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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 19115

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Celene B. Milanes

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Guest Editor

GeMarc and GESSA Research Groups.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
Interests: land-use planning; coastal boundaries, coastal risk; multi-hazards, vulnerabilities, and urban risk analysis; governance and public policy issues, coastal pollution, integrated ecosystems management, urban resilience in small island and coastal cities; integrated coastal zone management; tourism and sustainable development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Allan Lavell

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Guest Editor

FLACSO, Curridabat 11801, San Jose Province, Costa Rica
Interests: research on risk and disasters; inequality; exclusion; urban population; manifestation and cause for disasters; knowledge co-production

Prof. Dr. Oscar Frausto-Martínez

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Guest Editor

Graduate Program in Sustainable Development and Geography, Chetumal,Universidad Quintana Roo, Chetumal, Mexico
Interests: spatial analysis; hazards analysis, geomorphology studies, indicators for resilience, GIS, and remote sensing management in tropical countries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current climate crisis is manifested in an accelerated increase regarding frequency and intensity of extreme events, such as hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, length sea penetration, strong winds, intense rains, earthquakes, and a pandemic caused by the presence of COVID-19, which has impacted the world. Island and continental coastal states are the most vulnerable in this context. This Special Issue, called "Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments", has, as its mission, to show the most relevant experiences and main scientific results that are currently being developed at the regional and local scale to face the environmental problems that affect these territories. Research papers that provide methodologies and specifical studies case in areas of coastal risk management, planning, adaptive resilience, citizen science, capacity building for multi-hazard management, and sustainable development, will be welcome.

This Special Issue aims to compile papers that will broaden the scope of the international project entitled "Knowledge in Action for Urban Equality" (Know https://www.urban-know.com/), as well as all the research papers submitted at the XIX Latin American Meeting of Marine Sciences COLACMAR 2022 (https://colacmar.org/) and the III Ibero-American Congress of Integrated Management of Coastal Areas (http://ibermar.org/gial2023/).

Challenges and perspectives of the integrated management of coastal zones and hydrographic river basins inside the risk management context for climatic changes in Latin America;
Growing inequalities in cities;
Coastal management to face dangers and multi-hazards scenarios;
Inequality, poverty, and risk in coastal cities;
Risks and disasters in coastal ecosystems such as sandy beaches, mangroves, coral reefs, among others;
New methodologies for improving integrated risk management to face disaster;
Governability and governance in risk management;
Policy and planning to promote urban equality.

Prof. Dr. Celene B. Milanes
Prof. Dr. Allan Lavell
Prof. Dr. Oscar Frausto-Martínez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

knowledge co-production in urban risk
multi-hazards
vulnerabilities
coastal and maritime risks
disasters
inequality
exclusion
urban population
manifestation and cause for disasters
resilient cities

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 37125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Susceptibility of Urban Flooding Using GIS with an Analytical Hierarchy Process in Hanoi, Vietnam

by Hong Ngoc Nguyen, Hiroatsu Fukuda and Minh Nguyet Nguyen

Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3934; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103934 - 8 May 2024

Viewed by 1639

Abstract

The incidence of floods is rapidly increasing globally, causing significant property damage and human losses. Moreover, Vietnam ranks as one of the top five countries most severely affected by climate change, with 1/3 of residents facing flood risks. This study presents a model to identify flood susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the GIS environment for Hanoi, Vietnam. Nine flood-conditioning factors were selected and used as initial data. The AHP analysis was utilized to determine the priority levels of these factors concerning flood susceptibility and to assess the consistency of the obtained results to develop a flood-susceptibility map. The performance of the model was found to be significant based on the AUC value for the obtained receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The flood-susceptibility map has five levels of flood susceptibility: the area with a very high susceptibility to flooding accounts for less than 1% of the map, high- susceptibility areas for nearly 11%, moderate-susceptibility areas for more than 65%, low- susceptibility areas for about 22%, and very low-susceptibility areas for 2%. Most of Hanoi has a moderate level of flood susceptibility, which is expected to increase with urban expansion due to the impacts of urbanization. Our findings will be valuable for future research involving urban planners, and disaster management authorities and will enable them to make informed decisions aimed at reducing the impact of urban flooding and enhancing the resilience of urban communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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15 pages, 1554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Socioeconomic Resilience to Pandemic Disasters in Island Tourist Destinations

by Adel Hafsi, César Daniel Aguilar-Becerra, Oscar Frausto-Martínez and Alejandra Sarhai Rivas-Tapia

Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411246 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554

Abstract

The pandemic has led to a sharp contraction in economic activity with diverse businesses shutting down or reducing their operations. The COVID-19 pandemic is recognized as a challenge in the travel and tourism services industry. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the socioeconomic resilience of the island tourist destination of Cozumel and to determine its ability to manage a pandemic by identifying its strengths and weaknesses. This study was based on the Indicators of Socioeconomic Resilience in Island Destinations (ISRID) matrix adapted to the study territory to achieve this aim. As a result, 63 out of 890 research articles were reviewed, from which 1222 indicators were collected; nevertheless, only thirty-three indicators were selected. The assessment was also structured on a matrix of double data collection before and after the pandemic to analyze the evolution of the components essential to strengthening socioeconomic resilience. In this way, this study revealed that the island of Cozumel does not have good risk management in the presence of a pandemic phenomenon. Thus, the principal axes to reinforce abilities were implementing a comprehensive plan with multidisciplinary approaches containing themes like social participation, access to information, health, economic resources, gender inequalities, marginalization, environmental impacts, and endemic resources. Finally, the matrix developed can aid decision-makers in generating corresponding actions when designing, implementing, and evaluating socioeconomic resilience capacities to cope with a pandemic disaster in island tourist destinations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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19 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of Rural Households’ Intensity of Flood Adaptation in the Fogera Rice Plain, Ethiopia: Evidence from Generalised Poisson Regression

by Kennedy Ndue, Melese Mulu Baylie and Pál Goda

Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11025; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411025 - 14 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1730

Abstract

Effective adaptation to flooding risk depends on careful identification and combinations of strategies which, in turn, depends on knowledge of the determinants of flood adaptation. The main objective of this study was to examine the determinants of rural households’ intensity of flood adaptation in the Fogera rice plain, Ethiopia. A three-stage stratified sampling technique was employed to select 337 sample household heads. Primary data was collected through a structured household survey. Data analysis was accompanied by a descriptive and generalised Poisson regression (GP) model. The descriptive analysis showed that households adopted an average of three (3) flood adaptation strategies. The generalised Poisson regression further revealed that family size, availability of off-farm income, previous flood experience, access to credit, access to extension services, and an early warning information system statistically significantly increase flood adaptation strategies’ average number (intensity). However, the age of the household head negatively and significantly influences the intensity of flood adaptation. More specifically, households with off-farm income, previous flood experience, access to credit, access to extension, and an early warning information system were 20%, 94%, 13%, 30%, and 29% more likely to adopt more flood adaptation strategies, respectively. The findings call for immediate response and coordination among stakeholders to design strategies that enhance households’ livelihood, access to credit, access to extension services, and early warning information systems for effective flood adaptation in the study area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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18 pages, 4599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index in Sarawak, Malaysia

by Ismallianto Isia, Tony Hadibarata, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya, Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan, Aissa Bouaissi, Norma Latif Fitriyani and Muhammad Syafrudin

Sustainability 2023, 15(1), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010734 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4211

Abstract

Drought analysis via the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is necessary for effective water resource management in Sarawak, Malaysia. Rainfall is the best indicator of a drought, but the temperature is also significant because it controls evaporation and condensation. This study examined drought periods in the state of Sarawak using the SPI and SPEI based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from thirty-three rainfall stations during a forty-year period (1981–2020). This analysis of drought conditions revealed that both the SPI and SPEI were able to detect drought temporal variations with distinct time scales (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Taking precipitation and evapotranspiration data into account, the SPEI was able to identify more severe-to-extreme drought in the study area over longer time periods and moderate droughts over shorter time periods than the standard drought index. According to Pearson correlation coefficients, a substantial association existed between the SPI and SPEI during hydrological dryness. Based on the results, the temperature is a decisive factor in drought classification, and the SPI should only be used in the absence of temperature data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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24 pages, 5735 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flood Susceptibility in the Lower Course of the Coyuca River, Mexico: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model

by José Vladimir Morales-Ruano, Maximino Reyes-Umaña, Francisco Rubén Sandoval-Vázquez, Hilda Janet Arellano-Wences, Justiniano González-González and Columba Rodríguez-Alviso

Sustainability 2022, 14(19), 12544; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912544 - 1 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2122

Abstract

Flooding due to climate change is recurrent and has intensified in the lower course of the Coyuca River. This paper implements a multivariate analysis, including conditioning and triggering factors to develop flood susceptibility mapping in an information-deprived region to help prevent/mitigate flooding. Flood-susceptible areas were identified using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology, specifically, with the hierarchy analysis process (AHP). Four conditioning and one triggering influence factors were analyzed. The influence weights of each variable were determined using Saaty’s methodology (AHP). Thematic maps for each variable were created and multiplied by their influence value using the raster calculator and added to their variable group to obtain the flood susceptibility map. The findings showed that the susceptibility to flooding was very high in 41.82%, high in 35.95%, medium in 21.25% and low in 0.98% of the study areas. It was revealed that 44.44% of the localities occupy areas of very high susceptibility to flooding. Susceptibility increases in the localities closest to the river. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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12 pages, 2695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disaster Risk Assessment of Informal Settlements in the Global South

by Adolfo Quesada-Román

Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610261 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3454

Abstract

More than a billion people live in informal settlements worldwide. Their high exposure and vulnerability increase the risk of disaster in their lives. Global changes challenge the capacity to seek practical and quick solutions for the most disadvantaged groups. Most people in Costa Rica reside in the Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM, or Gran Área Metropolitana in Spanish), and nearly half of the informal settlements of the country are also located there. This paper aims to determine the disaster risk of every informal settlement of the GAM in Costa Rica. The study merges the official information that is available to calculate the hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and the risk levels of every informal settlement in the GAM. Moreover, a risk index for informal settlements in the GAM was created using a Pearson correlation technique, normalizing, and spatially distributing the results in three groups (high, medium, and low). The study outputs indicate that municipalities with a greater number of informal settlements also concentrate the higher risk unit’s percentage. Moreover, a direct statistical relationship is present between the historical number of disaster events in the municipalities with more informal settlements. The urban context proves useful to apply a methodology that could determine the disaster risk level of informal settlements in less-developed countries where baseline information for hazard, exposure, and vulnerability calculation is usually scarce, limited, or low in quality. This research shows the conditions of dozens of countries belonging to the Global South and constitutes a useful example for all of the stakeholders of disaster risk reduction worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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Review

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21 pages, 1947 KiB

Open AccessReview

Identifying Factors to Develop and Validate Social Vulnerability to Floods in Malaysia: A Systematic Review Study

by Ismallianto Isia, Tony Hadibarata, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya, Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan, Norma Latif Fitriyani and Muhammad Syafrudin

Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 12729; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712729 - 23 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2392

Abstract

Flood disasters, a natural hazard throughout human history, have caused significant damage to human safety and infrastructure. This paper presents a systematic study using databases from Springer Link, Science Direct, JSTOR, and Web of Science. The study employs the PRISMA report analysis method to examine 11 flood disaster case studies between 2010 and 2022. The findings reveal that demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare crucially determine social vulnerability to adverse flood events. Notably, risk perception and coping capacity also received substantial attention in the case studies. Unfortunately, many indicators of social vulnerability fail to adequately consider the influence of these factors. The effects of factors that make communities vulnerable vary across disaster stages and countries. This emphasizes the importance of considering specific situations and locations when understanding the origins and consequences of vulnerability. The article concludes by offering recommendations to customize quantitative indicators of social vulnerability to flood contexts, covering aspects such as temporal context, measurability, and indicator relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments)

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