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Processes
Special Issues
Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys
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Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 3866

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhou Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: metal composite materials; advanced forming technology; lightweight design; manufacturing of automobile bodies; integration of new energy pure electric vehicle drive systems
Dr. Yao Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Welding and Additive Manufacturing Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
Interests: advanced forming techniques; additive manufacturing; materials processing and design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Processes is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed international journal committed to advancing the fundamental understanding and broader application of metals and alloys. This journal plays a critical role in bridging the gap between pure research and its practical application, serving as a crucial medium to share advancements, innovations, and breakthroughs in the fields of material science and engineering. Our scope encompasses a wide range of topics, from the processing of metals and alloys—including casting, forming, machining, and joining—to the exploration of their properties and performance under various conditions. We also delve into innovative manufacturing methods and the development of new alloys, providing comprehensive coverage of both conventional and advanced approaches.

This Special Issue on “Processing, Manufacturing and Properties Study of Metal and Alloys” seeks high quality works focusing on the advanced processing and manufacturing technologies to improve the performance of new metal and alloys. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Advaced manufacturing of metal,alloys and composites: Investigating the feasibility, process optimization, and properties of metal, alloys and composites produced through additive manufacturing, forming, rolling, forging and casting techniques.
  • Multi-material joining techniques for lightweight structures: Examining innovative methods for joining dissimilar metals and alloys to enable the fabrication of lightweight structures with superior properties.
  • Tribological properties of surface-engineered coatings and cladding metals: Investigating the friction, wear, and lubrication properties of advanced surface coatings and cladding metals, including cladding composite, thin films, nanocomposites, and self-lubricating coatings, for applications in high-performance machining, automotive, and aerospace industries.
  • Fatigue and fracture of lightweight alloys and composites: Investigating the fatigue life, crack initiation, and propagation behavior.
  • CNC machining technology for metals and alloys: Investigating recent technological advancements in CNC machining for metals and alloys, including new machine designs, software innovations, and enhanced cutting tool materials.

Dr. Zhou Li
Dr. Yao Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced manufacturing
  • multi-material joining techniques
  • tribological properties
  • fatigue and fracture
  • CNC machining technology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 11562 KiB  
Article
Processing of Ilmenite Concentrate with High Chromium Content
by Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev, Almagul Ultarakova, Azamat Toishybek and Nurzhan Sadykov
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1462; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071462 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 256
Abstract
The results of research on the processing of ilmenite concentrate from the Obukhovskoye deposit are presented in this article. As the concentrate has a high chromium content, the study involved converting the iron into metal and the titanium into slag through the addition [...] Read more.
The results of research on the processing of ilmenite concentrate from the Obukhovskoye deposit are presented in this article. As the concentrate has a high chromium content, the study involved converting the iron into metal and the titanium into slag through the addition of soda. Positive results were obtained during the smelting of the ilmenite concentrate, and a one-stage smelting mode was established. This mode involved an increase in the temperature up to 1700 °C, with a heating step of 10 °C/min and using an argon supply. The holding time at this temperature was 30 min, followed by cooling to 700 °C in argon. The optimal parameters for sintering the non-magnetic fraction with soda and leaching the sinter with water and hydrochloric acid solution were also determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys)
14 pages, 35507 KiB  
Article
Nano-Strand Formation via Gas Phase Reactions from Al-Co-Fe Reacted with CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Flux at 1350 °C: SEM Study and Thermochemistry Calculations
by Theresa Coetsee and Frederik De Bruin
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071342 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 656
Abstract
The submerged arc welding (SAW) process is operated at high temperatures, up to 2500 °C, in the arc cavity formed by molten oxy-fluoride flux (slag). These high arc cavity temperatures and the complex interaction of gas–slag–metal reactions in a small space below the [...] Read more.
The submerged arc welding (SAW) process is operated at high temperatures, up to 2500 °C, in the arc cavity formed by molten oxy-fluoride flux (slag). These high arc cavity temperatures and the complex interaction of gas–slag–metal reactions in a small space below the arc render the study of specific chemical interactions difficult. The importance of gas phase reactions in the arc cavity of the SAW process is well established. A low-temperature (1350 °C) experimental method was applied to simulate and study the vaporisation and re-condensation behaviour of the gas species emanating from oxy-fluoride flux. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses and reaction thermochemistry calculations were combined to explain the role of Al as a de-oxidiser element in gas phase chemistry and, consequently, in nano-strand formation reactions. EDX element maps showed that the nano-strands contain elemental Ti only, and the nano-strand end-caps contain Co-Mn-Fe fluoride. This indicates a sequence of condensation reactions, as Ti in the gas phase is re-condensed first to form the nano-strands and the end-caps formed from subsequent re-condensation of Co-Mn-Fe fluorides. The nano-strand diameters are approximately 120 nm to 360 nm. The end-cap diameter typically matches the nano-strand diameter. Thermochemical calculations in terms of simple reactions confirm the likely formation of the nanofeatures from the gas phase species due to the Al displacement of metals from their metal fluoride gas species according to the reaction: yAl + xMFy ↔ xM + yAlFx. The gas–slag–metal equilibrium model shows that TiO2 in the flux is transformed into TiF3 gas. Formation of Ti nano-strands is possible via displacement of Ti from TiF3 by Al to form Al-fluoride gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys)
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14 pages, 6875 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Tribocorrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Biomedical Alloy in Simulated Oral Environments
by Sónia I. G. Fangaia, Ana Messias, Fernando A. D. R. A. Guerra, Ana C. F. Ribeiro, Artur J. M. Valente and Pedro M. G. Nicolau
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071283 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 314
Abstract
The sliding wear of Ti-6Al-4V alloys coexisting with dental amalgam in a simulated temperature-controlled cell was evaluated. Disc-shaped samples of Ti-6Al-4V (n = 30) and spherical silver amalgam (n = 30) were prepared. Discs were subjected to wear while immersed in [...] Read more.
The sliding wear of Ti-6Al-4V alloys coexisting with dental amalgam in a simulated temperature-controlled cell was evaluated. Disc-shaped samples of Ti-6Al-4V (n = 30) and spherical silver amalgam (n = 30) were prepared. Discs were subjected to wear while immersed in artificial and fluoridated saliva as follows: Ti-6Al-4V–Ti-6Al-4V (G1); amalgam–amalgam (G2), and Ti-6Al-4V–amalgam (G3). Samples were analyzed for mass variation, volume loss, and surface roughness. Wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Wearing induced significant mass loss for all groups except G3 in fluoridated saliva: Ti-6Al-4V (p = 0.045) and amalgam (p = 0.732). These samples presented an increase in mean surface roughness (p = 0.032 and 0.010, respectively). Overall, Ti-6Al-4V showed 0.07 mm3 (95% CI: [0.06–0.07]) higher wear track volume. Ti-6Al-4V has a higher mass loss when subjected to fluoridated media but no significant roughness variation. Fluor-containing substances should be avoided over Ti-6Al-4V alloys placed in areas of mechanical wear, especially if dental amalgam is also present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys)
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13 pages, 13043 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Performance of Micro Deep Drawing through the Application of TiO2 Nanolubricant and Graphene Lubricants on SUS 301 Stainless Steel Foil
by Di Pan, Guangqing Zhang, Fanghui Jia, Yao Lu, Jun Wang, Zhou Li, Lianjie Li, Ming Yang and Zhengyi Jiang
Processes 2023, 11(10), 3042; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11103042 - 23 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1036
Abstract
In recent years, the quest for effective lubrication in micro deep drawing (MDD) has seen promising advancements. In this study, the influence of TiO2 nanolubricants and graphene lubricants on the performance of 301 stainless steel foil in MDD is examined. The MDD [...] Read more.
In recent years, the quest for effective lubrication in micro deep drawing (MDD) has seen promising advancements. In this study, the influence of TiO2 nanolubricants and graphene lubricants on the performance of 301 stainless steel foil in MDD is examined. The MDD undergoes an extensive evaluation of various lubrication conditions, including dry, TiO2 nanolubricant, graphene lubricant at concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL, 5.0 mg/mL, and 10.0 mg/mL, as well as combined applications of TiO2 and graphene lubricants. Utilising a 5.0 mg/mL graphene lubricant together with TiO2 nanolubricants led to a significant reduction in drawing force, highlighting the synergistic efficacy of this combined lubricant. A pronounced enhancement in the consistency of the produced microcups was also attained. These results emphasise the promise of TiO2 nanolubricant and graphene lubricants in optimising the MDD process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys)
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14 pages, 16237 KiB  
Article
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Production of Pipes Welded with High-Frequency Induction
by Zbigniew Techmański, Jacek Stępień, Tomasz Garstka, Paweł Wieczorek, Grzegorz Golański and Jan Supernak
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2798; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092798 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1151
Abstract
This article presents the technical aspects that may reduce electric power consumption during the welding of pipes with the high-frequency induction (HFI) method. Experiments were carried out at Huta Łabędy S.A. Steelworks, during the test production of 323.9 × 5.6 mm pipes of [...] Read more.
This article presents the technical aspects that may reduce electric power consumption during the welding of pipes with the high-frequency induction (HFI) method. Experiments were carried out at Huta Łabędy S.A. Steelworks, during the test production of 323.9 × 5.6 mm pipes of P235GH steel grade. Two sets of HFI heating system settings were studied: with a variable squeeze force of the heated edges and a variable position of the inductor in relation to the welding point. It was proven that the temperature at the welding point increased due to the stronger squeeze of the heated edges, which reduced the electric power consumption. Reducing the distance of the inductor relative to the welding point had the same effect. By optimizing the squeeze force and the position of the inductor, energy consumption was reduced by about 5.5%. Microstructural studies of the welds did not show any adverse effects of the optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys)
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