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Plants
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Responses of Plants to Light Stress
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Responses of Plants to Light Stress

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2023) | Viewed by 13221

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eiji Goto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matusdo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
Interests: vertical farm; environmental control; phytochemicals; plant responses; lighting technology; growth modelling; space agriculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ki-Ho Son

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
Interests: light quality; light emitting diode; photosynthesis; vertical farm; plant factory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light stress in plants affects plant function and development through insufficient or excess levels. Exposure to insufficient light limits the photosynthetic rate and inhibits plant growth. Moreover, excess light energy can damage the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in the inhibition of plant growth. Plants have evolved various protective and response mechanisms by light conditions such as intensity, wavelength, duration, and direction of light. Meanwhile, excess light and ultraviolet radiation (UV) lead to increased production of ROS, which may cause photooxidative damage. ROS mediate vital functions (protection mechanism in plants) in inducing resistance to light stress as well as abiotic and biotic stresses. Recently, many researchers have exploited the fact that plant secondary metabolites may activate via light stress, especially via UV radiation. The present Special Issue will be focused on regulation mechanisms of growth and secondary metabolites in plants via light stress.

Prof. Dr. Eiji Goto
Prof. Dr. Ki-Ho Son
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • light quality
  • light stress
  • vertical farm
  • plant factory
  • natural light
  • artificial light
  • photosynthesis
  • photomorphogenesis
  • phytochemicals
  • plant responses to light
  • health-promoting compounds by light

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4434 KiB  
Article
Topography of UV-Melanized Thalli of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm
by Amina G. Daminova, Anna E. Rassabina, Venera R. Khabibrakhmanova, Richard P. Beckett and Farida V. Minibayeva
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142627 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1184
Abstract
Lichens are unique extremophilic organisms due to their phenomenal resistance to adverse environmental factors, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Melanization plays a special role in the protection of lichens from UV-B stress. In the present study, we analyzed the binding of melanins with the [...] Read more.
Lichens are unique extremophilic organisms due to their phenomenal resistance to adverse environmental factors, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Melanization plays a special role in the protection of lichens from UV-B stress. In the present study, we analyzed the binding of melanins with the components of cell walls of the mycobiont of the upper cortex in the melanized lichen thalli Lobaria pulmonaria. Using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, the morphological and nanomechanical characteristics of the melanized layer of mycobiont cells were visualized. Melanization of lichen thalli led to the smoothing of the surface relief and thickening of mycobiont cell walls, as well as the reduction in adhesion properties of the lichen thallus. Treatment of thalli with hydrolytic enzymes, especially chitinase and lichenase, enhanced the yield of melanin from melanized thalli and promoted the release of carbohydrates, while treatment with pectinase increased the release of carbohydrates and phenols. Our results suggest that melanin can firmly bind with hyphal cell wall carbohydrates, particularly chitin and 1,4-β-glucans, strengthening the melanized upper cortex of lichen thalli, and thereby it can contribute to lichen survival under UV stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Plants to Light Stress)
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25 pages, 2654 KiB  
Article
Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation
by Lucia Valerga, Roxana E. González, María B. Pérez, Analía Concellón and Pablo F. Cavagnaro
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061297 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used [...] Read more.
Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Plants to Light Stress)
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15 pages, 1322 KiB  
Article
Light Intensity Affects the Assimilation Rate and Carbohydrates Partitioning in Spinach Grown in a Controlled Environment
by Simona Proietti, Roberta Paradiso, Stefano Moscatello, Francesco Saccardo and Alberto Battistelli
Plants 2023, 12(4), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040804 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3409
Abstract
The cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has been increasing during the last years in controlled environment agriculture, where light represents a key factor for controlling plant growth and development and the highest energetic costs. The aim of the experiment was to [...] Read more.
The cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has been increasing during the last years in controlled environment agriculture, where light represents a key factor for controlling plant growth and development and the highest energetic costs. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the plant’s response to two light intensities, corresponding to an optimal and a reduced level, in terms of the photosynthetic process, photoassimilates partitioning, and the biosynthesis of sucrose and starch. Plants of spinach cv. ‘Gigante d’Inverno’ were grown in a phytotron under controlled conditions, comparing two values of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 800 μmol m−2 s−1 (800 PPFD) and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (200 PPFD), at a 10 h light/14 h dark regime. Compared to 800 PPFD, under 200 PPFD, plants showed a reduction in biomass accumulation and a redirection of photoassimilates to leaves, determining a leaf expansion to optimize the light interception, without changes in the photosynthetic process. A shift in carbon partitioning favouring the synthesis of starch, causing an increase in the starch/sucrose ratio at the end of light period, occurred in low-light leaves. The activity of enzymes cFBAse, SPS, and AGPase, involved in the synthesis of sucrose and starch in leaves, decreased under lower light intensity, explaining the rate of accumulation of photoassimilates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Plants to Light Stress)
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18 pages, 6462 KiB  
Article
Development of C4 Biochemistry and Change in Expression of Markers for Photosystems I and II in the Single-Cell C4 Species, Bienertia sinuspersici
by Makoto Yanagisawa and Simon D. X. Chuong
Plants 2023, 12(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010077 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Bienertia sinuspersici is one of four identified terrestrial plants that perform C4 photosynthesis within a single chlorenchyma cell via the compartmentation of organelles and photosynthetic enzymes. The patterns of accumulation of key photosynthetic enzymes and transcripts in developing leaves were examined using [...] Read more.
Bienertia sinuspersici is one of four identified terrestrial plants that perform C4 photosynthesis within a single chlorenchyma cell via the compartmentation of organelles and photosynthetic enzymes. The patterns of accumulation of key photosynthetic enzymes and transcripts in developing leaves were examined using immunolocalization and in situ hybridization. The polypeptides of Rubisco large subunit (RbcL) and pyruvate Pi dikinase (PPDK) accumulated equally in all chloroplasts before the formation of two intracellular cytoplasmic compartments: the central (CCC) and peripheral (PCC) cytoplasmic compartments. The differential accumulation of these enzymes was not completed until the leaf had reached maturity, indicating that the transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis occurred during leaf maturation. In mature chlorenchyma cells, RbcL accumulated 20-fold higher in the CCC than in the PCC, while PPDK exhibited a concentration gradient that was the lowest in the chloroplasts in the central region of the CCC and the highest in PCC chloroplasts. The pattern of rbcL transcript accumulation followed that of its polypeptides in developing leaves, suggesting that the expression of this gene was likely controlled by transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional processes. Immunocytochemical results examining the distribution of photosystems I and II in the chloroplasts of chlorenchyma cells from mature leaves showed that PSII is more abundant in chloroplasts of the central compartment, whereas PSI is higher in those of the peripheral compartment. The quantitative real-time PCR results of rbcL, psbA, and psaB transcripts from the isolated chloroplasts of each compartment further supported this observation. Our results suggest that multiple levels of regulation play a role in controlling the differential accumulation of photosynthetic gene expression in the dimorphic chloroplasts of single-cell C4 species during leaf development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Plants to Light Stress)
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14 pages, 1734 KiB  
Article
The Influence of End-of-Day Blue Light on the Growth, Photosynthetic, and Metabolic Parameters of Lettuce at Different Development Stages
by Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Giedrė Samuolienė, Vaidevutis Šveikauskas, Kristina Laužikė and Sigita Jurkonienė
Plants 2022, 11(20), 2798; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202798 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of end-of-day blue (EOD B) light on the physiological response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Lobjoits Green Cos) at different phenological development stages. Plants were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber (day/night temperature 21 ± 2 [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the effect of end-of-day blue (EOD B) light on the physiological response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Lobjoits Green Cos) at different phenological development stages. Plants were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber (day/night temperature 21 ± 2 °C; relative air humidity 60 ± 5%) under the light of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of 5% blue (B; 450 nm), 85% red (R; 660 nm), and 10% green (G; 530 nm) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 for 16 h d−1 (BRG, control) for 8, 15, and 25 days (BBCH 12, BBCH 14, and BBCH 18, respectively). For the EOD B treatments, lettuce plants were additionally illuminated with 100% of B light at 30 and 60 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD for 4 h d−1 (B30 and B60, respectively). The results show that EOD B light caused the elevated shoot elongation of lettuce plants regardless of their growth stages. However, leaf width increased only in more developed lettuce plants (BBCH 18). EOD B light negatively affected the development of new leaves and fresh weight, except for seedlings (BBCH 12). Most photosynthetic and spectral leaf indices also decreased when lettuce was treated with EOD B light, especially under the PPFD level of 60 µmol m−2 s−1. Moreover, the changes in metabolic parameters such as DPPH free radical activity, free proline content, and H+-ATPase activity in lettuce showed a plant response to unfavorable conditions to EOD B light. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Plants to Light Stress)
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