Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topic is a continuation of the previous successful Topic “Multi-Energy Systems”.

Industrial/commercial centers and residential consumers require different types of energy such as electrical, heat, and natural gas. Nowadays, many types of energy resources are available. Traditionally, energy is operated and planned separately, but their combination may be synergistic. Hence, penetration of multi-energy systems has been raised in the real world, e.g., co-generation combined heat and power systems. The process of combining various types of energy is also called a multi-carrier energy system, which increases energy efficiency. In addition, the rapid development of technologies has resulted in amplifying the joint operation of the multi-generation systems. This highlights the importance of focusing on multiple alternatives such as integration of renewable energy sources, effective energy conservation, energy storage, etc.

The main purpose of the proposed topic is to cover research in electrical, mechanical engineering, and thermal sciences, with a strong concentration on multi-energy analysis, integrated energy systems, multi-energy systems modeling, operation and planning of integrated energy systems, energy conversion, efficiency, renewable energy and electricity supply, including small and large demand scales. It also welcomes research on the technologies of energy storage and electric vehicles.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

• New approaches for the operation of multi-energy systems, especially investigation of economic aspects;
• Planning of multi-energy systems, including optimal determination of devices in the systems;
• Applying heuristic and mathematical models for optimal energy management of the energy systems;
• Nonlinear dynamics in multi-energy systems, as well as renewable energy systems;
• New approaches to control the energy storage of renewable energy systems;
• Investigating new operation and planning technologies for the future penetration of electric vehicles in the power grid.

Dr. Arsalan Najafi
Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Leonowicz
Dr. Michał Jasiński
Dr. Omid Homaee
Topic Editors

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	17.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Mathematics mathematics	2.3	4.0	2013	17.1 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Processes processes	2.8	5.1	2013	14.4 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Designs designs	-	3.9	2017	15.2 Days	CHF 1600	Submit

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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19 pages, 4716 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating a Solar–Biogas Hybrid Renewable Power Plant by Heating the Anaerobic Digester Using the Rejected Heat of Rankine Cycle in Idlib, Syria

by Ayman Abdul Karim Alhijazi, Ahmad Firas Alloush and Radwan A. Almasri

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 12027; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412027 - 23 Dec 2024

Abstract

This research includes modeling and studying the performance improvement of a hybrid renewable energy power plant using the modeling software Greenius in Idlib, Syria. The system consists of solar parabolic trough collectors and an anaerobic digester for generating biogas. This study included a [...] Read more.

This research includes modeling and studying the performance improvement of a hybrid renewable energy power plant using the modeling software Greenius in Idlib, Syria. The system consists of solar parabolic trough collectors and an anaerobic digester for generating biogas. This study included a practical experiment for generating biogas using five identical digesters operating at five different temperatures. The raw material was a mixture of 81% food waste and 19% human waste, and average temperatures were as follows: 49.6, 45.9, 43.5, 37.5, and 33.2 °C. Modeling operations were conducted for each case, as well as for the case corresponding to the highest growth rate of methanogenic bacteria theoretically. The modeling processes were conducted at 11 different values for the storage capacity from Full Load Hours (FLHs) 0 to 10 and by varying the solar multiple factor (SM) from 1 to 8. This study showed that when operating as a net solar plant, the lowest value for the cost of produced electricity (LCOE) was 0.1785 EUR/kWh at FLHs = 5 h and SM = 2, while the annual electricity production was 25.21 GWh. The maximum annual electricity production was 48.66 GWh, achieved at FLHs = 10 h, SM = 8, and the LCOE = 0.2896 EUR/kWh. It is possible to obtain annual electrical energy of 39.7 GWh, which was about 82% of the maximum possible annual production, at a cost of LCOE = 0.1864 EUR/kWh, which is less than 5% higher than the lowest possible cost. When operating as a hybrid plant with an annual capacity factor of 1 (full load), it is discovered that the lowest value of energy produced is in the third scenario at t_AD = 43.52 °C and t_c = 63.5 °C, with FLHs = 0 h and SM = 1, with the LCOE = 0.1283 EUR/kWh. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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20 pages, 6604 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Design of Non-Intrusive Online Monitoring System for Traction Elevators

by Zhixing Li, Jiahui Ning and Tianhao Li

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4346; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114346 - 21 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 912

Abstract

With the increase in elevator usage, more and more elevator real-time monitoring equipment is being applied to the operation of elevators. Traditional elevator monitoring equipment adopts a multi-sensor decentralized installation and layout, and the monitoring accuracy is low, which directly affects the effective [...] Read more.

With the increase in elevator usage, more and more elevator real-time monitoring equipment is being applied to the operation of elevators. Traditional elevator monitoring equipment adopts a multi-sensor decentralized installation and layout, and the monitoring accuracy is low, which directly affects the effective alarm of the monitoring system; however, existing online monitoring systems cannot quickly alarm for faults. Aiming to solve the above problems, an elevator online monitoring system based on narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is designed. The system is highly integrated with an STM32 main control chip, a six-axis acceleration gyroscope sensor, and an air pressure sensor to realize the edge calculation of the monitoring system. At the same time, this paper eliminates the temperature drift of the pressure sensor by using a temperature compensation algorithm and inputs the extracted characteristic parameters into the BP neural network for training to eliminate the zero drift so as to obtain the real-time height data of the elevator. The six-axis acceleration gyroscope sensor is used to calculate the posture so as to avoid the problem that a three-axis acceleration sensor or a three-axis gyroscope sensor alone cannot obtain accurate posture data. In order to further improve the monitoring accuracy, the peak-to-peak value of the signal is calculated by using a 95% confidence interval algorithm to reduce the suppression of the high-frequency components of the signal by noise and ensure that the signal has a large signal-to-noise ratio so that the obtained elevator car posture and vibration operation data are more accurate. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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22 pages, 5451 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Bi-Layer Planning of Integrated Energy System by Incorporating Power-to-Gas and Ground Source Heat Pump for Curtailed Wind Power and Economic Cost Reduction

by Tingling Wang, Tianyu Huo and Huihang Li

Energies 2024, 17(6), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061447 - 17 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1033

Abstract

The popularization of renewable energy is limited by wasteful problems such as curtailed wind power and high economic costs. To tackle these problems, we propose a bi-layer optimal planning model with the integration of power to gas and a ground source heat pump [...] Read more.

The popularization of renewable energy is limited by wasteful problems such as curtailed wind power and high economic costs. To tackle these problems, we propose a bi-layer optimal planning model with the integration of power to gas and a ground source heat pump for the existing integrated energy system. Firstly, the inner layer optimizes the daily dispatch of the system, with the minimum daily operation cost including the penalty cost of curtailed wind power. Then, the enumeration method of outer-layer optimization determines the device capacity of various schemes. After that, optimal planning can be achieved with the minimum daily comprehensive cost. The result of this example shows that the improved system can reduce curtailed wind power and system costs, thus improving the overall economy. Finally, the influences of algorithms and gas prices on planning optimization are studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 6546 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

System Design and Stress–Strain Analysis for Cranking and Motoring Small-Size Engines

by Giovanni Cecere, Adrian Irimescu and Simona Silvia Merola

Designs 2024, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs8010014 - 29 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1788

Abstract

The characterization of small-size engines requires dedicated rigs that are usually used for loading the power unit. Adding the possibility of motoring the engine is an important advantage that allows more detailed information on operating characteristics. It can be used for obtaining precious [...] Read more.

The characterization of small-size engines requires dedicated rigs that are usually used for loading the power unit. Adding the possibility of motoring the engine is an important advantage that allows more detailed information on operating characteristics. It can be used for obtaining precious data that contribute to the development of more accurate numerical models and subsequent validation. Cost competitiveness is another essential aspect of small-size engines, given that development efforts need to be contained as much as possible. Within this context, the present work developed and tested a setup capable of cranking and motoring a small-size 50 cc spark ignition engine. Two configurations were considered for coupling an electric motor to the power unit: the first through a pulley-belt transmission and the second via a plastic clutch assembly. The main idea was to ensure the capability of motoring the engine up to a rotational velocity of 6000 rpm. Engine load was applied through a 1 kW electric generator connected directly to the crankshaft. The overall setup was designed in the two configurations and a stress–strain analysis was performed. The belt-driven option was found to be more favorable in terms of mechanical component requirements, showing a safety factor of around 4.0, while the plastic clutch assembly involved a more complex design phase and turned out to be more demanding, with a safety factor of around 2.9. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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19 pages, 5276 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Short-Term Optimal Dispatching of Cascade Hydro–Wind–Solar–Thermal Hybrid Generation System with Pumped Storage Hydropower

by Jie Li, Linjun Shi and Hao Fu

Energies 2024, 17(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010098 - 23 Dec 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1463

Abstract

Aiming to mitigate the impact of power fluctuation caused by large-scale renewable energy integration, coupled with a high rate of wind and solar power abandonment, the multi-objective optimal dispatching of a cascade hydro–wind–solar–thermal hybrid generation system with pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is proposed [...] Read more.

Aiming to mitigate the impact of power fluctuation caused by large-scale renewable energy integration, coupled with a high rate of wind and solar power abandonment, the multi-objective optimal dispatching of a cascade hydro–wind–solar–thermal hybrid generation system with pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is proposed in this paper. Based on the proposed system, the scheduling operation strategy takes into account the complex restrictions of cascade hydropower as well as the flexibility of the PSH. According to various scenarios, the NSGA-II approach is adopted to address the optimization problem, minimizing the system’s residual load variation and operation cost. The Pareto solution sets are contrasted and evaluated, applying the TOPSIS with CRITIC weighting. Additionally, the scheduling output of thermal power, cascade hydropower, and PSH is given in terms of different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the allocation of PSH to a hybrid energy system can significantly reduce the operation cost and the fluctuation in the residual load. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 7458 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Decoupler-Based Feedback Control Strategy for Interlinking Converter in a Hybrid Microgrid

by Rekha P. Nair and Kanakasabapathy Ponnusamy

Designs 2023, 7(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040091 - 6 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1533

Abstract

In a hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids, the interlinking converter (IC) is the key element connecting the two subgrids. The performance of the interlinking converter is adversely affected by the d- and q-axis impedance interaction between the inner control loops. This [...] Read more.

In a hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids, the interlinking converter (IC) is the key element connecting the two subgrids. The performance of the interlinking converter is adversely affected by the d- and q-axis impedance interaction between the inner control loops. This interaction is highly undesirable since it adversely affects both the dynamic and the steady-state performance of the IC. Based on this, a novel feedback-based decoupling strategy is developed to overcome the cross-coupling effect in the mathematical model of the interlinking converter. This is a novel concept since the feed-forward compensation techniques are utilized to address the cross-coupling effect in prior related works, which has an inherent disadvantage of additional disturbance due to the addition of the compensating terms. In this study, a complete decoupling of the d and q axes was achieved, and the first-order transfer functions were obtained for the control loops using systematic block-reduction algebra and direct synthesis approaches. With this model, computational complexities are reduced and the inner control loops are free from impedance interaction effects, thereby achieving enhanced transient stability. Perfect decoupling of the voltage vectors is achieved by the matrix diagonalization method. Furthermore, the novelty of the proposed control is that the decoupled model is integrated with a normalization-based coordinate control strategy for effective bidirectional power transfer via the interlinking converter. Additionally, the proposed controller’s validity was tested for its performance under different transients in the MATLAB Simulink platform. The simulation results validated the proposed control strategy by showing that a faster response is ensured. A high-quality reference signal is generated due to the effective decoupling achieved. This observation was also validated by comparing the T.H.D. levels of a decoupled model’s reference power signal to one without a decoupling strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 9617 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Scheduling Research of a Wind-Solar-Hydro Hybrid System Based on a Sand-Table Deduction Model at Ultra-Short-Term Scales

by Tianyao Zhang, Weibin Huang, Shijun Chen, Yanmei Zhu, Fuxing Kang, Yerong Zhou and Guangwen Ma

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3280; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073280 - 6 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1759

Abstract

Establishing a wind-solar-hydro hybrid generation system is an effective way of ensuring the smooth passage of clean energy into the grid, and its related scheduling research is a complex and real-time optimization problem. Compared with the traditional scheduling method, this research investigates and [...] Read more.

Establishing a wind-solar-hydro hybrid generation system is an effective way of ensuring the smooth passage of clean energy into the grid, and its related scheduling research is a complex and real-time optimization problem. Compared with the traditional scheduling method, this research investigates and improves the accuracy of the scheduling model and the flexibility of the scheduling strategy. The paper innovatively introduces a sand-table deduction model and designs a real-time adaptive scheduling algorithm to evaluate the source-load matching capability of the hybrid wind-solar-hydro system at ultra-short-term scales, and verifies it through arithmetic examples. The results show that the proposed adaptive sand-table scheduling model can reflect the actual output characteristics of the hybrid wind-solar-hydro system, track the load curve, and suppress the fluctuation of wind and solar energy, with good source-load matching capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)

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