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Nutrients
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Macronutrients and Human Health
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Macronutrients and Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 36499

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bernard Venn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Interests: clinical trials; carbohydrate; sugar; fructose; fibre; B vitamins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Nutrients was launched in 2009 and has published over 10,000 papers since. With an impact factor of 4.546, Nutrients ranks as a Q1 journal and has become an excellent open source platform to ensure rapid and widespread exposure of your research findings and perspectives. 

As the Section Editor of the newly established Macronutrients and Human Health Section, I personally invite you to submit a review paper in your specific area of expertise. This Special Issue aims to  publish quality manuscripts related to macronutrients and human health. The field broadly covers topics such as epidemiology, dietary interventions, basic science, natural history, genetics, and reviews. Topics covered will include all aspects of carbohydrates, dietary fatty acids, and proteins from animal and vegetable sources.

Dr. Bernard Venn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Dietary carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Dietary fat
  • Carbohydrates
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 178 KiB  
Editorial
Macronutrients and Human Health for the 21st Century
by Bernard J. Venn
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2363; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082363 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 14891
Abstract
Fat, protein and carbohydrate are essential macronutrients. Various organisations have made recommendations as to the energy contribution that each of these components makes to our overall diet. The extent of food refining and the ability of food systems to support future populations may [...] Read more.
Fat, protein and carbohydrate are essential macronutrients. Various organisations have made recommendations as to the energy contribution that each of these components makes to our overall diet. The extent of food refining and the ability of food systems to support future populations may also impact on how macronutrients contribute to our diet. In this Special Issue, we are calling for manuscripts from all disciplines to provide a broad-ranging discussion on macronutrients and health from personal, public and planetary perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Human Health)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

15 pages, 323 KiB  
Article
The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
by Aleksandra Maria Polak, Anna Krentowska, Agnieszka Łebkowska, Angelika Buczyńska, Marcin Adamski, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Joanna Fiedorczuk, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Irina Kowalska and Agnieszka Adamska
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2753; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092753 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5145
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the [...] Read more.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the long-term energy balance, whereas ghrelin is a hormone that controls short-term appetite regulation and is considered a hunger hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the dietary macronutrient content in PCOS women. We examined 73 subjects: 39 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria and 34 healthy controls, matched by the body mass index. The subjects completed a consecutive three-day dietary diary to identify the macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Serum concentrations of leptin and total ghrelin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of the intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) and serum concentrations of ghrelin and leptin (all p > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum leptin concentration positively correlated with the intake of total fat (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = −0.36, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), whereas the serum ghrelin concentration correlated in an inverse manner with the intake of total fat (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), MUFA (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.34, p = 0.03), and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.38, p = 0.02). In this group, we also found a negative association of HOMA-IR with serum ghrelin levels (r = −0.4, p = 0.03) and a positive relationship with the serum leptin concentration (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and relationships between HOMA-IR and total dietary fat (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) and MUFA (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) intake. In PCOS women, dietary components such as the total fat and type of dietary fat and HOMA-IR are positively connected to serum leptin concentrations and negatively connected to serum ghrelin concentrations, which may influence the energy balance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Human Health)

Review

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18 pages, 1368 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation
by Lyudmila V. Gromova, Serguei O. Fetissov and Andrey A. Gruzdkov
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2474; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072474 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 15346
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine [...] Read more.
The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Human Health)
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