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Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2024 | Viewed by 5604

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yubing Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: rock mechanics; ECBM; safety engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Dongming Zhang

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Guest Editor

1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Interests: coal and gas co-extraction in deep underground coal mines; prevention of coal-rock dynamic disaster; low-permeability coal seam exploitation; carbon dioxide fracturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Shan Yin

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Guest Editor

School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: geophysical response and monitoring of magnetic field; electromagnetic radiation; infrared radiation; acoustic emission of coal and rock dynamic disasters; research and development of experiment; theory and instrument for monitoring the electromagnetic effects of coal and rock failure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are numerous deep-underground projects worldwide, such as deep-underground coal mining, deep-buried tunnel construction, and deep-underground laboratories. The stress, fracture network, and fluid–solid coupling around the deep underground coal and rock structure become more complex with the increasing depth. Ensuring the safety, stability, and sustainability of deep underground engineering is becoming a new challenge to both researchers and engineers. There has been a major demand to prevent and control coal–rock dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering.

During the development of deep underground engineering, the safety, stability and sustainability of coal and rock mass is the main concern. The aim of this Special Issue is to attract more attentions and discussion on the sustainability of the mechanisms and prevention of coal–rock dynamic disaster and rock engineering.

This research topic aims to provide researchers with an opportunity to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on sustainability in mechanism and prevention of coal–rock dynamic disaster and rock engineering.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

coal and rock dynamic disaster;
sustainable coal and rock disaster prevention and control;
coal and rock instability mechanism;
coal and rock fluid-solid interaction;
coal and rock fluid flow characteristics;
sustainable experimental coal and rock testing;
disaster evolution process and mechanism;
risk identification and evaluation;
sustainable monitoring and early warning.

Original research and review articles are both welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Applied Sciences.

Dr. Yubing Liu
Prof. Dr. Dongming Zhang
Dr. Shan Yin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

coal and rock dynamic disaster
coal and rock disaster prevention and control
coal and rock instability mechanism
coal and rock fluid–solid interaction
coal and rock fluid flow characteristics
experimental coal and rock testing
disaster evolution process and mechanism
risk identification and evaluation
monitoring and early warning

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Performance Study of Composite Protein Foaming Agent Based on Human Hair Residue

by Xuebo Zhang, Shuaiqi Du, Linxiu Han, Xiaojun Feng and Ming Yang

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6608; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156608 - 2 Aug 2024

Viewed by 420

Abstract

The instability and collapse of boreholes during coal seam gas extraction significantly affect the effectiveness of gas extraction. In response, this study selected human hair residue as the base material for composite protein foaming agents, leveraging the high protein content of animal hoof and hair materials to develop a high-strength, high-permeability, and environmentally friendly new type of foam concrete. This research found that the optimal ratio of foaming agent base solution to water is 1:4 when sodium hydroxide is used for protein hydrolysis. Comparing the foaming effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), α-sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (SLS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (SLS) exhibited the best foaming performance, while α-sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) had the best foam stability. The optimal foam performance was achieved by mixing 2.0 g per liter of sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and 0.3% calcium stearate. The experimental results showed that this foam concrete, with 25 mL of foaming agent, has a high strength exceeding 11 MPa and a high permeability with an average of 2.13 MD. This paper utilizes environmentally friendly materials and preparation processes. By using renewable resources such as human hair residue as raw materials, it helps reduce the dependence on natural resources and promotes sustainable development. This research demonstrates significant sustainability and provides the mining industry with an eco-friendly and efficient solution, with the potential to achieve positive economic and environmental benefits in practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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13 pages, 8218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Frequency Characteristics of Vibration Events in an Underground Coal Mine and Their Implications on Rock Burst Monitoring and Prevention

by Jianju Ren, Xin Zhang, Qinghua Gu, Wenlong Zhang, Weiqin Wang and Long Fan

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5485; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135485 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 424

Abstract

The main frequency of microseismic signals has recently been identified as a dominant indicator for characterizing vibration events because it reflects the energy level of these events. Frequency information directly determines whether effective signals can be collected, which has a significant impact on the accuracy of predicting rock burst disasters. In this study, we adopted a characterizing method and developed a monitoring system for capturing rock failure events at various strata in an underground coal mine. Based on the rock break mechanism and energy release level, three types of rock failure events, namely, high roof breaking, low roof breaking, and coal fracture events, were evaluated separately using specific sensors and monitoring systems to optimize the monitoring accuracy and reduce the general cost. The captured vibration signals were processed and statistically analyzed to characterize the main frequency features for different rock failure events. It was found that the main frequency distribution ranges of low roof breaking, high roof breaking, and coal fracture events are 20–400 Hz, 1–180 Hz, and 1–800 Hz, respectively. Therefore, these frequency ranges are proposed to monitor different vibration events to improve detection accuracy and reduce the test and analysis times. The failure mechanism in a high roof is quite different from that of low roof failure and coal fracturing, with the main frequency and amplitude clustering in a limited zone close to the origin. Coal fracturing and lower roof failure show a synergistic effect both in the maximum amplitude and main frequency, which could be an indicator to distinguish failure locations in the vertical direction. This result can support the selection and optimization of the measurement range and main frequency parameters of microseismic monitoring systems. This study also discussed the distribution law of the maximum amplitude and main frequency of different events and the variation in test values with the measurement distance, which are of great significance in expanding the application of optimized microseismic monitoring systems for rock burst monitoring and prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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14 pages, 2144 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Influence of Temperature on the Assessment of Coal and Gas Outburst Dynamic Risk in Deep Mining

by Duoduo Yang, Sisi Wang, Yuanrui Xu, Yue Feng, Jinqian Zeng, Kangming Wang, Si Chen, Juan Zheng and Dingding Yang

Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4831; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114831 - 5 Jun 2024

Viewed by 672

Abstract

To ensure the sustainable development of energy supply, there is a continuous increase in demand for deep coal mining, making safe and efficient extraction a crucial area of research. However, with the increasing depth, rising ground temperatures pose new challenges for safe and sustainable mining operations. Among these challenges, coal and gas outburst dynamic hazards stand out as significant issues. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact of temperature variations on coal and gas outburst disaster prevention and control. To investigate this effect, we conducted an analysis based on outburst-triggering mechanisms and adsorption–desorption processes. Temperature was considered as the primary controlled variable, while gas expansion energy served as the criterion for assessing outburst hazards. Kilometer-deep coal samples were selected for measurement, focusing on indicators such as Langmuir adsorption constants (a,b), gas content (Q), gas pressure (P) and drilling cutting desorption indices (K₁, Δh₂). The results indicate that, under the same gas pressure, there is a slight decreasing trend in gas expansion energy with increasing temperature, although the overall change is minimal. Hence, the sole influence of temperature on the gas’s ability to perform work during outbursts is limited. Temperature exerts varying degrees of influence on gas parameters such as gas content and drill cutting desorption indices. The fluctuation amplitudes of these indicators range from large to small in the following order: Δh₂ > ΔP > Q > K₁ > P. Additionally, their correlation with gas expansion energy decreases in the following order: P > Q > Δh₂ > K₁ > ΔP. Thus, the influence of temperature on the indicators used in various prediction methods exhibits inconsistency, emphasizing the importance of considering temperature effects on predicted values. Gas pressure emerges as the optimal indicator for outburst determination, while gas content and drill cutting desorption indices are preferable as predictive indicators. These results will provide valuable references for the sustainable and safe development, risk assessment and prediction of deep coal mining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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16 pages, 8233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Sustainable Coal Gas Development: Microscopic Seepage Mechanism of Natural Fractured Coal Based on 3D-CT Reconstruction

by Chunwang Zhang, Zhixin Jin, Guorui Feng, Lei Zhang, Rui Gao and Chun Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4434; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114434 - 23 May 2024

Viewed by 627

Abstract

Green mining is an effective way to achieve sustainable development in the coal industry. Preventing coal and gas outburst dynamic disasters are essential for ensuring sustainable and safe mining. The numerous microscopic pores within the coal serve as the primary storage space for gas, making it critical to explore the structural distribution and seepage characteristics to reveal the disaster mechanism. Under mining stress, gas within the micropores of the coal migrates outward through cracks, with these cracks exerting a significant control effect on gas migration. Therefore, this study focuses on utilizing natural fractured coal bodies as research objects, employing a micro-CT imaging system to conduct scanning tests and digital core technology to reconstruct sample pore and fracture structures in three dimensions, and characterizing the pores, cracks, skeleton structure, and connectivity. A representative elementary volume (REV) containing macro cracks was selected to establish an equivalent model of the pore network, and a seepage simulation analysis was performed using the visualization software. Revealing the seepage characteristics of fractured coal mass from a microscopic perspective. The research results can provide guidance for gas drainage and dynamic disaster early warning in deep coal mines, thus facilitating the sustainable development of coal mining enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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24 pages, 12969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Partial Paste Backfill Mining Method in a Fully Mechanized Top-Coal Caving Face: Case Study from a Coal Mine, China

by Zhaowen Du, Deyou Chen, Xuelong Li, Yong Jian, Weizhao Zhang, Dingding Zhang and Yongfeng Tian

Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4393; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114393 - 22 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 684

Abstract

Paste backfill mining is an significant part of green coal mining, which can improve resource utilization and extend the service life of mines. It is important for solving the “three under, one above” mining problem and avoiding industrial wastes such as coal gangue and fly ash that occupy farmland and pollute the environment. To address the difficult filling problem of a fully mechanized top-coal caving face (FMT-CCF), a new method of partial paste backfill mining is herein proposed. First, the partial paste backfill mining method and implementation steps of the FMT-CCF are introduced in detail. Then, the mechanistic model of the roof beam in partial paste backfill mining is established. Then, the filling structural factors on the filling effect of the 42105 FMT-CCF are determined. Dependent on the assay of the migration law of overlying stratum after filling, numerical simulation analysis is used to research the feature effect of the main filling structural factors on the filling effect. Finally, the paste filling rate, filling width, and filling strength suitable for the 42105 FMT-CCF are obtained. When the filling rate reaches 100%, a significant alteration takes place, resulting in the efficient decrease of the overlying rock stress arch shell’s height. As the width of the filling body expands from 10 m at each end to 20 m, the stress arch of the overlying rock experiences maximum reduction, specifically decreasing by approximately 14 m. When the strength of the filling body is greater than 0.4 GPa, the filling effect is better. This study has important guidance and reference significance for the partial paste backfill of FMT-CCF in thick seam mining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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15 pages, 6271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Sustainable Coal Mining: Investigating Multifractal Characteristics of Induced Charge Signals in Coal Damage and Failure Process

by Jinguo Lyu, Shixu Li, Yishan Pan and Zhi Tang

Sustainability 2024, 16(8), 3127; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083127 - 9 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 845

Abstract

Monitoring and preventing coal–rock dynamic disasters are essential for ensuring sustainable and safe mining. Induced charge monitoring, as a geophysical method, enables sustainable monitoring of coal–rock deformation and failure. The induced charge signal contains crucial information regarding damage evolution, making it imperative and important to explore its temporal characteristics for effective monitoring and early warnings of dynamic disasters in deep mining. This paper conducted induced charge monitoring tests at different loading rates, investigating the multifractal characteristics of induced charge signals during the early and late stages of loading. It proposed the maximum generalized dimension D(q)_max, multifractal spectrum width Δα, and height difference Δf as multifractal parameters for induced charge signals. Additionally, quantitative characterization of coal damage was performed, studying the variation patterns of signal multifractal characteristic parameters with coal damage evolution. This study revealed the induced charge signal of the coal body multifractal characteristics in the whole loading process. In the late loading stage, the double logarithmic curve demonstrated some nonlinearity compared to the previous period, indicating the higher non-uniformity of the induced charge time series. D(q)_max and Δα in the late loading stage were higher than those in the early stage and increased with loading rates. As coal damage progressed, there were significant jumps of D(q)_max in both the early and late stages of damage, with larger jumps indicating richer fracture events in the coal. The width Δα showed an overall trend of increase–decrease–increase with coal damage evolution, while the height difference Δf fluctuated around zero in the early stage of damage development but increased significantly during severe damage and destruction. By studying the multifractal characteristics of induced charge signals, this study provides insights for the early identification of coal–rock dynamic disasters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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25 pages, 11241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Influence of Mining Stress on the Sustainable Utilization of Floor Roadway in Qinan Coal Mine

by Yiqi Chen, Huaidong Liu, Changyou Liu and Shibao Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2905; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072905 - 30 Mar 2024

Viewed by 659

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of large deformations and difficult maintenance of cross-mining floor roadways, taking the track transportation roadway of the cross-mining east wing floor in Qinan Coal Mine as the engineering background, the stress field distribution of mining stress in floor strata and surrounding rock of floor roadway during the cross-mining process of the working face is studied by combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation. The results show that the influence of mining stress on the vertical stress of floor strata is reflected in the stress-increasing area in front of the coal wall and the stress-decreasing area in the rear of the coal wall. With the increase in the depth of the floor strata, the peak value of the vertical stress gradually decreases, and the distance from the peak value of the vertical stress to the coal wall and the influence range of the vertical stress gradually increases. When the width of the coal pillar is greater than the influence range of advance abutment pressure of the working face, the development speed of the plastic zone is slow. When the roadway is located in the influence range of advance abutment pressure, the plastic zone of the roadway’s surrounding rock develops rapidly. When the working face crosses the floor roadway more than 10 m, the depth of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway is no longer increased; the siltstone above the roadway is the key layer of fracturing, and the deformation of the roadway has been effectively improved after hydraulic fracturing. Through the analysis of numerical simulation results, the fracturing scheme has a significant effect on the stability control of the surrounding rock of the cross-mining floor roadway. This study has certain guiding significance for the maintenance and sustainable utilization of floor roadways in the cross-mining process, which is conducive to ensuring the sustainable mining of underground coal and the safety of personnel and equipment and is of great significance to the sustainable development of the coal mining industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mechanism and Prevention of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disaster and Rock Engineering)

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