Catalysts

Editorial

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3 pages, 150 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications

by Narendra Kumar

Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100723 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 381

Abstract

The Special Issue “Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications has twelve peer-reviewed articles (Contributions 1–12), out of which there are eight research papers (Contributions 1–8) and four review papers (Contributions 9–12) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

Research

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7 pages, 1089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methanol to Aromatics on Hybrid Structure Zeolite Catalysts

by Maria V. Magomedova, Ekaterina G. Galanova, Anastasia V. Starozhitskaya, Mikhail I. Afokin, David V. Matevosyan, Sergey V. Egazaryants, Dmitry E. Tsaplin and Anton L. Maximov

Catalysts 2024, 14(7), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070461 - 18 Jul 2024

Viewed by 895

Abstract

A study on the reaction of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons using catalysts based on hybrid zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 at a temperature of 340 °C and a pressure of 10.0 MPa was carried out. It is shown that in the synthesis of [...] Read more.

A study on the reaction of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons using catalysts based on hybrid zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 at a temperature of 340 °C and a pressure of 10.0 MPa was carried out. It is shown that in the synthesis of hydrocarbons under pressure, the activity of the studied samples is similar and does not have a linear correlation with their total acidity. It was found that the catalyst’s activity is primarily determined by the rate of the initial methanol conversion reaction, which is related to the volume of micropores—more micropores lead to higher activity. Additionally, increasing the volume of mesopores results in the formation of heavier aromatic compounds, specifically C₁₀–C₁₁. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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15 pages, 2672 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of CBO (Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₃) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium

by Muhammad Saeed, Sandeep Panchal, Majed A. Bajaber, Ahlam A. Alalwiat, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Ujala Razzaq, Hafiza Zahra Rab Nawaz and Farhat Hussain

Catalysts 2024, 14(6), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392 - 19 Jun 2024

Viewed by 927

Abstract

The excessive use of pesticides has led to the harmful contamination of water reservoirs. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is one of the suitable methods for the removal of pesticides from water. Herein, the development of CBO (Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₃) [...] Read more.

The excessive use of pesticides has led to the harmful contamination of water reservoirs. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is one of the suitable methods for the removal of pesticides from water. Herein, the development of CBO (Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₃) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the visible light-assisted degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides is reported. After synthesis via coprecipitation using cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O), bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precursor materials, the prepared CBO was characterized using advanced techniques including XRD, EDS, TEM, SEM, FTIR, and surface area and pore size analysis. Then, it was employed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides under visible light irradiation. The complete removal of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides was observed over CBO photocatalyst using 50 mL (100 mg/L) of each pesticide separately within 120 min of reaction. The reaction kinetics was investigated using a non-linear method of analysis using the Solver add-in. The prepared CBO exhibited a 2.8-fold and 2-fold catalytic performance in the photodegradation of selected pesticides than Co₃O₄ and Bi₂O₃ did, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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23 pages, 7487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene in n-Heptane Stream Using CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15 Mesoporous Catalysts

by Ana Carla S. L. S. Coutinho, Joana M. F. Barros, Marcio D. S. Araujo, Jilliano B. Silva, Marcelo J. B. Souza, Regina C. O. B. Delgado, Valter J. Fernandes Jr. and Antonio S. Araujo

Catalysts 2024, 14(3), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14030198 - 18 Mar 2024

Viewed by 2251

Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysts containing cobalt and molybdenum supported on mesoporous materials types SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 were synthesized for application in the HDS reactions of thiophene in the n-heptane stream. The materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using Pluronic P123 as a template. The [...] Read more.

Heterogeneous catalysts containing cobalt and molybdenum supported on mesoporous materials types SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 were synthesized for application in the HDS reactions of thiophene in the n-heptane stream. The materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using Pluronic P123 as a template. The calcined SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 supports were submitted to co-impregnation with solutions of cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate, aiming for the production of 15% in mass of metal loading with an atomic ratio of [Co/(Co + Mo)] = 0.45. The obtained materials were dried and calcined to obtain the mesoporous catalysts in the forms of CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG/DTG, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption. From XRD analysis, it was verified that after the decomposition of the cobalt and molybdenum salts, MoO₃, Co₃O_4, and CoMoO₄ oxides were formed on the supports, being attributed to these chemical species, the activity for the HDS reactions. The catalytic activity of the obtained catalysts was evaluated in a continuously flowing tubular fixed-bed microreactor coupled on-line to a gas chromatograph, using an n-heptane stream containing 12,070 ppm of thiophene (ca. 5100 ppm of sulfur) as a model compound. The synthesized catalysts presented suitable activity for the HDS reaction, and the main obtained products were cis- and trans-2-butene, 1-butene, n-butane, and low amounts of isobutane. The presence of 1,3-butadiene and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) was not detected. A mechanism of the primary and secondary reactions and subsequent formation of the olefins and paraffins in the CoMo/SBA-15 and CoMo/AlSBA-15 mesoporous catalysts was proposed, considering steps of desulfurization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, THT decyclization, and isomerization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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17 pages, 1944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dimethyl Ether to Olefins on Hybrid Intergrowth Structure Zeolites

by Maria V. Magomedova, Anastasiya V. Starozhitskaya, Ilya A. Davidov, Dmitry E. Tsaplin and Anton L. Maximov

Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030570 - 11 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1717

Abstract

A series of catalysts based on hybrid intergrowth structure zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 are studied in the reaction of olefins synthesis from dimethyl ether at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 340 °C. The total acidity of hybrid zeolite-based catalysts is shown [...] Read more.

A series of catalysts based on hybrid intergrowth structure zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 are studied in the reaction of olefins synthesis from dimethyl ether at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 340 °C. The total acidity of hybrid zeolite-based catalysts is shown to correlate with their activity. However, the use of zeolite with the structure MFI-MCM-41, which is characterized by a high content of medium acid sites, additionally catalyzes the methanol dehydration reaction, resulting in a decrease in the observed DME conversion. The obtained product distributions are brought into correlation with the texture of catalysts. It is shown that the use of hybrid zeolites does not change the mechanism of reaction, but the structural features of zeolites influence the priority of the competing MTO reactions: high ethylene yield is observed for catalysts with high micropore volume. The topology of the hybrid zeolite has been shown to influence the hydrogen transfer reaction rate, but not to change the isomerizing activity of the catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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18 pages, 4164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalytic Distillation of Atmospheric Residue of Petroleum over HY-MCM-41 Micro-Mesoporous Materials

by Camila G. D. P. Morais, Jilliano B. Silva, Josue S. Almeida, Rafaela R. Oliveira, Marcio D. S. Araujo, Glauber J. T. Fernandes, Regina C. O. B. Delgado, Ana C. F. Coriolano, Valter J. Fernandes, Jr. and Antonio S. Araujo

Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020296 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3046

Abstract

Catalytic distillation is a technology that combines a heterogeneous catalytic reaction and the separation of reactants and products via distillation in a single reactor/distillation system. This process combines catalysis, kinetics, and mass transfer to obtain more selective products. The heterogeneous catalyst provides the [...] Read more.

Catalytic distillation is a technology that combines a heterogeneous catalytic reaction and the separation of reactants and products via distillation in a single reactor/distillation system. This process combines catalysis, kinetics, and mass transfer to obtain more selective products. The heterogeneous catalyst provides the sites for catalytic reactions and the porous surface for liquid/vapor separation. The advantages of catalytic distillation are energy savings, low waste streams, catalyst longevity, higher conversion, and product selectivity; these properties are interesting for petrochemical and petroleum industries. For this study, 100 mL of atmospheric residue of petroleum (ATR) was distilled in the presence of 1.0 g of a micro/mesoporous catalyst composed of a HY-MCM-41, and the reactor used was an OptiDist automatic distillation device, operating according to ASTM D-86 methodology. The products were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography. The samples of ATR, HY/ATR, and HY-MCM-41/ATR were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG) to determine the activation energies (Ea) relative to the thermal decomposition of the process, using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) kinetic model. The obtained results show a potential catalytic distillation system for use in the reaction of heavy petroleum fractions and product separation from the HY/MCM-41 micro/mesoporous catalyst. The TG data revealed two mass loss events for ATR in the ranges of 100–390 and 390–590 °C, corresponding to volatilization and thermal cracking, respectively. The Ea determined for the thermal degradation of the ATR without a catalyst was in the range of 83–194 kJ/mol, whereas in the presence of the HY-MCM-41 catalyst, it decreased to 61–105 kJ/mol, evidencing the catalytic effect of the micro-mesoporous material. The chromatography analysis allowed for the identification of gasoline and a major production of diesel and gasoil when the HY-MCM-41 mixture was used as the catalyst, evidencing the synergism of the combined effect of the acid sites, the crystalline phase, and the microporosity of the HY zeolite with the accessibility of the hexagonal mesoporous structure of the MCM-41 material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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23 pages, 10242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production

by Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra, Gabriela Mota, Ruth Maria B. Vidal, Jose Vitor do Carmo, Gilberto D. Saraiva, Adriana Campos, Alcineia C. Oliveira, Rossano Lang, Larissa Otubo, José Jiménez Jiménez and Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón

Catalysts 2022, 12(12), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121616 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1845

Abstract

A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al₂O₃ phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La₂ [...] Read more.

A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al₂O₃ phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La₂O₃ or ZnO promoters to form binary supported catalysts. The Ni and Co dispersion on the supports associated with their tunable acidity and morphologies resulted in highly porous supported alumina-based catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the solids were comprehensively investigated by XRD, textural properties, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and XPS analyses. The catalytic performances in the esterification of glycerol in the presence of acetic acid (EG) for the acetins production were evaluated. The highly dispersed NiO and Co₃O₄ active species on binary porous supports produced synergistic effects appearing to be the reason for the activity of the solids in the EG reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, NiCo/MgO-Al₂O₃ was found to be a robust solid with superior catalytic performance and improved stability in four reaction cycles with 65.0% of glycerol conversion with an exclusive selectivity of 53% for triacetin. The presence of Co²⁺/Co³⁺ and Ni²⁺ strongly interacting with the spinel γ-Al₂O₃ and MgAl₂O₄ phases, the latter having a large number of lattice oxygen species, was considered another active component besides those of Ni and Co in the esterification of glycerol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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13 pages, 2944 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Ni and Ce Grafted Ordered Mesoporous Silica KIT-6 for CO₂ Adsorption

by Mariana Suba, Alexandru Popa, Orsina Verdeș, Silvana Borcănescu and Paul Barvinschi

Catalysts 2022, 12(11), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12111339 - 1 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2000

Abstract

In this study, the Ni/KIT-6 and Ce/KIT-6 materials were prepared through the impregnation method and then amino-functionalized materials were obtained by the grafting of an amino-silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [...] Read more.

In this study, the Ni/KIT-6 and Ce/KIT-6 materials were prepared through the impregnation method and then amino-functionalized materials were obtained by the grafting of an amino-silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The study of CO₂ adsorption–desorption on prepared materials was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The influence of metal oxides on the performance of CO₂ adsorption on functionalized mesoporous silica was presented. The results showed that doping the molecular sieve with cerium oxide can significantly increase the adsorption capacity of the amino-functionalized KIT-6. As the CO₂ adsorbents were prepared by functionalization through grafting with APTES, the amount of amine loading is one of the important factors which improves CO₂ adsorption capacity. Additionally, CO₂ adsorption performance depends on the textural properties and the temperature used for the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ce/KIT-6 Sil is 3.66 mmol/g, which is 2.4 times higher than Ni/KIT-6 Sil. After the nine cycles of cyclic CO₂ adsorption/desorption, the Ce/KIT-6 Sil still had higher adsorption capacities, indicating their good cyclical stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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22 pages, 5210 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ordered Mesoporous nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15 Catalysts Used for Nitrate Reduction: Synthesis, Optimization and Mechanism

by Ruimin Zhang, Haixia Liu, Weili Jiang and Weijing Liu

Catalysts 2022, 12(7), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070797 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1818

Abstract

Excessive concentrations of nitrate (NO₃-N) in water lead to the deterioration of water quality, reducing biodiversity and destroying ecosystems. Therefore, the present study investigated NO₃-N removal from simulated wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent iron-supported ordered mesoporous Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites (nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15) assisted [...] Read more.

Excessive concentrations of nitrate (NO₃-N) in water lead to the deterioration of water quality, reducing biodiversity and destroying ecosystems. Therefore, the present study investigated NO₃-N removal from simulated wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent iron-supported ordered mesoporous Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites (nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15) assisted by response surface methodology (RSM), an artificial neural network combined with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and a radial basis neural network (RBF). The successful support of nZVI on Zr-Ce-SBA-15 was confirmed using XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM–EDS, N₂ adsorption and XPS, which indicated ordered mesoporous materials. The results showed that ANN-GA was better than the RSM for optimizing the conditions of NO₃-N removal and the RBF neural network further confirmed the reliability of the ANN-GA model. The removal rate of NO₃-N by the composites reached 95.71% under the optimized experimental conditions (initial pH of 4.89, contact time = of 62.27 min, initial NO₃-N concentration of 74.84 mg/L and temperature of 24.77 °C). The process of NO₃-N adsorption onto Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites was followed by the Langmuir model (maximum adsorption capacity of 45.24 mg/g), pseudo-second-order kinetics, and was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven. The yield of N₂ can be improved after nZVI was supported on Zr-Ce-SBA-15, and the composites exhibited a strong renewability in the short term within three cycles. The resolution of Fe²⁺ experiments confirmed that nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15 was simultaneously undergoing adsorption and catalysis in the process of NO₃-N removal. Our study suggests that the ordered mesoporous nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites are a promising material for simultaneously performing NO₃-N removal and improving the selectivity of N₂, which provides a theoretical reference for NO₃-N remediation from wastewater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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Review

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41 pages, 1777 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of Fine Chemical Production Using Metal-Modified and Acidic Microporous and Mesoporous Catalytic Materials

by Joseph Lantos, Narendra Kumar and Basudeb Saha

Catalysts 2024, 14(5), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14050317 - 10 May 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1697

Abstract

Fine chemicals are produced in small annual volume batch processes (often <10,000 tonnes per year), with a high associated price (usually >USD 10/kg). As a result of their usage in the production of speciality chemicals, in areas including agrochemicals, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, the [...] Read more.

Fine chemicals are produced in small annual volume batch processes (often <10,000 tonnes per year), with a high associated price (usually >USD 10/kg). As a result of their usage in the production of speciality chemicals, in areas including agrochemicals, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, the need for them will remain high for the foreseeable future. This review article assesses current methods used to produce fine chemicals with heterogeneous catalysts, including both well-established and newer experimental methods. A wide range of methods, utilising microporous and mesoporous catalysts, has been explored, including their preparation and modification before use in industry. Their potential drawbacks and benefits have been analysed, with their feasibility compared to newer, recently emerging catalysts. The field of heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemical production is a dynamic and ever-changing area of research. This deeper insight into catalytic behaviour and material properties will produce more efficient, selective, and sustainable processes in the fine chemical industry. The findings from this article will provide an excellent foundation for further exploration and a critical review in the field of fine chemical production using micro- and mesoporous heterogeneous catalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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39 pages, 10612 KiB

Open AccessReview

Porous Aerogel Structures as Promising Materials for Photocatalysis, Thermal Insulation Textiles, and Technical Applications: A Review

by Kang Hoon Lee, Zafar Arshad, Alla Dahshan, Mubark Alshareef, Qana A. Alsulami, Ayesha Bibi, Eui-Jong Lee, Muddasir Nawaz, Usman Zubair and Amjed Javid

Catalysts 2023, 13(9), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13091286 - 8 Sep 2023

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4407 | Correction

Abstract

Aerogels, due to their unique features like lightweight, ultra-low thermal conductivity, and design variations, have gotten a lot of interest in thermal insulation, photocatalysis, and protective areas. Besides their superior thermal properties, aerogel thermal insulation and photocatalyst materials also possess many inherent flaws, [...] Read more.

Aerogels, due to their unique features like lightweight, ultra-low thermal conductivity, and design variations, have gotten a lot of interest in thermal insulation, photocatalysis, and protective areas. Besides their superior thermal properties, aerogel thermal insulation and photocatalyst materials also possess many inherent flaws, such as handling issues, high manufacturing costs, and low strength as well as toughness. The most persuasive and successful ways to improve photocatalytic and thermal insulating qualities while lowering costs are composition optimization and microstructure reconstruction. Their high surface area and porosity make them ideal for enhancing the efficiency and capacity of these devices. Research may lead to more efficient and longer-lasting energy storage solutions. This review describes the characteristics, microstructural reconstruction, design variation, and properties of all aerogel fabrication techniques and provides a comprehensive overview of scientific achievements linked to them. The effectiveness of raw material compositions, properties, and mechanical parameters are also discussed. The major goal of this review is to highlight the aerogel-based materials and design variations and to explore the most potential development trends for photocatalysis and thermal applications. The industrial as well as technical applications of silica aerogels are also highlighted. This review highlights futuristic applications of aerogel-based textile materials to alleviate the CO₂ burden on our atmosphere, either by providing next-level thermal insulation or by employing them in CO₂ mitigating technologies such as CO₂ capture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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28 pages, 4647 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hierarchical Zeolite Synthesis by Alkaline Treatment: Advantages and Applications

by Daniele S. Oliveira, Rafael B. Lima, Sibele B. C. Pergher and Vinícius P. S. Caldeira

Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020316 - 1 Feb 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4260

Abstract

Zeolites are of great interest to the scientific and industrial communities due to their interesting catalytic properties, such as high specific area, shape selectivity, and thermal and hydrothermal stability. For this reason, zeolites have been intensively studied and applied in several reactions of [...] Read more.

Zeolites are of great interest to the scientific and industrial communities due to their interesting catalytic properties, such as high specific area, shape selectivity, and thermal and hydrothermal stability. For this reason, zeolites have been intensively studied and applied in several reactions of great industrial interest. However, the size of zeolite micropores may hinder the diffusion of bulky molecules in the pore system, limiting the use of zeolites in some reactions/applications that use bulky molecules. One way to address this limitation is to generate secondary porosity (in the range of supermicropores, mesopores and/or macropores) in such a way that it connects with the existing micropores, creating a hierarchical pore system. There are different hierarchical approaches; however, most are not economically viable and are complicated/time-consuming. Alkaline treatment has been highlighted in recent years due to its excellent results, simplicity, speed and low cost. In this review, we highlight the importance of alkaline treatment in the generation of secondary porosity and the parameters that influence alkaline treatment in different zeolitic structures. The properties and catalytic performance of hierarchical zeolites prepared by alkaline treatment are extensively discussed. It is expected that this approach will be useful for understanding how alkaline treatment acts on different hierarchical structures and will thus open doors to achieve other hierarchical zeolites by this method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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23 pages, 1534 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Textile Wastewater: Application and Mechanism

by Magdalena Bilińska, Lucyna Bilińska and Marta Gmurek

Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010006 - 21 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3320

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of textile wastewater treatment by catalytic ozonation, highlighting the parameters of the process and accompanying mechanisms. Since more than 800,000 tons of dyes are produced annually and thousands of cubic meters of highly polluted textile wastewater have been [...] Read more.

This paper presents an overview of textile wastewater treatment by catalytic ozonation, highlighting the parameters of the process and accompanying mechanisms. Since more than 800,000 tons of dyes are produced annually and thousands of cubic meters of highly polluted textile wastewater have been emitted into the environment every day, this issue has become an environmental concern. Due to the high oxidative potential of ozone (2.08 V) and hydroxyl radical (2.80 V), the main reactive species in catalytic ozonation, the burdensome organic pollutants, including textile dyes, can be successfully decomposed. The paper shows the main groups of catalysts, emphasizing novel structural, nano-structured, and functionalized materials. The examples of catalytic ozonation in the industrial application for real textile wastewater were specially highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)

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