < 0.0001), whole grains (p = 0.008), unsalted nuts (p < 0.0001), fish (p = 0.0003), sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.005), added salt (p = 0.003) and less unhealthy choices (p = 0.002), whereas no improvements were observed in the control and GNA group. PNA participants were encouraged to set a goal for one or multiple food categories. Goal-setting led to greater improvement of food categories within the PNA group including; unsalted nuts (p < 0.0001), fruits (p = 0.0001), whole grains (p = 0.005), fish (p = 0.0001), dairy (p = 0.007), vegetables (p = 0.01) and unhealthy choices (p = 0.02). In a healthy population, participants receiving PNA changed their food-intake behavior more favorably than participants receiving GNA or no advice. When personal goals were set, nutritional behavior was more prone to change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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14 pages, 705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey

by Achraf Ammar, Michael Brach, Khaled Trabelsi, Hamdi Chtourou, Omar Boukhris, Liwa Masmoudi, Bassem Bouaziz, Ellen Bentlage, Daniella How, Mona Ahmed, Patrick Müller, Notger Müller, Asma Aloui, Omar Hammouda, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos, Annemarie Braakman-Jansen, Christian Wrede, Sofia Bastoni, Carlos Soares Pernambuco, Leonardo Mataruna, Morteza Taheri, Khadijeh Irandoust, Aïmen Khacharem, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Karim Chamari, Jordan M. Glenn, Nicholas T. Bott, Faiez Gargouri, Lotfi Chaari, Hadj Batatia, Gamal Mohamed Ali, Osama Abdelkarim, Mohamed Jarraya, Kais El Abed, Nizar Souissi, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen, Bryan L. Riemann, Laurel Riemann, Wassim Moalla, Jonathan Gómez-Raja, Monique Epstein, Robbert Sanderman, Sebastian V. W. Schulz, Achim Jerg, Ramzi Al-Horani, Taiysir Mansi, Mohamed Jmail, Fernando Barbosa, Fernando Ferreira-Santos, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Andrea Gaggioli, Stephen J. Bailey, Jürgen M. Steinacker, Tarak Driss, Anita Hoekelmann and On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583 - 28 May 2020

Cited by 1467 | Viewed by 86653

Abstract

Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the “Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)” Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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13 pages, 538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Effects of Eating Disorder, Food Addiction, and Insomnia in the Association between Psychological Distress and Being Overweight among Iranian Adolescents

by Chung-Ying Lin, Pauline Cheung, Vida Imani, Mark D. Griffiths and Amir H. Pakpour

Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051371 - 11 May 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4985

Abstract

With obesity and excess weight remaining a serious concern worldwide, investigating the mechanisms underlying this is of great importance. Psychological distress is a possible trigger contributing to excess weight for adolescents. Moreover, the association between psychological distress and excess weight may be mediated by eating disorder, food addiction, and insomnia. The present study utilized parallel mediation analysis to assess the aforementioned associations and possible mediation effects among Iranian adolescents. Through stratified and clustered sampling, adolescents (N = 861; mean ± SD age = 15.9 ± 3.2; 372 males) participated and were followed for a one-year period. Excess weight (standardized body mass index, z-BMI); psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21); eating disorder attitudes (Eating Attitude Test-26); food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children); and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) were assessed. Eating disorder attitudes, food addiction, and insomnia were significant mediators in the association of psychological distress and z-BMI. Additionally, psychological distress had direct effects on z-BMI. Given that eating disorder attitudes, food addiction, and insomnia showed mediated effects in the temporal association of psychological distress and excess weight, healthcare providers are encouraged to design programs on improving these three mediators to help adolescents overcome excess weight problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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14 pages, 1673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suppression of Oral Sweet Sensations during Consumption of Sweet Food in Humans: Effects on Gastric Emptying Rate, Glycemic Response, Appetite, Food Satisfaction and Desire for Basic Tastes

by Naomi Kashima, Kanako Kimura, Natsumi Nishitani, Masako Yamaoka Endo, Yoshiyuki Fukuba and Hideaki Kashima

Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051249 - 28 Apr 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4232

Abstract

Suppression of oral sweet sensation (OSS) acutely reduces intake of sweet-tasting food due to lower liking. However, little is known about other physiological responses during both the prandial and postprandial phase. Here, we explored the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)-based suppression of OSS of several types of sweet-tasting food (muffin, sweet yogurt, banana) on gastric emptying, blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (PI), appetite indices (hunger, fullness and prospective consumption), satisfaction and desire for tastes. Fifteen healthy subjects (22 ± 3 years, 9 women) took part in the study. Subjects rinsed their mouth with either GS solution or distilled water before eating the sweet-tasting food. Subjects felt decreased sweet taste intensity and reduced taste liking associated with GS rinsing after consuming each food, compared with rinsing with distilled water (p < 0.05). Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05). Higher desire for sweet taste as well as lower satisfaction (p < 0.05) in the postprandial phase were observed with GS rinsing. These results suggest that the suppression of OSS does not affect gastric emptying, glycemic response and appetite during and after consumption of sweet-tasting food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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Review

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16 pages, 1386 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impacts of Dietary Macronutrient Pattern on Adolescent Body Composition and Metabolic Risk: Current and Future Health Status—A Narrative Review

by Oh Yoen Kim, Eun Mi Kim and Sochung Chung

Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123722 - 2 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6497

Abstract

Obesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of young people aged 5–17 years are obese, which is rapidly increasing around the world. Furthermore, approximately 80% of adolescents who become obese develop bodyweight-related health problems in adulthood. Eating habits and lifestyles play important roles in forming body composition and metabolic status. Changes in body composition in adolescence, the period in which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, can alter hormonal and metabolic status, can consequently affect health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, and moreover may have an impact on probable body composition and metabolic status in the next generation. Here, we reviewed cross-sectional and interventional studies to analyze the role of dietary patterns focusing on macronutrient intake in growth, body composition, and metabolic changes in adolescents. These findings provide insights into optimal dietary guidelines for healthy growth with accretion of adequate body composition in adolescence, and provide an effective strategy for preventing and managing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, with the additional benefit of providing potential benefits for the next generation’s health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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Other

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13 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Consequences of the COVID-19 Syndemic for Nutritional Health: A Systematic Review

by Cristian Neira, Rejane Godinho, Fabio Rincón, Rodrigo Mardones and Janari Pedroso

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041168 - 1 Apr 2021

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 6776

Abstract

Confinement at home, quarantine, and social distancing are some measures adopted worldwide to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which has been generating an important alteration in the routines and qualities of life of people. The impact on health is still being evaluated, and consequences in the nutritional field are not entirely clear. The study objective was to evaluate the current evidence about the impact that preventive measures of physical contact restriction causes in healthy nutrition. A systematic review was carried out according to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” PRISMA Group and Cochrane method for rapid systematic reviews. Searching was performed in six electronic databases and evaluated articles published between 2010 and 2020, including among their participants adult subjects who had been exposed to the preventive measures of physical contact restriction. Seven studies met the selection criteria and reported an overall increase in food consumption, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and a change in eating style. Findings suggest that healthy nutrition is affected by preventive measures to restrict physical contact as a result of the COVID-19 syndemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Human Health)

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