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Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 30733

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesca Mangialasche

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Guest Editor

1. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Alzheimer Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
2. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: Alzheimer´s disease prevention and treatment, antioxidants, dementia prevention and treatment, nitrosative/oxidative stress, vitamin E

Assoc. Prof. Tiia Ngandu

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
2. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Alzheimer Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: Alzheimer´s disease prevention, dementia prevention, lifestyle interventions, clinical trials

Dr. Jenni Lehtisalo

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Guest Editor

Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute forHealth and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Interests: Alzheimer´s disease prevention, dementia prevention, dietary interventions, dietary patterns, nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Worldwide aging of populations is driving the steep increase in the number of dementia and Alzheimer´s disease cases, which represent major global socio-economic and healthcare challenges. Nutrition plays a key role in age and disease-related brain structure and function, providing preventive and therapeutic opportunities for these disabling disorders.

Nutrients is planning a Special Issue focusing on nutrition in age-related cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.

On this topic, you are invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that fit the aim and the topics of this Special Issue. The aim is to publish updated and cutting-edge scientific findings on specific nutrients and foods, and dietary patterns that are relevant for primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention of age-related cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, articles (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) on nutrients and dietary patterns that have already some evidence from randomized controlled trials (or are at the stage of ongoing trials) will be prioritized. This Special Issue will provide a timely overview of the topic that will be useful for clinicians and researchers.

Dr. Francesca Mangialasche
Assoc. Prof. Tiia Ngandu
Dr. Jenni Lehtisalo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Alzheimer´s disease
Clinical trials
Cognitive impairment
Dementia
Diet/dietary patterns
Micronutrients
Macronutrients
Nutrition
Observational studies
Prevention and treatment

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Obesity Is Less Frequently Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

by Amelia Nur Vidyanti, Muhammad Hardhantyo, Bayu Satria Wiratama, Astuti Prodjohardjono and Chaur-Jong Hu

Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020367 - 30 Jan 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4213

Abstract

Obesity is one of the factors associated with cognitive impairment. However, obesity may differently affect cognitive function in different age groups, and scarce data are available from low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between obesity and cognitive impairment among 143 elderly individuals in Yogyakarta. We recorded the sociodemographic factors and some comorbidities, also measured the body mass index as a parameter of obesity, cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Indonesia, mood condition and depression status using geriatric depression scale-short form, as well as the daily life function using Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. After adjustment for the sociodemographic and comorbidities, we found that subjects with older age were more likely to have cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 3.544, 95%CI: 1.36–9.22, p < 0.01) and compared with elderly individuals with normal weight, obese elderly individuals were 40% less likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 0.604, 95%CI: 0.39–0.95, p < 0.05). This study suggests that obesity in elderly individuals is less frequently associated with cognitive impairment. These findings support the reverse causation mechanism related to body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment in low/middle-income countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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14 pages, 1162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Greater Circulating Copper Concentrations and Copper/Zinc Ratios are Associated with Lower Psychological Distress, But Not Cognitive Performance, in a Sample of Australian Older Adults

by Michelle Mravunac, Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay, Robin M. Daly, Blaine R. Roberts, Melissa Formica, Jenny Gianoudis, Stella L. O’Connell, Caryl A. Nowson and Barbara R. Cardoso

Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2503; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102503 - 17 Oct 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4339

Abstract

Dyshomeostasis of copper and zinc is linked to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between circulating copper and zinc and copper/zinc ratios and cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurotrophic factors in older Australian adults. In this cross-sectional study (n = 139), plasma copper, serum zinc, and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) were assessed. Cognition was assessed using the Cogstate battery and the Behavior Rating Inventory (BRI) of Executive Function (Adult version). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Copper (β = −0.024; 95% CI = −0.044, −0.004; p = 0.019) and copper/zinc ratio (β = −1.99; 95% CI = −3.41, −0.57; p = 0.006) were associated with lower depressive symptoms, but not cognition. Plasma copper had a modest positive association with BDNF (β = −0.004; 95% CI = 0.000, 0.007; p = 0.021). Zinc was not associated with any of the outcomes. In conclusion, greater circulating copper concentrations and higher copper/zinc ratios were associated with lower depressive symptoms (but not cognition), with copper also positively associated with BDNF concentration, in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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14 pages, 4333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Intake of Green Nut Oil or DHA Ameliorates DHA Distribution in the Brain of a Mouse Model of Dementia Accompanied by Memory Recovery

by Emiko Takeyama, Ariful Islam, Nakamichi Watanabe, Hiroe Tsubaki, Masako Fukushima, Md. Al Mamun, Shumpei Sato, Tomohito Sato, Fumihiro Eto, Ikuko Yao, Takashi K. Ito, Makoto Horikawa and Mitsutoshi Setou

Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102371 - 4 Oct 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4274

Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has significant health benefits. Previous studies reported decreased levels of DHA and DHA-containing phosphatidylcholines in the brain of animals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia; furthermore, DHA supplementation has been found to improve brain DHA levels and memory efficiency in dementia. Oil extracted from the seeds of Plukenetia volubilis (green nut oil; GNO) is also expected to have DHA like effects as it contains approximately 50% α-linolenic acid, a precursor of DHA. Despite this, changes in the spatial distribution of DHA in the brain of animals with dementia following GNO or DHA supplementation remain unexplored. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry (DESI-IMS) was applied to observe the effects of GNO or DHA supplementation upon the distribution of DHA in the brain of male senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a mouse model of dementia. DESI-IMS revealed that brain DHA distribution increased 1.85-fold and 3.67-fold in GNO-fed and DHA-fed SAMP8 mice, respectively, compared to corn oil-fed SAMP8 mice. Memory efficiency in SAMP8 mice was also improved by GNO or DHA supplementation. In summary, this study suggests the possibility of GNO or DHA supplementation for the prevention of dementia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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11 pages, 795 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Intake and Severity of Dementia Are Both Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Long-Term Care Residents

by Salminen KS, Suominen MH, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM and Pitkala KH

Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102261 - 20 Sep 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3120

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate how energy intake modifies the association of the stage of dementia with health related quality of life (HRQoL) among institutionalized older people. A cross-sectional sample of 538 older long-term care residents with dementia in Helsinki, Finland were assessed with HRQoL (15D), energy intake (from one to two days), and the stage of dementia by the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale. The energy intakes were standardized by z-scores to include both men and women in the same analyses. Severity of dementia was associated with HRQoL (15D index in CDR 0.5–1: 0.65 (0.11), CDR 2: 0.60 (0.10), CDR 3: 0.52 (0.10)). When the three groups of dementia severity were divided according to their energy intake quartiles, there was an association between the HRQoL and the stage of dementia (p < 0.001) and energy intake (p = 0.013); however, no interaction was observed (p = 0.30). While partial correlation analysis showed that energy intake correlated with HRQoL among residents with very mild/mild or moderate dementia, this was not observed among those with severe dementia. In moderate dementia, the dimensions of mobility and usual activities correlated significantly with higher energy intake. Both energy intake and severity of dementia are associated with HRQoL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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10 pages, 278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations of AD Biomarkers and Cognitive Performance with Nutritional Status: The NUDAD Project

by Astrid S. Doorduijn, Marjolein Visser, Ondine van de Rest, Maartje I. Kester, Francisca A. de Leeuw, Sanne Boesveldt, Jay L. P. Fieldhouse, Ellen G. H. M. van den Heuvel, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Philip Scheltens, Wiesje M. van der Flier and Marian A. E. de van der Schueren

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051161 - 23 May 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4527

Abstract

As malnutrition is common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we evaluated nutritional status and body composition of patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls, and studied associations of AD biomarkers and cognitive performance with nutritional status and body composition. We included 552 participants, of which 198 patients had AD, 135 patients had MCI and 219 controls. We assessed nutritional status (mini nutritional assessment (MNA)) and body composition (body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM) and waist circumference). Linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender and education where appropriate) were applied to test associations of AD biomarkers and cognitive performance on five domains with nutritional parameters (dependent). Patients with MCI and AD had a lower BMI and MNA score than controls. Worse performance in all cognitive domains was associated with lower MNA score, but not with body composition. AD biomarkers were associated with MNA score, BMI and waist circumference, and associations with MNA score remained after adjustment for cognitive performance. Both AD biomarkers and cognitive performance were associated with nutritional status, associations with AD biomarkers remained after adjustment for cognition. Our data suggest that malnutrition is not only related to impaired cognition but also to AD pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

15 pages, 2559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 Enriched Cultured Wild Ginseng Root Extract Bioconversion of Pediococcus pentosaceus HLJG0702: Effect on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Mice

by Kyu Sup An, Yeo Ok Choi, So Min Lee, Hyeon Yeol Ryu, Su Jin Kang, Yong Yeon, Yu Ri Kim, Jae Geun Lee, Chul Joong Kim, Ye ji Lee, Byeong Ju Kang, Jee Eun Choi and Kyung Seuk Song

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051120 - 20 May 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4040

Abstract

Wild ginseng is known to contain additional physiologically and pharmacologically active substances than common ginseng. The utilization of this herb can be maximized by altering its composition via tissue culture generating adventitious roots. We enriched the content of specific ginsenosides and investigated their role in ameliorating memory impairment. Cultured wild ginseng root was subjected to extraction, steaming, and fermentation using Pediococcus pentosaceus HLJG0702 to enhance the levels of ginsenosides Rg5 /Rk1. The analysis of product, HLJG0701, confirmed target ginsenosides. We analyzed the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg5/Rk1, HLJG0701 and the raw material on acetylcholinesterase. Further, we performed Morris water maze, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tasks with mice exhibiting memory deficit induced by scopolamine, and we analyzed the concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine in their brains. Studies showed that the levels of ginsenosides Rg5 /Rk1, not found in the raw material, were enhanced in HLJG0701. Ginsenosides and HLJG0701 significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase unlike the raw material. In all behavioral tasks, HLJG0701 showed memory improvement. It reduced acetylcholinesterase, whereas, it preserved acetylcholine in brain. In conclusion, cultured wild ginseng root extract fermented by P. pentosaceus HLJG0702 contains the distinctive ginsenosides Rg5/Rk1, which may ameliorate memory impairment via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase resulting in increased acetylcholine levels in the brain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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10 pages, 588 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns Are Related to Clinical Characteristics in Memory Clinic Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: The SCIENCe Project

by Linda M. P. Wesselman, Astrid S. Doorduijn, Francisca A. de Leeuw, Sander C. J. Verfaillie, Mardou van Leeuwenstijn-Koopman, Rosalinde E. R. Slot, Maartje I. Kester, Niels D. Prins, Ondine van de Rest, Marian A. E. de van der Schueren, Philip Scheltens, Sietske A. M. Sikkes and Wiesje M. van der Flier

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051057 - 11 May 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5644

Abstract

As nutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, we studied the relationship between dietary quality and clinical characteristics in cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We included 165 SCD subjects (age: 64 ± 8 years; 45% female) from the SCIENCe project, a prospective memory clinic based cohort study on SCD. The Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHD-FFQ) was used to assess adherence to Dutch guidelines on vegetable, fruit, fibers, fish, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, salt and alcohol intake (item score 0–10, higher score indicating better adherence). We measured global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), cognitive complaints (Cognitive Change Index self-report; CCI) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). Using principal component analysis, we identified dietary components and investigated their relation to clinical characteristics using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and education. We identified three dietary patterns: (i) “low-Fat-low-Salt”, (ii) “high-Veggy”, and (iii) “low-Alcohol-low-Fish”. Individuals with lower adherence on “low-Fat-low-Salt” had more depressive symptoms (β −0.18 (−2.27–−0.16)). Higher adherence to “high-Veggy” was associated with higher MMSE scores (β 0.30 (0.21–0.64)). No associations were found with the low-Alcohol-low-Fish component. We showed that in SCD subjects, dietary quality was related to clinically relevant outcomes. These findings could be useful to identify individuals that might benefit most from nutritional prevention strategies to optimize brain health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease)

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