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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2021) | Viewed by 20073

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Dr. Iwona Rudkowska

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Guest Editor

1. Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Laurier Boulevard, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
2. Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
Interests: diabetes; fatty acids; inflammation; nutrigenomics; nutrigenetics; personalized nutrition; omics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With obesity and diabetes reaching epidemic proportions in the developed world, the role of insulin resistance and its consequences is gaining importance. The literature has demonstrated that certain diets, foods, nutrients, or bioactive compounds can modulate insulin resistance. Further, research is needed for the development of novel dietary interventions or functional foods to support insulin-resistant individuals and to prevent diabetes and its risk factors.

The objective of this Special Issues is to examine the impact and mechanisms of diet, specific foods, nutrients, or bioactive compounds on insulin resistance as well as other diabetes risk factors in various populations (healthy, at risk, or diseased) and animal/cell studies. This Special Issue welcomes contributions that span the breadth of this relationship, including original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Potential topics include but are not limited to diet interventions, nutrients, functional foods, bioactive compounds, insulin resistance, inflammation, glycemia, and diabetes risk factors.

Dr. Iwona Rudkowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

insulin resistance
obesity
diabetes
glycemia
inflammation
macronutrients
micronutrients
dietary patterns
dietary bioactive compounds
bioactive compounds
nutrients

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combination of Texture-Induced Oral Processing and Vegetable Preload Strategy Reduced Glycemic Excursion but Decreased Insulin Sensitivity

by Yixue Wu, Zhihong Fan, Xinling Lou, Wenqi Zhao, Xuejiao Lu, Jiahui Hu, Yue Han and Anshu Liu

Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071318 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3330

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the oral processing of vegetables induced by texture modification on acute postprandial glycemic response (GR) and insulin response (IR) when co-ingested and ingested prior to a rice meal. In a randomized crossover trial, 14 healthy female subjects consumed (1) co-ingestion of soft broccoli and rice (SR); (2) co-ingestion of hard broccoli and rice (HR); (3) soft broccoli prior to rice (S+R); (4) hard broccoli prior to rice (H+R); (5) rice (R). Postprandial GR and IR was compared between test meals over a period of 180-min, and the oral processing behaviors were measured for each test food samples. Hard broccoli was observed to have a higher mastication time and chews than soft broccoli. All the broccoli meals resulted in reduced incremental peak glucose (IPG) and an increased incremental area under the insulin curve in 180 min (iAUC_0–180) compared with R. The S+R curbed the IPG by 40% with comparable HOMA-IR AUC_0–180 compared with R, while the H+R elevated the HOMA-IR AUC_0–180 by 62% more than that of R. In conclusion, the soft broccoli intake prior to a rice meal effectively attenuated postprandial GR, without lowering insulin sensitivity as its hard counterpart did. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Insulin Resistance)

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14 pages, 944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Berberine Phospholipid Is an Effective Insulin Sensitizer and Improves Metabolic and Hormonal Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A One-Group Pretest–Post-Test Explanatory Study

by Mariangela Rondanelli, Antonella Riva, Giovanna Petrangolini, Pietro Allegrini, Attilio Giacosa, Teresa Fazia, Luisa Bernardinelli, Clara Gasparri, Gabriella Peroni and Simone Perna

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3665; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103665 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8765

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disease in females of reproductive age and is characterized by multifactorial unhealthy conditions related to hormonal unbalance and also to dysmetabolism and inflammation. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that natural plant-based products may play a role in PCOS management. The aim of this one-group pretest–post-test explanatory study was to evaluate, in normal–overweight PCOS women with normal menses, the effectiveness of berberine on: Insulin resistance (IR) by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA); Inflammation by C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α); Lipid metabolism; Sex hormone profile and symptoms correlated to hyperandrogenism, such as acne, by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI); Body composition by DXA. Finally, adverse effects were assessed by liver and kidney functions and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). All these parameters were collected at baseline and 60 days after supplementation with a new bioavailable and safe berberine formulation. Twelve females (aged 26.6 ± 4.9, BMI 25.3 ± 3.6) were supplied for 60 days with two tablets/day (550 mg/table) of the bioavailable berberine. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in HOMA, CRP, TNF-α, Triglycerides, testosterone, Body Mass Index (BMI), Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT), fat mass, GAGS and CADI scores, and a statistically significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Liver and kidney functions and CPK are not statistically significantly different. Therefore, berberine can represent a safe novel dietary supplement, helpful in treatment strategy for PCOS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Insulin Resistance)

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11 pages, 727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Dairy Intake on Plasma F₂-IsoProstane Profiles in Overweight Subjects with Hyperinsulinemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial

by Leila Khorraminezhad, Jean-François Bilodeau, Karine Greffard, Jessica Larose and Iwona Rudkowska

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062088 - 18 Jun 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2660

Abstract

F₂-IsoProstanes (F₂-IsoPs) are major biomarkers of oxidative stress and are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Further, plasma levels of F₂-IsoPs may be modified by dairy products. The aim is to investigate the effect of high dairy product (HD) consumption compared to an adequate dairy product (AD) consumption on the level of F₂-IsoPs among hyperinsulinemic subjects. In this crossover study, participants were randomized in two groups: HD (≥4 servings/day), or AD (≤2 servings/day) for six weeks. Fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Six isomers of F₂-IsoPs were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Twenty-seven subjects with hyperinsulinemia (mean age; 55 ± 13 years, BMI; 31.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were included. Fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were unchanged after HD or AD intervention. After HD intake, the total level of F₂-IsoPs (p = 0.03), 5-F_2t-IsoP (p = 0.002), and 8-F_2t-IsoP (p = 0.004) decreased compared to AD. The 15-F_2t-IsoP tended to be positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.39, p = 0.08). Generally, F₂-IsoPs levels were higher among men compared to women regardless of the dairy intake. Overall, intake of HD decreased plasma levels of F₂-IsoPs compared to AD without modifying glycemic parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Insulin Resistance)

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Review

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13 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessReview

AMPK Activity: A Primary Target for Diabetes Prevention with Therapeutic Phytochemicals

by Min-Yu Chung, Hyo-Kyoung Choi and Jin-Taek Hwang

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4050; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114050 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4410

Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by inadequate blood glucose control and is associated with reduced quality of life and various complications, significantly shortening life expectancy. Natural phytochemicals found in plants have been traditionally used as medicines for the prevention of chronic diseases including diabetes in East Asia since ancient times. Many of these phytochemicals have been characterized as having few side effects, and scientific research into the mechanisms of action responsible has accumulated mounting evidence for their efficacy. These compounds, which may help to prevent metabolic syndrome disorders including diabetes, act through relevant intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we examine the anti-diabetic efficacy of several compounds and extracts derived from medicinal plants, with a focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Full article

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