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Electrical Machine Design
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Electrical Machine Design

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2019) | Viewed by 31136

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Johan Gyselinck

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Guest Editor
Electro And Mechanical Systems Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
Interests: electrical machines and drives; numerical low-frequency magnetics
Prof. Dr. Luigi Alberti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
Interests: vehicle electrification; sustainable transportation; green energy conversion; variable speed electric drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yves Mollet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electro And Mechanical Systems Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Interests: electrical machines and drives; fault-detection; noise and vibrations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical machine design remains to date one of the most challenging disciplines in electrical engineering. The electrification of road vehicles, but also of aircraft, the reduction of global energy consumption and the development of various sustainable energy sources represent important topics in which the continuous development of novel machines plays, and will keep on playing, an important role. Besides sustainable development, novel machine designs are also essential for other advanced technologies, i.e. robotics, space and nanotechnology applications among others.

When designing a new machine, different objectives can be pursued: high efficiency and compactness, low manufacturing or maintenance costs, high reliability, robustness and fault tolerance, high speed or torque capabilities, operation in severe environments, etc. To take up challenges of designing new machines, innovative materials, optimized control techniques as well as fast and accurate design tools also need to be developed and integrated in the optimization process. Furthermore, besides electrical aspects, vibrations, heat transfer and acoustic noise need to be taken into account at the design stage in order to ensure optimal working conditions at both the component and system level. This shows the importance of modelling and testing the newly designed machines independently, but also in their working environment.

This special issue focuses on innovations in the context of electrical machine design.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • New machine types and topologies
  • Materials, iron losses
  • Multiphysics
  • New numerical and analytical modeling techniques
  • Optimisation techniques
  • Model-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop testing techniques
  • Control oriented design
  • Nanomachines

Prof. Dr. Johan Gyselinck
Prof. Dr. Luigi Alberti
Dr. Yves Mollet
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • machine design 
  • optimization techniques 
  • model-in-the-loop, hardware-in-the-loop 
  • analytical modelling 
  • numerical modelling 
  • optimized control techniques

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4088 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Stator Winding Turns on the Steady-State Performances of Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
by Hongbo Qiu, Yong Zhang, Kaiqiang Hu, Cunxiang Yang and Ran Yi
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2363; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122363 - 19 Jun 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3848
Abstract
The variation of stator winding turns will directly affect the key parameters of a motor, such as winding resistance and winding reactance, which further affect the steady-state performance of the motor. In order to get excellent steady-state performance from line-start permanent magnet synchronous [...] Read more.
The variation of stator winding turns will directly affect the key parameters of a motor, such as winding resistance and winding reactance, which further affect the steady-state performance of the motor. In order to get excellent steady-state performance from line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) under different load powers, taking an 11 kW LSPMSM as an example, the finite element method (FEM), combined with the steady-state phasor diagram and torque angle characteristic, are used in this paper for the optimal design of the stator winding turns of the prototype. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing the experimental data with the calculated data. First, the influences of different stator winding turns on the no-load, back-induced electromotive force (EMF), as well as on inductance and overload ability are studied, and the variation mechanism is obtained. In addition, from the perspective of the torque angle characteristic, the influence of the change in synchronous inductance caused by the number of turns on the steady-state power angle is studied. Second, the variation of the current and power factors with turn number is obtained by studying the steady-state power angle and end voltage. Based on the coupling relationship between the no-load back EMF and the power angle, the mechanism of non-linear variation of current and power factor is revealed. Finally, the variation of the number of turns on the core loss and eddy current loss is analyzed under various operating conditions, and the variation mechanism is revealed, based on the armature reaction theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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16 pages, 10648 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Single-Phase Electrical Machine for Military Applications
by Aswin Uvaraj Ganesan, Sathyanarayanan Nandhagopal, Arvind Shiyam Venkat, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, John K. Pedersen, Lenin Natesan Chokkalingam and Zbigniew Leonowicz
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2285; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122285 - 14 Jun 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2474
Abstract
A permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMA-SynRG) and an induction generator (IG) were compared for portable generator applications. PMA-SynRG with two rotor configurations, namely rotors with ferrite magnet and NdFeB, were designed. Furthermore, a design strategy for both PMA-SynRG and IG is [...] Read more.
A permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMA-SynRG) and an induction generator (IG) were compared for portable generator applications. PMA-SynRG with two rotor configurations, namely rotors with ferrite magnet and NdFeB, were designed. Furthermore, a design strategy for both PMA-SynRG and IG is presented with their geometrical dimensions. The machine was designed and results were analyzed using finite element analysis. Results such as flux density, open circuit and full load voltages, torque in generating mode, weight comparison and detailed cost analysis were investigated. In addition, thermal analysis for various ambient conditions (−40 °C, +30 °C, +65 °C) was evaluated for both PMA-SynRG and IG. Furthermore, acoustic versus frequency plot and acoustic pressure level were investigated for both the generators. Finally, the results confirmed that the machine with a higher power-to-weight ratio was the right choice for military applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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13 pages, 9605 KiB  
Article
Design, Analysis and Test of a Hyperbolic Magnetic Field Voice Coil Actuator for Magnetic Levitation Fine Positioning Stage
by Yiheng Zhou, Baoquan Kou, He Zhang, Lu Zhang and Likun Wang
Energies 2019, 12(10), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101830 - 14 May 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2801
Abstract
The multi-degree-of-freedom high-precision positioning system (MHPS) is one of the key technologies in many advanced industrial applications. In this paper, a novel hyperbolic magnetic field voice coil actuator using a rhombus magnet array (HMF-VCA) for MHPS is proposed. Benefiting from the especially designed [...] Read more.
The multi-degree-of-freedom high-precision positioning system (MHPS) is one of the key technologies in many advanced industrial applications. In this paper, a novel hyperbolic magnetic field voice coil actuator using a rhombus magnet array (HMF-VCA) for MHPS is proposed. Benefiting from the especially designed rhombus magnet array, the proposed HMF-VCA has the advantage of excellent force uniformity, which makes it suitable for multi-degree-of-freedom high-precision positioning applications. First, the basic structure and operation principles of the HMF-VCA are presented. Second, the six-degree-of-freedom force and torque characteristic of the HMF-VCA is studied by three-dimensional finite element analysis (3-D FEA). Third, the influence of structural parameters on force density and force uniformity is investigated, which is conducive to the design and optimization of the HMF-VCA. Finally, a prototype is constructed, and the comparison between the HMF-VCA and conventional VCAs proves the advantage of the proposed topology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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13 pages, 6073 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Dual-Permanent-Magnet-Excited Machines and Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines in Terms of Force
by Minh-Trung Duong, Do-Hyun Kang, Yon-Do Chun, Byung-Chul Woo, Yoon-Sun Lee and Hwang Wook
Energies 2019, 12(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020216 - 10 Jan 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
In this paper, finite element analysis demonstrates the difference between dual-permanent-magnet-excited machines (DPMM) and surface-mounted permanent magnet machines (SPM) in terms of tangential force at the same air gap, diameter, stacking length, and input current. Different from most conventional machines, a novel DPMM [...] Read more.
In this paper, finite element analysis demonstrates the difference between dual-permanent-magnet-excited machines (DPMM) and surface-mounted permanent magnet machines (SPM) in terms of tangential force at the same air gap, diameter, stacking length, and input current. Different from most conventional machines, a novel DPMM has two sets of permanent magnets employed on both stator and rotor. To make a fair comparison, the novel DPMM, based on an original design, is specified to have the same dimensions as a conventional SPM. With the aid of 2D finite element analysis, tangential force generated from the novel DPMM is 167.65% higher than the conventional SPM. To verify the validity of the analyses, a prototype was fabricated and tested. Experiments showed that average deviation was only approximately 1.85%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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12 pages, 3937 KiB  
Article
Design of a High-Performance 16-Slot 8-Pole Electromagnetic Shock Absorber Using a Novel Permanent Magnet Structure
by Minh-Trung Duong, Yon-Do Chun and Do-Kwan Hong
Energies 2018, 11(12), 3352; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123352 - 30 Nov 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3568
Abstract
The conventional development of tubular generators for applications intended to harvest energy using vehicle suspension systems is faced with the critical challenge of increasing the power harvested for a given space. Conventional optimal designs of machine dimensions have improved both output power and [...] Read more.
The conventional development of tubular generators for applications intended to harvest energy using vehicle suspension systems is faced with the critical challenge of increasing the power harvested for a given space. Conventional optimal designs of machine dimensions have improved both output power and output power density, but the actual values are still relatively small. Recently, we proposed a novel tubular generator structure that combines a mechanical shock absorber and an electrical generator. An innovative permanent magnet structure using both Halbach array and iron spacers (a hybrid-type) was applied. The high relative permeability of the iron material significantly improved the performance of the proposed generator in comparison with conventional models. A prototype was fabricated and experimentally validated via simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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10 pages, 5555 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Tubular Permanent Magnet Machine Performance Using Dual-Segment Halbach Array
by Minh-Trung Duong, Yon-Do Chun and Deok-Je Bang
Energies 2018, 11(11), 3132; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113132 - 13 Nov 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3647
Abstract
In this paper, a modification of the dual-segment permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array is investigated to improve the performance of the tubular linear machine, in terms of flux density and output power. Instead of a classical Halbach array with only radial and axial [...] Read more.
In this paper, a modification of the dual-segment permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array is investigated to improve the performance of the tubular linear machine, in terms of flux density and output power. Instead of a classical Halbach array with only radial and axial PMs, the proposed model involves the insertion of mig-magnets, which have a magnetized angle shifted from the reference magnetized angles of axial and radial PMs. This structure leads to the elimination of flux leakage and the concentration of flux linkage in middle of the coil; therefore, the output power is increased by 13.2%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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21 pages, 9339 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Capabilities of Double Sided Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machines
by Noman Ullah, Abdul Basit, Faisal Khan, Wasiq Ullah, Mohsin Shahzad and Atif Zahid
Energies 2018, 11(10), 2781; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102781 - 16 Oct 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2525
Abstract
Double sided linear flux switching permanent magnet machines (DSLFSPMMs) exhibit high thrust force density, high efficiency, low cost and robust double salient secondary (stator) structures. The aforementioned unique features make DSLFSPMM suitable for long stroke applications. However, distorted flux linkage waveforms and high [...] Read more.
Double sided linear flux switching permanent magnet machines (DSLFSPMMs) exhibit high thrust force density, high efficiency, low cost and robust double salient secondary (stator) structures. The aforementioned unique features make DSLFSPMM suitable for long stroke applications. However, distorted flux linkage waveforms and high detent forces can exaggerate thrust force ripples and reduce their applicability in many areas. In order to enhance thrust force performance, reduce thrust force ripple ratio and total harmonic distortion (THD) of no-load flux linkages, two structure-based advancements are introduced in this work, i.e., asynchronous mover slot and stator tooth displacement technique (AMSSTDT) and the addition of an active permanent magnet end slot (APMES). Furthermore, single variable geometric optimization (SVGO) is carried out by the finite element method (FEM). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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17 pages, 10088 KiB  
Article
A Wireless-Driven, Micro, Axial-Flux, Single-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor
by Da-Chen Pang and Chih-Ting Wang
Energies 2018, 11(10), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102772 - 16 Oct 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3537
Abstract
This study proposes a novel, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor for micro machines with wireless-driven capability. The rotor and stator each have two poles, and the stator utilizes two permanent magnets to provide the required parking position and rotational torque. By reducing the [...] Read more.
This study proposes a novel, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor for micro machines with wireless-driven capability. The rotor and stator each have two poles, and the stator utilizes two permanent magnets to provide the required parking position and rotational torque. By reducing the number of magnetic poles and coils in the stator, and by utilizing a cylindrical design for its stator components, the micro motor is able to be easily manufactured and assembled. Safety and convenience are also achieved through the use of a wireless drive, which negates the need for power connections or batteries. This study utilizes the topology method in rotor design to reduce excessive torque ripple. For this study, an actual micro, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor with a diameter of 5.5 mm and length of 4.4 mm was built in combination with a wireless charging module and motor circuitry found on the market. With an induced current of 0.7 A, the motor achieved a maximum of 900 rpm, indicating possible applications with respect to toys, micro-pumps, dosing pumps, and vessels for gases, liquids, or vacuum that do not require feedthrough. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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25 pages, 5278 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Simulations of Adaptive Design Approaches to Control the Speed of an Induction Machine Considering Parameter Uncertainties and External Perturbations
by Kamran Zeb, Waqar U. Din, Muhammad Adil Khan, Ayesha Khan, Umair Younas, Tiago Davi Curi Busarello and Hee Je Kim
Energies 2018, 11(9), 2339; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092339 - 05 Sep 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4931
Abstract
Recently, the Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) scheme for Induction Motors (IM) has gained wide acceptance in high performance applications. The IFOC has remarkable characteristics of decoupling torque and flux along with an easy hardware implementation. However, the detuning limits the performance of [...] Read more.
Recently, the Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) scheme for Induction Motors (IM) has gained wide acceptance in high performance applications. The IFOC has remarkable characteristics of decoupling torque and flux along with an easy hardware implementation. However, the detuning limits the performance of drives due to uncertainties of parameters. Conventionally, the use of a Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller has been very frequent in variable speed drive applications. However, it does not allow for the operation of an IM in a wide range of speeds. In order to tackle these problems, optimal, robust, and adaptive control algorithms are mostly in use. The work presented in this paper is based on new optimal, robust, and adaptive control strategies, including an Adaptive Proportional Integral (PI) controller, sliding mode control, Fuzzy Logic (FL) control based on Steepest Descent (SD), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms, and Hybrid Control (HC) or adaptive sliding mode controller to overcome the deficiency of conventional control strategies. The main theme is to design a robust control scheme having faster dynamic response, reliable operation for parameter uncertainties and speed variation, and maximized torque and efficiency of the IM. The test bench of the IM control has three main parts: IM model, Inverter Model, and control structure. The IM is modelled in synchronous frame using d q modelling while the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique is used for modulation of the inverter. Our proposed controllers are critically analyzed and compared with the PI controller considering different conditions: parameter uncertainties, speed variation, load disturbances, and under electrical faults. In addition, the results validate the effectiveness of the designed controllers and are then related to former works. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Machine Design)
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