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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 82707

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Prof. Dr. JinHyo Joseph Yun

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1. DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
2. Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwank-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Interests: open innovation; business model; open innovation economy; social open innovation; Schumpeterian dynamics; complexity; game theory; political economics
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Dr. Xiaofei Zhao

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DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
Interests: open innovation culture; organization and strategy of China; the difference between Korean firms and Chinese firms
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Dr. Zheng Liu

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Business School, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, UK; Centre for Innovation and Development, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, No. 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: innovation ecosystem; open innovation; innovation strategy and policy; creative industry
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Prof. Dr. KwangHo Jung

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Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul national University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: public administration; social innovation; market failure; system failure
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Prof. Dr. Tan Yigitcanlar

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Guest Editor

School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Interests: smart technologies, communities, cities and urbanism; knowledge-based development of cities and innovation districts; sustainable and resilient cities; communities and urban ecosystems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue includes selected studies that contribute to our understanding of how the sustainability of firms in the ambidextrous open innovation is possible.

This Special Issue will cover all special sessions of SOItmC 2020 including smart cities, autonomous cars, intelligent robots, block chain, and sharing.

This Special Issue seeks to collect the top theoretical and empirical studies on open innovation policy and management, the open innovation economy, open business models, open service innovation, and others from high-quality papers of SOItmC 2020.

In addition to these 36 papers which were selected from SOItmC 2020 special sessions, a total of 50–60 papers will be submitted to this Special Issue. We expect to publish 30–40 of these.

Time schedule of this Special Issue:

Special Issue Open: 10th June 2020

Any SOItmC 2020 authors in addition to the planned papers can submit to this Special Issue after full paper submission to the SOItmC 2020 platform and paying the registration fee until 10 June 2020 from 10th June 2020;

Close: 31 December 2020.

All papers should be submitted to this Special Issue by 31 December 2020.

Dr. JinHyo Joseph Yun
Dr. Xiaofei Zhao
Dr. Zheng Liu
Dr. KwangHo Jung
Dr. Tan Yigitcanlar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

dynamic open innovation and sustainability
open business model and sustainability
open innovation engineering and sustainability
smart city and sustainability
autonomous car and sustainability
intelligent robot and sustainability
block chain and sustainability
sharing economy and sustainability
smart wearable technology
machine intelligence in mechatronics and robotics
the impact of fire protection and safety technologies
construction education
innovation diversity for emerging economies
digital innovation and governance policy
open innovation and the role of Japan
quantum management, oriental wisdom and management innovation
the 4th industrial revolution a sustainable innovation
dynamics of open innovation in biomedical industry
open innovation and technology commercialization
technology, innovation and collaborative governance
innovation performance
knowledge transfer and convergence identification with intellectual property strategy
the roles of HR, organizational capabilities, and open innovation in the 4th industrial revolution
innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainability
digital transformation and innovation in the public sector
green governance
digital innovation and entrepreneurship
industry innovation ecosystem design and strategic development
open innovation and strategic competitiveness
measuring business excellence and case studies for sustainability
patent analysis and open innovation
innovation ecosystem for sustainable development in China
beyond innovation, beyond smart city
entrepreneurship and technology based firms
climate change and enhancement of public awareness toward industry
stories about the Korean innovation companies from start-ups and ventures to medium-large enterprises
transdisciplinary research and education in deep-net age
open innovation in the tourism sector
efficiency issues in R&D and supply chain
open innovation study of University of South Wales, Business School
open innovation with inter-rationality
design, community innovation, creativity and culture
innovation and knowledge creation

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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13 pages, 422 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Open Innovation with Relational Capital, Technological Innovation Capital, and International Performance in SMEs

by Dongwoo Ryu, Kwang Ho Baek and Junghyun Yoon

Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3418; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063418 - 19 Mar 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4418

Abstract

The importance of international markets is constantly emphasized for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). In previous studies, technological innovation capabilities were emphasized as a factor that enables SMEs to compete in the international market. To this end, SMEs need to cooperate with external partners to strengthen their technological innovation capabilities to thus improve their international performance. With the perspective view of open innovation, this research explores the effects of relational capital and technological innovation capability on international performance, with a particular focus on the moderating effect of alliance proactiveness. Building on previous literature regarding internationalization, technological innovation, and alliance proactiveness, research hypotheses were developed and tested using data collected from 175 SMEs. A hierarchical regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that, first, relational capital had a significant effect on the technological innovation capability. Second, technological innovation capability has a significant influence on the international performance. Third, technological innovation capability mediated the relationship between relational capital and international performance. Finally, alliance proactiveness was found to moderate the relationship between technological innovation capability and international performance. The key research findings imply that relational capital and alliance proactiveness are the key factors of international performance, as they improved the development of the technological innovation capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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18 pages, 747 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring the Openness of Innovation

by Nicola Bellantuono, Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo and Barbara Scozzi

Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 2205; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042205 - 18 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3317

Abstract

Measuring the openness of innovation is essential to understanding whether and under which conditions increasing openness is beneficial for organizations. However, no consensus has been so far achieved on which dimensions characterize the openness of innovation, which approach should be used to measure it, or which unit of analysis should be adopted. This paper proposes an approach, named ATOM (Aggregative Technique for Openness Measurement), to characterize and measure the openness of innovation, rooted in the concepts of knowledge supply (KS) and innovation practice (IP). As prescribed by the confirmation phase of theory building model, the approach has been successfully applied to a real innovation project. The paper contributes to clarifying the concept of innovation openness and attempts to improve its measurement by adopting a micro-level unit of analysis (i.e., single KS within an innovation project) as well as dimensions that extant literature considers relevant to managing external collaborations. The proposed approach can also support firms involved in an innovation project to (i) identify and measure the criticality of knowledge supplies, (ii) assess the openness of the adopted innovation practices, and (iii) support ex-post learning on the way the project was managed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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25 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Effect of Change Management on Organizational Innovation: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Members’ Innovative Behavior

by Wookjoon Sung and Changil Kim

Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042079 - 15 Feb 2021

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 32445

Abstract

This study is an empirical study on the impact of change management on organizational innovation through innovative behavior in the public sector. The independent variables are the four elements of change management (organizational goal, transformational leadership, participation and communication, education and training), the dependent variable is organizational innovation, and the mediating variable is the innovative behavior of members. The data used for the analysis is the Public Service Recognition Survey 2018 by KIPA (the Korea Institute of Public Administration). Hayes’ Process Macro analysis (Model 4) was performed to verify the mediating variable. As a result of the analysis, it was found that change management factors have a positive effect on innovative behavior and organizational innovation. In addition, public officials’ innovative behavior played a mediating role between change management and organizational innovation. It was confirmed that the innovative behavior of organizational members is essential to achieve organizational innovation. Among the factors of change management, participation and communication had the highest influence on innovative behavior and organizational innovation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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29 pages, 3413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Open Innovation for Sustainability or Not: Literature Reviews of Global Research Trends

by Belén Payán-Sánchez, Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña, José Antonio Plaza-Úbeda, Diego Vazquez-Brust, Natalia Yakovleva and Miguel Pérez-Valls

Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031136 - 22 Jan 2021

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7310

Abstract

The demand for innovative approaches applied to productive sectors is a reality present in the circular economy and open innovation is a relatively new concept that has revolutionized the literature about innovation management. Since the concept appeared in 2003, many articles have focused on its development and application. Although some studies have connected open innovation with sustainability, the relevance of this current on the global literature about open innovation is still unidentified. In this context, this paper tries to cover this gap with a bibliometric analysis focused on the evolution of the open innovation paradigm and the relevance of sustainability in this field of research. A sample of 3087 papers published between 2003 and 2019 in the Scopus database was obtained. The analysis revealed the main topics and the most prolific journals, authors, institutions, and countries, in terms of productivity, citations, and h-indexes. Besides of these contributions, keywords analysis reveals that, in recent years, sustainability and ecosystems are decisive variables in open innovation research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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21 pages, 2149 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Is a Sustainable Coworking Space?

by Kolja Oswald and Xiaokang Zhao

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10547; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410547 - 16 Dec 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6211

Abstract

Coworking is a trend that is becoming increasingly popular and is often associated with sustainability. However, a lack of consensus exists on what a sustainable coworking space is. This study addresses this by investigating what is currently understood by a sustainable coworking space. Q-methodology is used to analyze 27 participants’ subjective ideas about what a sustainable coworking space is, resulting in four distinct perspectives. The four perspectives are identified as follows: 1. “New Work”, 2. “Resourceful Society”, 3. “Incubator, and 4. “Environmental”. These perspectives have distinct opinions on what important sustainability aspects in the context of coworking spaces are. Whilst some prioritize environmental and community factors, others have a mixed focus. Additionally, the four perspectives share some common beliefs. All of them believe in the importance of sustainable mobility, as well as in the moderate importance of encouraging their members to be socially responsible. These findings offer insight into the different understandings of coworking space sustainability. This is important because currently this field is under-researched, and a more systematic approach to sustainability in this field is needed. This research lays the foundation to do so and helps work toward a better understanding of coworking in a sustainability and innovative context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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18 pages, 1221 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between User Innovation Activities and Market Performance: Moderated Mediating Effect of Absorptive Capacity and CEO’s Shareholding on Innovation Performance

by Eun Hwa Lee, Choo Yeon Kim and Jae Wook Yoo

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10532; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410532 - 16 Dec 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2813

Abstract

Although user innovation has been regarded as an important source of firms’ competitive advantage, the internal processes and mechanisms involved in the relationship between firms’ user innovation activities and market performance are seldom studied. By applying moderated mediation analyses, we examine (1) whether firms’ user innovation activities have a positive impact on market performance and (2) how and under what conditions user innovation activities can have a positive impact on a firm’s market performance. The findings on a sample of Korean manufacturing firms indicate that user innovation activities significantly increase firms’ innovation performance, which consequently leads to superior market performance (confirming the mediation effect of innovation performance). Additionally, we observe the positive mediation effect of innovation performance only in firms with higher levels of absorptive capacity (confirming the moderated mediation effect of absorptive capacity). Further analysis confirms that the positive interaction effects between user innovation activities and absorptive capacity on market performance through innovation performance were more pronounced for firms with higher Chief Executive Officer (CEO) shareholding levels (confirming the moderated mediation effect of CEO’s shareholding). Our findings provide theoretical and practical implications on the successful implementation of user innovation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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21 pages, 1006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Mechanisms Linking Environmental Dynamism to Innovation Performance

by Eun-Hwa Seo, Choo-Yeon Kim and Kwangsoo Kim

Sustainability 2020, 12(23), 9999; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239999 - 30 Nov 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4346

Abstract

The purpose of our study is to examine the mechanisms that link environmental dynamism to firms’ innovation performance. Although there have been extensive studies on the effect of environmental dynamism on innovation performance, they have focused primarily on its direct effect and have resulted in rather inconsistent research findings. Thus, to explain the relationship between environmental dynamism and innovation performance more clearly, we intend to investigate the mechanisms through which environmental dynamism influences innovation performance in this study. Specifically, we aim to examine the mediation effects of strategic prospecting, absorptive capacity, and combined strategic prospecting–absorptive capacity on the relationship between environmental dynamism and innovation performance. Based on data collected from 266 small and medium-sized firms in Korea, our study has found that, assuming a causal interdependence between the mediators, both strategic prospecting and combined strategic prospecting–absorptive capacity mediate the relationship between environmental dynamism and innovation performance. It has also been found, however, that absorptive capacity alone does not mediate the relationship between environmental dynamism and innovation performance, while absorptive capacity mediates the relationship when it is linked to strategic prospecting. The results of our study further reveal that no direct effect of environmental dynamism on innovation performance exists, implying that the significant effect of environmental dynamism on innovation performance demonstrated in previous studies may be spurious in nature. Based on the findings, we present conclusions, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations with future research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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14 pages, 2118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Plant Phenological Shift under Climate Change in South Korea

by Ha Kyung Lee, So Jeong Lee, Min Kyung Kim and Sang Don Lee

Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9276; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219276 - 8 Nov 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3756

Abstract

Information on the phenological shift of plants can be used to detect climate change and predict changes in the ecosystem. In this study, the changes in first flowering dates (FFDs) of the plum tree (Prunus mume), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), Korean rosebay (Rhododendron mucronulatum), cherry tree (Prunus yedoensis), and peach tree (Prunus persica) in Korea during 1920–2019 were investigated. In addition, the changes in the climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and their relationship with the FFDs were analyzed. The changes in the temperature and precipitation during the January–February–March period and the phenological shifts of all research species during 1920–2019 indicate that warm and dry spring weather advances the FFDs. Moreover, the temperature has a greater impact on this phenological shift than precipitation. Earlier flowering species are more likely to advance their FFDs than later flowering species. Hence, the temporal asynchrony among plant species will become worse with climate change. In addition, the FFDs in 2100 were predicted based on representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The difference between the predicted FFDs of the RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 for 2100 was significant; the effectiveness of greenhouse gas policies will presumably determine the degree of the plant phenological shift in the future. Furthermore, we presented the predicted FFDs for 2100. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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20 pages, 1027 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Determines Innovative Performance of International Joint Ventures? Assessing the Effects of Foreign Managerial Control

by Kyuho Jin, Chulhyung Park and Jeonghwan Lee

Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 8770; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218770 - 22 Oct 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3972

Abstract

International joint ventures (IJVs) have long been considered a vibrant venue for innovation, one source of sustainable competitive advantage. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research that seeks to understand what determines their innovative performance. We draw attention to and examine the control structure of IJVs as a determinant of innovation. Using the complementary lenses of local embeddedness, the liability of outsidership, and open innovation, we argue that foreign managerial control reduces IJV innovation and that equity ownership balance between foreign and local parent firms and affiliation of IJVs with local market business groups weaken this negative relationship. Using panel data of 48 IJVs in Korea during the periods between 2000 and 2016, we find empirical support for these arguments. This study contributes to the literature by extending our understanding of how to design IJVs for enhancing innovative output and consequently improving their sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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20 pages, 3807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Literature Trend Identification of Sustainable Technology Innovation: A Bibliometric Study Based on Co-Citation and Main Path Analysis

by Ben Zhang, Lei Ma and Zheng Liu

Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8664; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208664 - 19 Oct 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3914

Abstract

In the past 20 years, there have been increasingly more studies on sustainable technology innovation (STI), possessing a significance for sustainable development. This paper aims to provide a research landscape, since the systematic understanding of STI is still inadequate. Through bibliometric analysis, it explores the literature distribution characteristics and the literature citation network. Based on the relevant literature data in the Web of Science (WOS), the study visually analyzes the development trend, topic distribution, burst literature, and co-citation network of the research literature, and extracts the evolution path of literature citation by using the main path analysis method. Through the analysis of co-citation and main path, 13 clusters in the co-citation network are found, which are further extracted as the main path network containing 82 nodes. Furthermore, this paper summarized the bibliometric landscape and discussed the frontier STI research topics. The comprehensive framework contributes to the understanding of STI themes and identifying future research agenda. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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21 pages, 5746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm with Open Innovation Perspective: A Prediction Model of Asthmatic Occurrence

by Min-Seung Kim, Jeong-Hee Lee, Yong-Ju Jang, Chan-Ho Lee, Ji-Hye Choi and Tae-Eung Sung

Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 6143; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156143 - 30 Jul 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3290

Abstract

Due to recent advancements in industrialization, climate change and overpopulation, air pollution has become an issue of global concern and air quality is being highlighted as a social issue. Public interest and concern over respiratory health are increasing in terms of a high reliability of a healthy life or the social sustainability of human beings. Air pollution can have various adverse or deleterious effects on human health. Respiratory diseases such as asthma, the subject of this study, are especially regarded as ‘directly affected’ by air pollution. Since such pollution is derived from the combined effects of atmospheric pollutants and meteorological environmental factors, and it is not easy to estimate its influence on feasible respiratory diseases in various atmospheric environments. Previous studies have used clinical and cohort data based on relatively a small number of samples to determine how atmospheric pollutants affect diseases such as asthma. This has significant limitations in that each sample of the collections is likely to produce inconsistent results and it is difficult to attempt the experiments and studies other than by those in the medical profession. This study mainly focuses on predicting the actual asthmatic occurrence while utilizing and analyzing the data on both the atmospheric and meteorological environment officially released by the government. We used one of the advanced analytic models, often referred to as the vector autoregressive model (VAR), which traditionally has an advantage in multivariate time-series analysis to verify that each variable has a significant causal effect on the asthmatic occurrence. Next, the VAR model was applied to a deep learning algorithm to find a prediction model optimized for the prediction of asthmatic occurrence. The average error rate of the hybrid deep neural network (DNN) model was numerically verified to be about 8.17%, indicating better performance than other time-series algorithms. The proposed model can help streamline the national health and medical insurance system and health budget management in South Korea much more effectively. It can also provide efficiency in the deployment and management of the supply and demand of medical personnel in hospitals. In addition, it can contribute to the promotion of national health, enabling advance alerts of the risk of outbreaks by the atmospheric environment for chronic asthma patients. Furthermore, the theoretical methodologies, experimental results and implications of this study will be able to contribute to our current issues of global change and development in that the meteorological and environmental data-driven, deep-learning prediction model proposed hereby would put forward a macroscopic directionality which leads to sustainable public health and sustainability science. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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19 pages, 2245 KiB

Open AccessHypothesis

Innovative Resources, Promotion Focus and Responsible Innovation: The Moderating Roles of Adaptive Governance

by Xia Cao, Dan Lv and Zeyu Xing

Sustainability 2020, 12(7), 2860; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072860 - 3 Apr 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4760

Abstract

This paper discusses the relationship between innovative resources, promotion focus, adaptive governance and responsible innovation. In accordance with the path of “demand—motivation—behavior”, this paper takes adaptive governance as the moderator, and constructs an influence relationship model of “innovative resources—promotion focus (adaptive governance)—responsible innovation”. Then this paper takes 361 managers from above the middle management level and the technical personnel of enterprises as the investigation objects, and conducts empirical research by using the structural equation model. The results show that: (1) innovative resources have a significant positive impact on responsible innovation; (2) promotion focus partially mediates the effect of innovative resources on responsible innovation; (3) adaptive governance has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between innovative resources and responsible innovation. The results enrich the quantitative research of responsible innovation, reveal the internal mechanism of innovative resources affecting responsible innovation, provide a new way for technological innovation governance and provide a new way of thinking for the transformation from the traditional innovation paradigm into a sustainable innovation paradigm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation for Sustainability)

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