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Nutrients
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Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney...
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Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 September 2022) | Viewed by 21029

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Masashi Mizuno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Interests: adequate nutritional managements; effects of nutritional managements; nutritional status in kidney diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrional management has been considered as an important approch to prevent impairments of renal function. Necesity of diet management is not only prat of consarvative therapies for chronic kidney diseases (CKD), but also plays important roles for CKD patients who have fallen into end-stage kidney diseases. For past, present, and future, solt resctriction, intake restriction of solt, protein, potasium and/or phosphate should be main target to consider nutrional management. Howevere, restriction of protain might be argue to consider balance between protection of residual renal function amd salcopenia in the present aged world. In recent, intake of rare metals is also interesting for prognosis of patients with CKD. The manegements includes effects of nutritient supplements and the associated agents. The presnt Special isssue will focus overall of nutirinal manegement from early stage of CKD to CKD 5 with renal replacement therapy.

Prof. Dr. Masashi Mizuno
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nephrology
  • nutirition
  • chronic kidney disease
  • protein
  • sodium
  • potasium
  • phosphate
  • rare metal
  • salcopenia

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 174 KiB  
Editorial
Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
by Masashi Mizuno
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081964 - 19 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1194
Abstract
Currently, aging is an important social problem globally [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

10 pages, 1280 KiB  
Article
Impact of Transferrin Saturation and Anemia on Radial Artery Calcification in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease
by Toshiki Kano, Hiroaki Io, Junichiro Nakata, Yu Sasaki, Masahiro Muto, Yuki Shimizu, Yusuke Fukao, Haruna Fukuzaki, Takuya Maeda, Reina Hosoya and Yusuke Suzuki
Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4269; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204269 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
Background: Arterial calcification is an important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies on aortic calcification have involved radial artery calcification (RAC). This study aimed to analyze risk factors for RAC in patients with end-stage kidney [...] Read more.
Background: Arterial calcification is an important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies on aortic calcification have involved radial artery calcification (RAC). This study aimed to analyze risk factors for RAC in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and investigate the relationship between subsequent cardiovascular events (CVE) and vascular access trouble (VAT). Methods: This cohort study included 64 consecutive patients with ESKD who initiated hemodialysis and underwent a procedure for the creation of a primary radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF). Small arterial specimens were obtained from patients during RCAVF surgery. Tissue samples were stained with von Kossa, and arterial microcalcification was evaluated. We analyzed the association between preexisting arterial microcalcifications, clinical characteristics, CVE, and VAT. Results: In the univariate analysis, RAC patients demonstrated high systolic blood pressure (sBP), low hemoglobin (Hb), and low transferrin saturation (TSAT) (<0.05, <0.05, and <0.05, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, Hb (HR–0.516 (0.278–0.959), p < 0.05), TSAT (HR–0.0012 (0.00000248–0.597), p < 0.05), and sBP (HR–1.037 (1.001–1.073), p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for RAC. The cumulative incidence rate of CVE/VAT was not associated with RAC for one year. Conclusion: RAC was associated with sBP, TSAT, and anemia; however, no association with CVE/VAT was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
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16 pages, 1036 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Volume Overload on the Longitudinal Change of Adipose and Lean Tissue Mass in Incident Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
by Jack Kit-Chung Ng, Gordon Chun-Kau Chan, Kevin Ka-Ho Kam, Na Tian, Win Hlaing Than, Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng, Man-Ching Law, Wing-Fai Pang, Cheuk-Chun Szeto and Philip Kam-Tao Li
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4076; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194076 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) experience complex body composition changes that are not adequately reflected by traditional anthropometric parameters. While lean and adipose tissue mass can be readily assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), there is concern about the potential confounding effect of [...] Read more.
Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) experience complex body composition changes that are not adequately reflected by traditional anthropometric parameters. While lean and adipose tissue mass can be readily assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), there is concern about the potential confounding effect of volume overload on these measurements. This study aimed to assess the influence of fluid status (by echocardiography) on body composition parameters measured by BIS and to describe the longitudinal changes in adipose and lean tissue mass. We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary hospital. Incident Chinese PD patients underwent baseline echocardiography and repeated BIS measurements at baseline and 12 months later. Among 101 PD patients, lean tissue index (LTI) or fat tissue index (FTI) was not associated with echocardiographic parameters that reflected left ventricular filling pressure (surrogate of volume status). Sixty-eight patients with repeated BIS had a significant increase in body weight and FTI, while LTI remained similar. Gains in fat mass were significantly associated with muscle wasting (beta = −0.71, p < 0.0001). Moreover, progressive fluid accumulation independently predicted decrease in FTI (beta = −0.35, p < 0.0001) but not LTI. Body composition assessments by BIS were not affected by fluid status and should be considered as part of comprehensive nutrition assessment in PD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
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11 pages, 1182 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score in Patients at Dialysis Initiation
by Kimiaki Takagi, Hiroshi Takahashi, Tomomi Miura, Kasumi Yamagiwa, Kota Kawase, Yuka Muramatsu-Maekawa, Takuya Koie and Masashi Mizuno
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2317; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112317 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and affects their prognosis. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a nutritional screening tool calculated using only blood test data. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CONUT [...] Read more.
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and affects their prognosis. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a nutritional screening tool calculated using only blood test data. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CONUT score in patients just initiating dialysis. A total of 311 CKD patients who stably initiated dialysis were enrolled. Only 27 (8.7%) patients were classified as having normal nutritional status. The CONUT score was also independently correlated with elevated C-reactive protein levels (β = 0.485, p < 0.0001). During the median follow-up of 37 months, 100 patients (32.2%) died. The CONUT score was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.22, p < 0.0024). As model discrimination, the addition of the CONUT score to a prediction model based on established risk factors significantly improved net reclassification improvement (0.285, p = 0.028) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.025, p = 0.023). The CONUT score might be a simplified surrogate marker of the PEW with clinical utility and could predict all-cause mortality, in addition to improving the predictability in CKD patients just initiating dialysis. The CONUT score also could predict infectious-disease mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
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13 pages, 756 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of SARC-F, Calf Circumference, and Their Combination for Sarcopenia Screening among Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
by Yu-Li Lin, Chih-Hsien Wang, Jen-Pi Tsai, Chih-Tsung Chen, Yi-Hsin Chen, Szu-Chun Hung and Bang-Gee Hsu
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050923 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5343
Abstract
Sarcopenia is frequently encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We evaluated and compared the diagnostic performance of a strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire, SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF), and calf circumference (CC) for [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia is frequently encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We evaluated and compared the diagnostic performance of a strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire, SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF), and calf circumference (CC) for screening sarcopenia among patients undergoing PD. We measured the appendicular skeletal muscle mass, evaluated using a multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device, handgrip strength, and 6-m gait speed. SARC-F, SARC-CalF, and CC were obtained in all participants. Sarcopenia was defined using four different diagnostic criteria, including the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019, revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), and International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Among 186 enrolled patients undergoing PD (mean age 57.5 ± 14.1 years), the sarcopenia prevalence was 25.8–38.2% using the four definitions. The discriminative powers of SARC-CalF (range 0.648–0.748) and CC (range 0.652–0.813) against the four definitions were better than those exhibited by SARC-F (range 0.587–0.625), which achieved significant difference, except when adopting the criteria of the FNIH. After stratification by gender, the superiority of SARC-CalF and CC over SARC-F was maintained when AWGS 2019, EWGSOP2, and IWGS were applied. In conclusion, CC and SARC-CalF outperformed SARC-F in the diagnostic accuracy of sarcopenia among patients undergoing PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
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Review

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17 pages, 339 KiB  
Review
Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors for the Incidence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Population
by Akihiro Kuma and Akihiko Kato
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3787; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183787 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3626
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased by 88% from 1990 to 2016. Age of onset of lifestyle-related diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia), which are risk factors for incident CKD, is lower now compared with the past. [...] Read more.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased by 88% from 1990 to 2016. Age of onset of lifestyle-related diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia), which are risk factors for incident CKD, is lower now compared with the past. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the incidence and progression of CKD in the young and middle-aged population. There are differences in the risk for CKD among the young, middle-aged, and elderly populations. We aimed to assess obesity (which is basic component of metabolic syndrome), waist circumference, and abdominal adiposity, which are predictive factors of CKD in the younger population. Furthermore, we described the management and clinical evidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia for young and middle-aged patients, along with diet management and nutrients associated with kidney function. Kidney function in the young and middle-aged population is mostly normal, and they are considered a low-risk group for incident CKD. Thus, we expect this review to be useful in reducing the prevalence of CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
24 pages, 1128 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Polyphenols on Kidney Disease: Targeting Mitochondria
by Fatemeh Ashkar, Khushwant S. Bhullar and Jianping Wu
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3115; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153115 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4049
Abstract
Mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondria dynamics, are essential for the maintenance of renal health. Through modulation of mitochondrial function, the kidneys are able to sustain or recover acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotoxicity, nephropathy, and [...] Read more.
Mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondria dynamics, are essential for the maintenance of renal health. Through modulation of mitochondrial function, the kidneys are able to sustain or recover acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotoxicity, nephropathy, and ischemia perfusion. Therapeutic improvement in mitochondrial function in the kidneys is related to the regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, free radicals scavenging, decline in apoptosis, and inflammation. Dietary antioxidants, notably polyphenols present in fruits, vegetables, and plants, have attracted attention as effective dietary and pharmacological interventions. Considerable evidence shows that polyphenols protect against mitochondrial damage in different experimental models of kidney disease. Mechanistically, polyphenols regulate the mitochondrial redox status, apoptosis, and multiple intercellular signaling pathways. Therefore, this review attempts to focus on the role of polyphenols in the prevention or treatment of kidney disease and explore the molecular mechanisms associated with their pharmacological activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Assessment and Nutrient Supplement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)
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