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Nutrients
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New Ergogenic Aid Supplementation Methods and Exercise Performance
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New Ergogenic Aid Supplementation Methods and Exercise Performance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2024) | Viewed by 9356

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ching-Lin Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Sport and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: sport nutrition; exercise physiology; exercise and health
Prof. Dr. Chih-Hui Chiu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: triglycerides; nutrition; energy metabolism; ergogenic aids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effects of ergogenic aid supplements have been widely studied in relation to exercise performance. However, traditional ergogenic aids can be ingested through different methods that may affect the effectiveness of the supplement. For example, caffeine is one of the most popular supplements used by athletes. Traditionally, caffeine supplementation is recommended 60 minutes before exercise through the use of capsules or energy drinks. However, caffeine supplementation through caffeinated chewing gum can achieve the highest blood concentration 15 minutes after supplementation. This method may further increase the effect of caffeine on sprint or strength performance. This Special Issue is expected to include a variety of traditional nutritional supplements that are supplemented using different methods to see if they have different effects on exercise performance. We also look forward to receiving information on the effects of different types of supplements on performance and recovery.

Prof. Dr. Ching-Lin Wu
Prof. Dr. Chih-Hui Chiu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ergogenic aids
  • sports nutrition
  • exercise
  • performance
  • recovery
  • exercise physiology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 799 KiB  
Article
Effects of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Ice Hockey Performance after Jet Lag Intervention: Double-Blind Crossover Trial
by Ming-Tsang Tsai, Yi-Jie Shiu, Chien-Chang Ho, Che-Hsiu Chen and Chih-Hui Chiu
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3151; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183151 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1678
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of caffeinated chewing gum on the physical performance of elite ice hockey players after a jet lag intervention. Fourteen national-level (age: 25.2 ± 5.4; height: 176.5 ± 5.3; weight: 78.1 ± 13.4) ice [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of caffeinated chewing gum on the physical performance of elite ice hockey players after a jet lag intervention. Fourteen national-level (age: 25.2 ± 5.4; height: 176.5 ± 5.3; weight: 78.1 ± 13.4) ice hockey players were tested late at night after a full day awake schedule with jet lag. A randomised, double-blind experimental design was employed in which participants either chewed caffeinated gum (CAF) containing 3 mg/kg caffeine or a caffeine-free placebo gum (PLA) for 10 min prior to undertaking a series of on-ice and off-ice tests. The off-ice tests included grip force, the counter-movement jump (CMJ), and the squat jump (SJ). The on-ice tests included a 35 m sprint, the S-Shape agility test, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo IR1 test). The CMJ height (CAF: 47.2 ± 4.4; PL: 45.9 ± 3.5; p = 0.035; Cohen’s d = 0.32) and SJ height (CAF: 46.7 ± 4.1; PL: 44.9 ± 3.8; p = 0.047; Cohen’s d = 0.44) were found to be significantly higher in the CAF than in the PL trial. However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in grip force, as well as in the 35 m sprint, the S-Shape agility test, and the Yo-Yo IR1 test. The present study found that, following a jet lag intervention, although the consumption of caffeinated gum resulted in an increase in vertical jump height, it had no impact on performance in the ice tests. The results of this study may help coaches and athletes consider the need for caffeine supplementation when experiencing jet lag. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Ergogenic Aid Supplementation Methods and Exercise Performance)
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12 pages, 1108 KiB  
Article
Caffeinated Chewing Gum Improves Basketball Shooting Accuracy and Physical Performance Indicators of Trained Basketball Players: A Double-Blind Crossover Trial
by Hou-Shao Liu, Chi-Chu Liu, Yi-Jie Shiu, Pei-Tzu Lan, An-Yu Wang and Chih-Hui Chiu
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091256 - 24 Apr 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on the basketball-specific performance of trained basketball players. A double-blind, randomized crossover design was employed. (2) Methods: Fifteen participants (age: 20.9 ± 1.0 years; height: 180.9 ± 5.4 cm; mass: 77.2 ± [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study investigated the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on the basketball-specific performance of trained basketball players. A double-blind, randomized crossover design was employed. (2) Methods: Fifteen participants (age: 20.9 ± 1.0 years; height: 180.9 ± 5.4 cm; mass: 77.2 ± 7.5 kg; training age: 8.2 ± 0.3 years) were recruited and divided into a caffeine trial (CAF) and placebo trial (PL). The participants in the CAF trial chewed gum containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine for 10 min, while those in the PL trial chewed a placebo gum without caffeine. Following a 15 min rest, all the participants completed basketball-specific performance tests. (3) Results: The free throw accuracy for the CAF trial was significantly higher than that for the PL trial (CAF: 79.0 ± 4.31%; PL: 73.0 ± 9.16%; p = 0.012; Cohen’s d = 0.94). Additionally, the CAF trial demonstrated significantly better performance in the 20 m segmented dash (CAF: 2.94 ± 1.12 s; PL: 3.13 ± 0.10 s; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d =1.8) and squats (p < 0.05), and exhibited lower fatigue indexes (CAF: 3.6 ± 1.6%; PL: 5.2 ± 1.6%; p = 0.009; Cohen’s d =1.0). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that chewing gum containing 3 mg/kg of caffeine offers moderate-to-large improvements in key performance aspects relevant to professionally trained basketball players. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Ergogenic Aid Supplementation Methods and Exercise Performance)
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Review

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37 pages, 1433 KiB  
Review
Effects of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Exercise Performance and Physiological Responses: A Systematic Review
by Chia-Cheng Yang, Meng-Hung Hsieh, Chien-Chang Ho, Ya-Hui Chang and Yi-Jie Shiu
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3611; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213611 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Background: Caffeine intake in the form of chewing gum is characterized by rapid absorption and utilization. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance and physiological responses in a systematic review. Methods: All [...] Read more.
Background: Caffeine intake in the form of chewing gum is characterized by rapid absorption and utilization. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance and physiological responses in a systematic review. Methods: All articles were searched using the PubMed and Scopus databases to include articles published up to June 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Results: Thirty-two studies were finally included. Most studies have found that pre-exercise caffeinated chewing gum supplementation is effective in improving endurance, repetitive sprinting, lower limb strength, and sport-specific performance, as well as lowering rating of perceived exertion (RPE) or fatigue index even with lower dosages of caffeine. Sympathetic activation may be one of the mechanisms by which caffeinated chewing gum affects athletic performance. No significant effect on energy metabolism indicators (blood glucose, blood lactate, free fatty acids) was found. In addition, two studies found that caffeinated chewing gum reduced or maintained cortisol levels and increased testosterone levels. However, caffeinated chewing gum intake does not have an impact on catecholamines and β-endorphins. There have been inconsistent results for explosive performance, agility performance, and pain perception. Only a few studies have examined balance performance. In conclusion, a low dose of caffeine (100–300 mg or 2–4 mg/kg) in the form of chewing gum is rapidly absorbed and utilized, positively impacting most exercise and physiological performance. Conclusions: Future studies should also consider the performance variables of agility, pain perception, and explosive performance to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on sympathetic activation and exercise performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Ergogenic Aid Supplementation Methods and Exercise Performance)
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