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Polymers
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Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications
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Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 28868

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Márk Fráter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Esthetic and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: resin composite; fiber-reinforced composite; root canal-treated teeth; fracture resistance; direct restoration; adhesive restoration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Edina Lempel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, 5. Dischka St., 7621 Pécs, Hungary
Interests: resin composite; polymerization; monomer conversion; monomer elution; bulk fill; pre-heated composite; adhesive rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zsolt Tóth

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9 Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: laser; plasma deposition; polymer, graphitic, and diamond-like carbon; biomechanical testing; surface processing of dental implants; Raman spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In recent years, numerous polymeric dental materials have been developed with the aim of reconstructing and maintaining the oral function, health, and aesthetics of patients. Although, among these materials, resin-based composites are probably the most important from the perspective of aesthetics and performance, these synthetic materials are utilized in all parts of and specialty areas in the field of dentistry. The latest developments in new bioactive polymers and the ongoing advancements in both digitalization and guided treatments have further broadened the fields of their application.  

Thus, the subject of advanced dental polymeric materials is quite interdisciplinary and may provide a wide range of research topics. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather the latest original research studies involving polymer materials in the field of dentistry. We look forward to receiving your manuscripts concerning this field. Research articles, review articles, and short communications are all welcome.

Dr. Márk Fráter
Dr. Edina Lempel
Dr. Zsolt Tóth
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resin composite
  • direct restorations
  • indirect restoration
  • fiber reinforcement
  • dental polymers
  • material science
  • biomechanical testing
  • monomer
  • polymerization

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5175 KiB  
Article
Effect of Adhesion Conditions on the Shear Bond Strength of 3D Printing Resins after Thermocycling Used for Definitive Prosthesis
by You-Jung Kang, Yeseul Park, Yooseok Shin and Jee-Hwan Kim
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061390 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing polymers such as urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) are typically used in definitive prosthesis and require surface treatments before bonding. However, surface treatment and adhesion conditions often affect long-term use. Herein, polymers were divided into Groups [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing polymers such as urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) are typically used in definitive prosthesis and require surface treatments before bonding. However, surface treatment and adhesion conditions often affect long-term use. Herein, polymers were divided into Groups 1 and 2 for the UDMA and Bis-EMA components, respectively. The shear bond strength (SBS) between two types of 3D printing resins and resin cements was measured using Rely X Ultimate Cement and Rely X U200, according to adhesion conditions such as single bond universal (SBU) and airborne-particle abrasion (APA) treatments. Thermocycling was performed to evaluate the long-term stability. Sample surface changes were observed using a scanning electron microscope and surface roughness measuring instrument. The effect of interaction between the resin material and adhesion conditions on the SBS was analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance. The optimal adhesion condition for Group 1 was achieved when U200 was used after APA and SBU, whereas Group 2 was not significantly affected by the adhesion conditions. After thermocycling, the SBS significantly decreased in Group 1 without APA treatment and in the entire Group 2. Additionally, porosity, along with increased roughness, was observed on both material surfaces after APA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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13 pages, 3054 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Mechanical Properties of a Novel Graphene-Reinforced PMMA-Based Dental Restorative Material
by Francesco De Angelis, Mirco Vadini, Matteo Buonvivere, Antonio Valerio, Michele Di Cosola, Adriano Piattelli, Virginia Biferi and Camillo D’Arcangelo
Polymers 2023, 15(3), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030622 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2042
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the incorporation of graphene in resin-based dental materials might enhance their mechanical properties and even decrease their degree of contraction during polymerization. The present study aimed at comparing the three-point flexural strength (FS), the compressive strength (CS), and the [...] Read more.
Recent studies suggest that the incorporation of graphene in resin-based dental materials might enhance their mechanical properties and even decrease their degree of contraction during polymerization. The present study aimed at comparing the three-point flexural strength (FS), the compressive strength (CS), and the Vickers hardness (VH) of a CAD/CAM poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based resin, a recently introduced graphene-reinforced CAD/CAM PMMA-based resin (G-PMMA), and a conventional dental bis-acryl composite resin (BACR). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected among the materials in terms of flexural strength. On the other hand, a mean flexural modulus value of 9920.1 MPa was recorded in BACR group, significantly higher compared to the flexural modulus detected for G-PMMA (2670.2 MPa) and for conventional PMMA (2505.3) (p < 0.05). In terms of compressive modulus (MPa) and compressive strength (MPa), BACR was significantly stiffer than PMMA and G-PMMA. Concerning VH measurements, a significantly increased hardness emerged comparing the BACR group (VH 98.19) to both PMMA and G-PMMA groups (VH 34.16 and 34.26, respectively). Based on the finding of the present study, the graphene-reinforced (PMMA)-based polymer herein tested was not superior to the conventional PMMA and seemed not able to be considered as an alternative material for permanent restorations, at least in terms of hardness and mechanical response to compressive stress. More research on the mechanical/biological properties of G-PMMAs (and on graphene as a filler) seems still necessary to better clarify their potential as dental restorative materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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11 pages, 1027 KiB  
Article
Color Assessment of Feldspathic Ceramic with Two Different Thicknesses, Using Multiple Polymeric Cements
by Catarina Gomes, Francisco Martins, José Alexandre Reis, Paulo Durão Maurício and María Piedad Ramírez-Fernández
Polymers 2023, 15(2), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15020397 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of feldspathic ceramics CEREC Blocs (Dentsply Sirona, Milford, DE, USA) when cemented with different luting agents, while varying the ceramic thickness. Seventy ceramic discs of feldspathic ceramic (A2 shade) were obtained with [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of feldspathic ceramics CEREC Blocs (Dentsply Sirona, Milford, DE, USA) when cemented with different luting agents, while varying the ceramic thickness. Seventy ceramic discs of feldspathic ceramic (A2 shade) were obtained with 0.5 and 0.8 mm thicknesses. Seventy composite discs (A3 shade) 1 mm in thickness were used as substrates. After being polished and conditioned, the ceramic and composite discs were cemented with different resin cements and a flowable composite: Variolink® Esthetic Light, Neutral and Warm (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); RelyXTM Veneer B0.5, Translucent and A3 Opaque/yellow shades (3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA); G-aenial® Universal Flow A2 (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium). Color difference (ΔE) was determined using a spectrophotometer. A two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method with a 95% confidence interval. Variolink® Neutral showed the highest ΔE (15.12 ± 0.71) and RelyXTM Veneer A3 the lowest value (1.59 ± 0.33). There are no statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses for Variolink® Light (p = 0.230) and RelyXTM Veneer B0.5 (p = 0.318) cements. The feldspathic ceramic final color is influenced by the cement used and the ceramic thickness. The use of different cements in a thin ceramic has a clinically significant impact on the final esthetic result. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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15 pages, 4985 KiB  
Article
Optimal Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Filler Ratio in a Dental Varnish Effective for Inhibition of Biofilm-Induced Root Dentin Demineralization
by Syed Ali Murtuza, Khairul Matin, Noriko Hiraishi and Yasushi Shimada
Polymers 2022, 14(22), 5015; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14225015 - 18 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1381
Abstract
A unique type of dental varnish (DV) containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) fillers of different concentrations was evaluated to determine the unpresented optimal ratio for inhibiting root dentin bio-demineralization. S-PRG DVs (10% to 40%)—10%-S, 20%-S, 30%-S, and 40%-S—were [...] Read more.
A unique type of dental varnish (DV) containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) fillers of different concentrations was evaluated to determine the unpresented optimal ratio for inhibiting root dentin bio-demineralization. S-PRG DVs (10% to 40%)—10%-S, 20%-S, 30%-S, and 40%-S—were applied to bovine root dentin blocks and compared with controls—0%-f (no S-PRG) and 5%-NaF (5%-NaF). The Streptococcus mutans biofilm challenge was executed inside and outside an oral biofilm reactor for 7 days. The specimens were examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Furthermore, they were observed using a scanning electron microscope and analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The roughness (SzJIS) due to leaching of DV materials and demineralization depth were significantly less in the S-PRG groups than the control groups (p < 0.05). Complete or partially plugged dentinal tubules (DTs) were observed in 20%-S, 30%-S, and 40%-S, while wide-open DTs were observed more in controls. Cylindrical tags were present in groups containing more than 20% S-PRG. F, Na, Al, and Sr were detected in a higher percentile ratio in the 20%-S, 30%-S, and 40%-S groups compared to 0%-f and 10%-S. Nonetheless, it is suggested that incorporating 20% to 30% S-PRG fillers in DVs would be effective enough as an anti-demineralization coating, together with supplementing minerals; further evaluation is required to validate these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 5478 KiB  
Article
Comparative In Vitro Biocompatibility Study of the Two Orthodontic Bonding Materials of Different Types
by Predrag Janošević, Sanja Stojanović, Ivana Stojanović, Mirjana Janošević and Stevo Najman
Polymers 2022, 14(22), 4998; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14224998 - 18 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro biocompatibility and cell response to two commonly used orthodontic bonding materials of different types, one self-curing and one light-curing, were examined and compared in indirect and direct cell culture systems. The study was conducted on fibroblasts [...] Read more.
In the present study, the in vitro biocompatibility and cell response to two commonly used orthodontic bonding materials of different types, one self-curing and one light-curing, were examined and compared in indirect and direct cell culture systems. The study was conducted on fibroblasts and macrophages as in vitro models to study the biocompatibility of dental materials. Differences were found between the light- and self-curing material in cytotoxicity and effects on fibroblasts’ proliferation in indirect cell culture systems as well as in macrophages response in vitro in both direct and indirect cell culture systems. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the self-curing material is generally more cytotoxic for fibroblasts compared to the light-curing, while macrophages’ response to these materials was dependent on the macrophages’ state and differed between the examined materials. This indicates that more attention should be paid when choosing and applying these materials in practice due to their toxicity to cells. Prior to their use, all aspects should be considered regarding the patient’s conditions, associated problems, microenvironment in the oral cavity, etc. Further studies on in vivo models should be conducted to fully understand the potential long-term effects of the use of mentioned materials in orthodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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15 pages, 5337 KiB  
Article
Extra-Oral Three-Dimensional (3D) Scanning Evaluation of Three Different Impression Materials—An In Vitro Study
by Eugen S. Bud, Vlad I. Bocanet, Mircea H. Muntean, Alexandru Vlasa, Mariana Păcurar, Irina Nicoleta Zetu, Bianca I. Soporan and Anamaria Bud
Polymers 2022, 14(17), 3678; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173678 - 5 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Impression materials are used to record and reproduce the exact morphology of the patient’s oral cavity. The dimensional stability of a material is its ability to maintain the accuracy of recording the details of the oral cavity for a longer period of time, [...] Read more.
Impression materials are used to record and reproduce the exact morphology of the patient’s oral cavity. The dimensional stability of a material is its ability to maintain the accuracy of recording the details of the oral cavity for a longer period of time, including the time during imprinting and immediately after. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three different impression materials commonly used in the dental practice with the aid of an extra-oral three-dimensional (3D) scanner using an in vitro analysis. A typodont tooth model of the maxillary dental arch and mandibular dental arch, containing 16 permanent teeth, was used for evaluation. With the aid of three different impression materials, this model was imprinted fifteen times, resulting in fifteen different plaster models. A capsule extra-oral scanner device was used to digitalize the models and the same device was later used to align, compare, and measure scanned model surfaces. After performing the Kruskal–Wallis test for each measurement category (model), only two out of the fifteen measurements showed statistically significant differences between the material groups: vestibular-oral and mesial-distal width. Post hoc analysis showed that the alginate model (mean range = 29.13) had significantly higher bias scores than the addition silicone model (mean range = 16.75) (z = 2.501, p = 0.037). The difference between the average values of the model bias made from condensation-based silicone and addition-based silicone was initially significant, but after applying the Bonferroni correction for further comparisons, this relationship did not remain significant (z = 2.197, p = 0.084). Addition-based silicone models had the highest accuracy in terms of fidelity, followed by condensation-based silicones, and then by alginate models. Silicone-based impression materials improved over time, being highly used in all areas of dentistry. Alginate impressions had the lowest pattern of accuracy among those studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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13 pages, 1445 KiB  
Article
Fracture Resistance and Microleakage around Direct Restorations in High C-Factor Cavities
by Emese Battancs, Tekla Sáry, Janka Molnár, Gábor Braunitzer, Máté Skolnikovics, Árpád Schindler, Balázs Szabó P., Sufyan Garoushi and Márk Fráter
Polymers 2022, 14(17), 3463; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173463 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical impact of different direct restorations in terms of fracture resistance, and subsequent fracture pattern, in occlusal high C-factor cavities. Furthermore, the adaptation of different direct restorations in the form of gap formation was [...] Read more.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical impact of different direct restorations in terms of fracture resistance, and subsequent fracture pattern, in occlusal high C-factor cavities. Furthermore, the adaptation of different direct restorations in the form of gap formation was also evaluated. Seventy-two intact mandibular molars were collected and randomly distributed into three groups (n = 24). Class I occlusal cavities with standardized dimensions were prepared in all specimens. After adhesive treatment, the cavities were restored with direct restorations utilizing three different materials. Group 1: layered conventional packable resin composite (Filtek Ultimate), Group 2: bulk-fill resin composite (SDR), Group 3: bulk-fill short fibre-reinforced composite (SFRC; everX Posterior) covered with packable composite occlusally. Half of the restored specimens underwent static load-to fracture testing (n = 12/group), while the rest underwent sectioning and staining for microleakage evaluation and gap formation analysis. Fracture patterns were evaluated visually among the mechanically tested specimens. The layered composite restoration (Group 1) showed significantly lower fracture resistance compared to the bulk fill groups (Group 2, p = 0.005, Group 3, p = 0.008), while there was no difference in fracture resistance between the other groups. In terms of gap formation values, the layered composite restoration (Group 1) produced significantly higher gap formation compared to the bulk-fill groups (Group 2, p = 0.000, Group 3, p = 0.000). Regarding the fracture pattern, SFRC (Group 3) produced the highest number, while SDR (Group 2) produced the lowest number of repairable fractures. The use of bulk-fill resin composite (fibre or non-fibre-reinforced) for occlusal direct restorations in high C-factor cavities showed promising achievements regarding both fracture resistance and microleakage. Furthermore, the use of short fibre-reinforced bulk-fill composite can also improve the fracture pattern of the restoration-tooth unit. Bulk-fill materials provide a simple and effective solution for restoring and reinforcing high C-factor occlusal cavities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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13 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
Surface Characteristics and Color Stability of Dental PEEK Related to Water Saturation and Thermal Cycling
by Liliana Porojan, Flavia Roxana Toma, Mihaela Ionela Bîrdeanu, Roxana Diana Vasiliu, Ion-Dragoș Uțu and Anamaria Matichescu
Polymers 2022, 14(11), 2144; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112144 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
(1) Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the surface characteristics, microhardness, and color stability of PEEK materials related to water saturation and in vitro aging. (2) Methods: Custom specimens of unmodified and modified PEEK CAD/CAM materials were investigated: BioHPP, a ceramic reinforced [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the surface characteristics, microhardness, and color stability of PEEK materials related to water saturation and in vitro aging. (2) Methods: Custom specimens of unmodified and modified PEEK CAD/CAM materials were investigated: BioHPP, a ceramic reinforced PEEK, and Finoframe PEEK and Juvora medical PEEK, 100% PEEK materials. Forty-eight plates were sectioned in rectangular slices. The specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37 °C for a period of 28 days, and then subjected to aging by thermal cycling (10,000 cycles). Surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer; nanosurface topographic characterization was made by Atomic Force Microscopy; Vickers hardness measurements were performed with a micro-hardness tester; color changes were calculated. All registrations were made before immersion in water and then subsequently once a week for 4 weeks, and after thermocycling. (3) Results: The studied reinforced and unfilled PEEK materials reached water saturation after the first week of immersion, without significant differences between them. The most affected from this point of view was the reinforced PEEK material. Thermocycling induces a significant increase inmicroroughness, without significant differences between the studied materials. In relation to the nanosurface topography and roughness, the reinforced PEEK material was the least modified by aging. The color changes after 4 weeks of water immersion and one year of simulated in vitro aging ranged from extremely slight to slight, for all materials. (4) Conclusions: Water absorption was associated with a decrease in microhardness. Surface characteristics are affected by water immersion and thermocycling. Perceivable or marked color changes of the materials were not detected during the study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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14 pages, 1931 KiB  
Article
Effect of Air-Polishing and Different Post-Polishing Methods on Surface Roughness of Nanofill and Microhybrid Resin Composites
by Kinga Dorottya Németh, Dóra Haluszka, László Seress, Bálint Viktor Lovász, József Szalma and Edina Lempel
Polymers 2022, 14(9), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091643 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2195
Abstract
Air-abrasion is a popular prophylactic procedure to maintain oral hygiene. However, depending on the applied air-abrasive powder, it can damage the surface of the tooth and restorations, making it susceptible to plaque accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect [...] Read more.
Air-abrasion is a popular prophylactic procedure to maintain oral hygiene. However, depending on the applied air-abrasive powder, it can damage the surface of the tooth and restorations, making it susceptible to plaque accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 s and 10 s air-abrasion of calcium carbonate on surface roughness (Ra) of enamel, nanofill, and microhybrid resin-composites and the effect of post-polishing with two-step rubber- (RP) or one-step brush polisher (BP) to re-establish the surface smoothness. Surface topography was visualized by scanning-electron-microscopy. The quantitative measurement of the Ra was carried out with atomic-force-microscopy. Air-abrasion for 10 s decreased the Ra of enamel as a result of abrasion of the natural surface texture. Post-polishing with RP after 10 s air-abrasion did not change the Ra or BP; however, Ra was increased significantly by scratching the surface. Air-abrasion increased the Ra of resin composites significantly, irrespective of the application time. While RP provided a similarly smooth surface to the control in the case of microhybrid resin composite, BP increased the Ra significantly. The Ra for the control group of the nanofill-resin composite was initially high, which was further increased by air-abrasion. RP and BP re-established the initial Ra with deeper and shallower scratches after BP. Both the material and treatment type showed a large effect on Ra. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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19 pages, 5359 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Digital Fabrication Techniques on the Accuracy of PMMA Working Models and Vertical Marginal Fit of PMMA Provisional Dental Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study
by Marina Sidhom, Hanaa Zaghloul, Ihab El-Sayed Mosleh and Elzahraa Eldwakhly
Polymers 2022, 14(7), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071285 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5329
Abstract
Background: Minimal evidence exists on the efficacy of different digital manufacturing techniques in the fabrication of precise dental working models and provisional prosthesis. Aim of study: The objective was to evaluate the effect of two digital fabrication techniques (CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing) [...] Read more.
Background: Minimal evidence exists on the efficacy of different digital manufacturing techniques in the fabrication of precise dental working models and provisional prosthesis. Aim of study: The objective was to evaluate the effect of two digital fabrication techniques (CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing) on the accuracy of PMMA working models and marginal fit of PMMA provisional prosthesis. Materials and methods: Two abutment teeth of modified typodont were prepared. A reference stone model was fabricated, and an optical impression was performed to obtain a CAD reference model. Four CAM milled working models and four printed working models were fabricated. CAD software was used to design the provisional prostheses. Group A tested four milled provisional prosthesis, and group B tested four 3D printed prosthesis. The 3D accuracy of working models was assessed by superimposition of the control reference working model on the CAD test working model. A stereo-optical microscope was used to assess vertical marginal fit of the provisional dental prosthesis. Student’s t and Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to compare the two groups. Results: Results showed no statistically significant difference between the two tested groups. Conclusion: The two digital working model fabrication techniques recorded comparable accuracy. Similarly, 3D printed provisional prosthesis showed comparable marginal fit to the CAD/CAM milled ones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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13 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
Effect of Finish Line Design on the Fit Accuracy of CAD/CAM Monolithic Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic-Network Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vitro Study
by Mirza Rustum Baig, Aqdar A. Akbar and Munira Embaireeg
Polymers 2021, 13(24), 4311; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244311 - 9 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material has recently been introduced for dental use and evidence is developing regarding the fit accuracy of such crowns with different preparation designs. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the precision of fit of [...] Read more.
A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material has recently been introduced for dental use and evidence is developing regarding the fit accuracy of such crowns with different preparation designs. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the precision of fit of machined monolithic PICN single crowns in comparison to lithium disilicate crowns in terms of marginal gap, internal gap, and absolute marginal discrepancies. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of finish line configuration on the fit accuracy of crowns made from the two materials. Two master metal dies were used to create forty stone dies, with twenty each for the two finish lines, shoulder and chamfer. The stone dies were scanned to produce virtual models, on which ceramic crowns were designed and milled, with ten each for the four material–finish line combinations (n = 10). Marginal gaps and absolute marginal discrepancies were evaluated at six pre-determined margin locations, and the internal gap was measured at 60 designated points using a stereomicroscope-based digital image analysis system. The influence of the material and finish line on the marginal and internal adaptation of crowns was assessed by analyzing the data using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), non-parametric, and Bonferroni multiple comparison post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). ANOVA revealed that the differences in the marginal gaps and the absolute marginal discrepancies between the two materials were significant (p < 0.05), but that those the finish line effect and the interaction were not significant (p > 0.05). Using the Mann–Whitney U test, the differences in IG for ‘material’ and ‘finish line’ were not found to be significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the finish line configuration did not seem to affect the marginal and internal adaptation of PICN and lithium disilicate crowns. The marginal gap of PICN crowns was below the clinically acceptable threshold of 120 µm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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11 pages, 1680 KiB  
Communication
Fracture Behavior and Integrity of Different Direct Restorative Materials to Restore Noncarious Cervical Lesions
by Emese Battancs, Márk Fráter, Tekla Sáry, Emese Gál, Gábor Braunitzer, Balázs Szabó P. and Sufyan Garoushi
Polymers 2021, 13(23), 4170; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234170 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture resistance and marginal leakage of noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL) restorations made of different restorative materials. Eighty upper premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20/group). Standardized NCCL cavity preparations were [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture resistance and marginal leakage of noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL) restorations made of different restorative materials. Eighty upper premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20/group). Standardized NCCL cavity preparations were performed on the buccal surface of the teeth and then restored with four different materials. Group 1: Packable resin composite (PC); Group 2: Highly flowable resin composite (HF); Group 3: Low flowable resin composite (LF); Group 4: Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). After restorations were completed, cyclic and static fracture behavior was evaluated using a loading testing machine. Extra restored teeth were sectioned and then stained (n = 5/group). The specimens were viewed under a stereo microscope and the percentage of microgaps at the tooth–restoration interface was calculated. All restored teeth survived after fatigue loading. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between the tested restorations after the static loading test. NCCLs restored with highly filled flowable composite showed the least microleakage among the tested groups (p < 0.05). The investigated restorative materials are acceptable for NCCL restorations in terms of fracture resistance and microleakage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
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