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Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies
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Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 14492

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sonia Goncalves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Psychology, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
Interests: eating behaviours; psychological variables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bárbara César Machado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CEDH—Research Centre for Human Development, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Interests: nutrition; lifetyle
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on the interplay between disordered eating and lifestyle is needed to inform intervention approaches and improve the effectiveness of tailored prevention programs for patients with eating problems and the promotion of healthy eating behaviors in the community. Disordered eating is commonly related to body dissatisfaction, self-criticism, cognitive inflexibility, emotion regulation difficulties, and rumination, and leads to specific behaviors, such as loss of control over eating and compulsive exercise. More recently, attention has been given to improving the understanding of maladaptive preoccupations with healthy eating and good health, known as orthorexia nervosa.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Disordered eating and lifestyle studies,” we would like to invite authors to submit original manuscripts falling within the scope of the proposed topics. Submissions of original research, reviews of current scientific literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and short reports are welcome. This Special Issue will address the most recent and relevant scientific findings regarding disordered eating and lifestyle.

Dr. Sonia Goncalves
Dr. Bárbara César Machado
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lifestyle
  • eating disorder
  • eating behaviors

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 186 KiB  
Editorial
Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies—2nd Edition
by Sónia Gonçalves and Bárbara Cesar Machado
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3450; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203450 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 751
Abstract
Disordered eating, eating disorders, and lifestyle are complex and interconnected topics that intersect with various aspects of physical health, mental well-being, and societal influences [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)

Research

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13 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Food Beliefs and the Risk of Orthorexia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Francesca Maria Di Giorgio, Stefania Pia Modica, Marica Saladino, Stefano Muscarella, Stefania Ciminnisi, Piero Luigi Almasio, Salvatore Petta and Maria Cappello
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081193 - 17 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) believe that diet plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of their disease and the exacerbation of their symptoms. They often adopt restrictive diets that can lead to malnutrition, anxiety, and stress. Recent studies have found a [...] Read more.
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) believe that diet plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of their disease and the exacerbation of their symptoms. They often adopt restrictive diets that can lead to malnutrition, anxiety, and stress. Recent studies have found a correlation between IBD and eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder). None of these studies report an association with orthorexia nervosa, which is an obsession with healthy and natural foods. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia nervosa in patients with IBD. A total of 158 consecutive subjects were recruited, including 113 patients with IBD and 45 controls. The standardized Donini questionnaire ORTO-15 was administered to assess the risk of orthorexia, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The results showed that patients with IBD had a risk of developing orthorexia nervosa of 77%. This was significantly higher than the 47% observed in the control group. In the patients with IBD, the risk of orthorexia was associated with a lower BMI, at least in patients older than 30 years, and it was also associated with marital status in patients younger than 30. In conclusion, many patients with IBD are at increased risk of developing orthorexia nervosa, which may have a negative impact on their psychological wellbeing and social sphere, expose them to a high risk of nutritional deficiencies, and affect their overall quality of life. Further high-quality studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of orthorexia and its correlation with clinical features and classified eating disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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12 pages, 2568 KiB  
Article
Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia in a Physically Active North American Population
by Jennifer L. Brodock, Helene Hopfer, Travis D. Masterson and John E. Hayes
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081107 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2171
Abstract
The Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) defines two related but distinct constructs: Orthorexia Nervosa (OrNe), a pathological fixation on a healthy diet, and Healthy Orthorexia (HeOr), an interest in a healthy diet independent of psychopathology. Here, we (a) assessed both types of Orthorexia in [...] Read more.
The Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) defines two related but distinct constructs: Orthorexia Nervosa (OrNe), a pathological fixation on a healthy diet, and Healthy Orthorexia (HeOr), an interest in a healthy diet independent of psychopathology. Here, we (a) assessed both types of Orthorexia in a large North American sample using the TOS and (b) explored if engaging in regular physical activity was associated with a greater risk of Orthorexia. A cohort of physically active adults (n = 927; 41% men) completed the TOS, as well as the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA), to broadly assess aerobic physical activity level and participation in strength and/or flexibility training. As expected, scores for HeOr and OrNe differed between participants, with lower scores for Orthorexia Nervosa in our physically active non-clinical sample. Higher HeOr scores were associated with lower BMI, and this was true for both men and women. We also found that measures of Orthorexia were associated with self-reported physical activity: active adults reporting more aerobic physical activity had higher HeOr scores, with the most active men having the highest scores. Notably, adults who reported regular strength training had higher scores for both HeOr and OrNe, with men who strength trained showing higher OrNe scores than women. Here, those who participate in regular strength training are more likely to exhibit orthorexic behaviors, and this effect was more pronounced for men than women. Prior work has validated the TOS in young, primarily female samples of non-English speakers outside the United States: present data from an age-diverse, physically active, gender balanced sample support the use of TOS for measurement of Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia in English speakers and suggest that more work is needed to assess potential gender differences in these constructs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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12 pages, 355 KiB  
Article
Family Meals and Social Eating Behavior and Their Association with Disordered Eating among Spanish Adolescents: The EHDLA Study
by José Francisco López-Gil, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza and Estela Jiménez-López
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070951 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the association of family meals and social eating behavior with disordered eating behavior in Spanish adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 706 adolescents (43.9% boys) from the Eating Habits and Daily [...] Read more.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the association of family meals and social eating behavior with disordered eating behavior in Spanish adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 706 adolescents (43.9% boys) from the Eating Habits and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study (aged 12 to 17) from Valle de Ricote, Region of Murcia, Spain. The frequency of family meals was assessed by asking participants to report how often their family, or most household members, had shared meals in the past week. Social eating behavior was evaluated using three statements: “I enjoy sitting down with family or friends for a meal”, “Having at least one meal a day with others (family or friends) is important to me”, and “I usually have dinner with others”. To evaluate disordered eating, two psychologists administered the Sick, Control, One, Fat and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. Results: After adjusting for several covariates, for each additional family meal, the likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 0.9997, p = 0.049). On the other hand, a lower likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was observed for each additional point in the social eating behavior scale (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93, p = 0.001). The likelihood of having disordered eating behavior was 0.7% lower for each additional family meal (95% CI 0.01% to 1.4%, p = 0.046). Furthermore, for each additional point in the social eating behavior scale, a lower probability of having disordered eating behavior was observed (3.2%; 95% CI 1.4% to 5.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: While disordered eating behavior is complex and can be shaped by various factors, both family meals and social eating behavior emerge as significant factors inversely associated with this condition among adolescents. Promoting regular engagement in family meals and fostering positive social eating experiences could serve as effective strategies in public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the incidence of disordered eating behavior among the young population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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15 pages, 1925 KiB  
Article
The Risk of Orthorexia and the Prevalence of Emotional Eating Behaviours among Polish Military Flying Personnel in Relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sociodemographic Factors
by Agata Gaździńska, Paweł Jagielski and Paulina Baran
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050682 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Background: Proper nutrition has a positive impact on health. Paradoxically, excessive preoccupation with healthy eating may lead to the emergence of abnormal eating behaviours and increase the risk of developing disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia [...] Read more.
Background: Proper nutrition has a positive impact on health. Paradoxically, excessive preoccupation with healthy eating may lead to the emergence of abnormal eating behaviours and increase the risk of developing disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia (ON) and the prevalence of emotional eating (EE) in military flying personnel of the Polish Air Force in relation to BMI and sociodemographic factors. Methods: This study included 760 soldiers (including 60 females) taking part in the National Health Programme 2021–2025. The ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ were used to assess the risk of ON and EE. Results: The risk of ON occurred in 28.9% of military flying personnel and was significantly more frequent in soldiers with a normal weight (46.4%), under 40 years of age (42.7%), and with higher education (42.7%). The prevalence of EE was found in approximately 12.3% of the respondents and was significantly more common in soldiers with diagnosed obesity (17.5%), women (21.7%), and soldiers with higher education (13.6). Other sociodemographic variables did not differentiate the results of the ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the problem of eating disorders also occurs in military populations. The necessity of continuing research in this area is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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9 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
“What Made My Eating Disorder Worse?” The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
by Susanne Gilsbach and Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051242 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4055
Abstract
(1) Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent confinements have led to a dramatic increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent patients, whereas the effect on symptom severity and the influencing factors are not yet clear, especially not from the adolescents’ perspective. (2) Methods: [...] Read more.
(1) Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent confinements have led to a dramatic increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent patients, whereas the effect on symptom severity and the influencing factors are not yet clear, especially not from the adolescents’ perspective. (2) Methods: from February to October 2021, 38 adolescent patients with AN completed an adjusted version of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), a self-report questionnaire asking for ED symptomatology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and for their experiences with remote treatment. (3) Results: patients reported a significant negative impact of confinement on ED symptoms, depression, anxiety, and emotional regulation. During the pandemic, engagement with weight and body image was related to social media, and mirror checking increased. The patients were more preoccupied with cooking recipes and had more eating-related conflicts with their parents. However, the differences in the amount of engagement with social media actively glorifying AN before and during the pandemic did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The minority of patients who received remote treatment found it to be only limitedly helpful. (4) Conclusions: from the patients’ perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic-associated confinement had a detrimental effect on the symptoms of adolescent patients with AN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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Other

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16 pages, 1225 KiB  
Systematic Review
Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
by Sofia Marques Ramalho, Eva Conceição, Ana Cristina Tavares, Ana Luísa Freitas, Bárbara César Machado and Sónia Gonçalves
Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2673; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122673 - 8 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2526
Abstract
Overview: In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. [...] Read more.
Overview: In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature synthesis about the associations between these variables. A comprehensive literature synthesis would help identify future research directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence concerning the associations between loss of control over eating, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity in children and adolescents. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by PRISMA in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Twelve studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, variability in assessment methods, and the age of participants make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Nevertheless, most studies with community samples of adolescents indicate that inhibitory control difficulties are linked to the concept of loss of control eating. The presence of obesity seems to be associated with inhibitory control difficulties, regardless of the presence of loss of control eating. Studies on reward sensitivity are scarcer. However, it has been suggested that higher reward sensitivity is related to loss of control eating behaviors in young people, particularly binge eating. Conclusions: The literature on the link between loss of control eating and trait-level facets of impulsivity (low inhibitory control and higher reward sensitivity) among young people remains limited, and more studies on children are needed. Findings from this review may make healthcare professionals more aware of the potential clinical importance of targeting the trait-level facets of impulsivity and help to inform existing and future weight-loss/maintenance interventions in childhood and adolescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies)
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