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Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media
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Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J1: Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 18772

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Moghtada Mobedi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 432-8561, Japan
Interests: thermal energy storage; heat and fluid flow in porous media; enhancement of heat transfer and computational heat transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kamel Hooman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Process and Energy (P&E), Technische Universiteit Delft, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: melting; microchannel; carbon dioxide; acids; periodic structures; parameter design; phase change materials; cooling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat, fluid, and mass transfer in porous media has been one of the hottest topics in recent years. There are plenty of natural and artificial porous media whose structures and thermophysical properties are completely different. Heat and fluid flow in each porous medium has its own character, and this forces researchers to do endless investigations on porous media and develop new and innovative methods for experimental and theoretical researches.

The aim of this Special Issue on “Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media” is to collect recent studies and provide a valuable source of information for researchers in this field. This Special Issue covers original and innovative research and studies. Research on heat transfer enhancement by porous media, phase change in porous media, volume average and pore scale studies of heat and fluid flow in porous media, determination of thermophysical properties, reaction and adsorption in porous media, and nanofluids in porous media is welcomed. The aim of the editors is to provide not only peer review of the submitted paper but also give useful comments to the authors for their future studies. Editors invite you to submit your interesting and original studies to this Special Issue, and we look forward to receiving your valuable papers.

Assoc. Prof. Moghtada Mobedi
Prof. Dr. Kamel Hooman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heat and fluid flow in porous media
  • Mass transfer in porous media
  • Heat transfer enhancement by porous media
  • Adsorption and its applications
  • Phase change in porous media
  • Thermophysical properties of porous media
  • Heat transfer in metal foams and 3D lattice metal frames
  • Heat and mass transport in packed bed reactors
  • Drying in porous materials

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 10294 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study for Enhancement of Heat Transfer Using Discrete Metal Foam with Varying Thickness and Porosity in Solar Air Heater by LTNE Method
by Rawal Diganjit, N. Gnanasekaran and Moghtada Mobedi
Energies 2022, 15(23), 8952; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238952 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1367
Abstract
A two-dimensional rectangular domain is considered with a discrete arrangement at equal distances from copper metal foam in a solar air heater (SAH). The local thermal non-equilibrium model is used for the analysis of heat transfer in a single-pass rectangular channel of SAH [...] Read more.
A two-dimensional rectangular domain is considered with a discrete arrangement at equal distances from copper metal foam in a solar air heater (SAH). The local thermal non-equilibrium model is used for the analysis of heat transfer in a single-pass rectangular channel of SAH for different mass flow rates ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 kg/s at 850 W/m2 heat flux. Three different pores per inch (PPI) and porosities of copper metal foam with three different discrete thicknesses at equal distances are studied numerically. This paper evaluates the performance of SAH with 10 PPI 0.8769 porosity, 20 PPI 0.8567 porosity, and 30 PPI 0.92 porosity at 22 mm, 44 mm, and 88 mm thicknesses. The Nusselt number for 22 mm, 44 mm, and 88 mm thicknesses is 157.64%, 183.31%, and 218.60%, respectively, higher than the empty channel. The performance factor for 22 mm thick metal foam is 5.02% and 16.61% higher than for 44 mm and 88 mm thick metal foam, respectively. Hence, it is found that metal foam can be an excellent option for heat transfer enhancement in SAH, if it is designed properly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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16 pages, 1331 KiB  
Article
Heat and Mass Transfer in Structural Ceramic Blocks: An Analytical and Phenomenological Approach
by Stephane K. B. M. Silva, Carlos J. Araújo, João M. P. Q. Delgado, Ricardo S. Gomez, Hortência L. F. Magalhães, Maria J. Figueredo, Juliana A. Figueirôa, Mirenia K. T. Brito, José N. O. Neto, Adriana B. C. Pereira, Leonardo P. L. Silva and Antonio G. B. Lima
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7150; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197150 - 28 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1064
Abstract
The ceramic industry is one of the pillars of the Brazilian economy, characterized by making low-cost products and an obsolete manufacturing process from a technological point of view. Among the various stages of production of ceramic materials, drying is one of the most [...] Read more.
The ceramic industry is one of the pillars of the Brazilian economy, characterized by making low-cost products and an obsolete manufacturing process from a technological point of view. Among the various stages of production of ceramic materials, drying is one of the most energy-consuming and, in general, causes structural damage to the product, compromising its mechanical performance and final quality. Despite the relevance, studies on the drying of ceramic materials are mostly conducted at the experimental level and limited to some specific operational conditions. In this scenario, this research aims to theoretically study the heat and mass transfers in industrial ceramic blocks during drying. Based on the lumped analysis method, and considering the dimensional variations of the material, new phenomenological mathematical models and their respective analytical solutions are proposed to describe the kinetics of mass loss and heating of the material. The predicted results referring to the thermal and gravimetric behavior of the block during the oven drying process under different conditions are compared with the experimental data, obtaining excellent agreement between the results. Furthermore, the transport coefficients were estimated, proving the dependence of these parameters on the drying air conditions. The convective mass transfer coefficient ranged from 6.69 × 10–7 to 15.97 × 10–7 m/s on the outer surface of the block and from 0.70 × 10–7 to 1.03 × 10–7 m/s on the inner surface of the material when the drying air temperature ranged from 50 to 100 °C. The convective heat transfer coefficient ranged from 4.79 to 2.04 W/(m2.°C) on the outer surface of the block and from 1.00 to 0.94 W/(m2.°C) on the inner surface of the material when air temperature ranged from 50 to 100 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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25 pages, 111310 KiB  
Article
Correlations and Numerical Modeling of Stacked Woven Wire-Mesh Porous Media for Heat Exchange Applications
by Trilok G, Kurma Eshwar Sai Srinivas, Devika Harikrishnan, Gnanasekaran N and Moghtada Mobedi
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2371; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072371 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2862
Abstract
Metal foams have gained attention due to their heat transfer augmenting capabilities. In the literature, correlations describing relations among their morphological characteristics have successfully been established and well discussed. However, collective expressions that categorize stacked wire mesh based on their morphology and thermo-hydraulic [...] Read more.
Metal foams have gained attention due to their heat transfer augmenting capabilities. In the literature, correlations describing relations among their morphological characteristics have successfully been established and well discussed. However, collective expressions that categorize stacked wire mesh based on their morphology and thermo-hydraulic expressions required for numerical modeling are less explored in the literature. In the present study, cross relations among the morphological characteristics of stacked wire-mesh were arrived at based on mesh-size, wire diameter and stacking type, which are essential for describing the medium and determining key input parameters required for numerical modeling. Furthermore, correlation for specific surface area, a vital parameter that plays a major role in interstitial heat transfer, is provided. With the arrived correlations, properties of stacked wire-mesh samples of orderly varied mesh-size and porosity are obtained for various stacking scenarios, and corresponding thermo-hydraulic parameters appearing in the governing equations are evaluated. A vertical channel housing the categorized wire-mesh porous media is numerically modeled to analyze thermal and flow characteristics of such a medium. The proposed correlations can be used in confidence to evaluate thermo-hydraulic parameters appearing in governing equations in order to numerically model various samples of stacked wire-mesh types of porous media in a variety of heat transfer applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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13 pages, 3139 KiB  
Article
Thermal Cloaking in Nanoscale Porous Silicon Structure by Molecular Dynamics
by Jian Zhang, Haochun Zhang, Yiyi Li, Qi Wang and Wenbo Sun
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1827; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051827 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Nanoscale thermal cloaks have great potential in the thermal protection of microelectronic devices, for example, thermal shielding of thermal components close to the heat source. Researchers have used graphene, crystalline silicon film, and silicon carbide to design a variety of thermal cloaks in [...] Read more.
Nanoscale thermal cloaks have great potential in the thermal protection of microelectronic devices, for example, thermal shielding of thermal components close to the heat source. Researchers have used graphene, crystalline silicon film, and silicon carbide to design a variety of thermal cloaks in different ways. In our previous research, we found that the porous structure has lower thermal conductivity compared to bulk silicon; thus, so we tried to use the porous structure to construct the functional region to control the heat flux. We first calculated the thermal conductivity of crystalline silicon and porous silicon films by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, proving that the porous structure satisfied the conditions for building a thermal cloak. A rectangular cloak with a porous structure was constructed, and a crystalline silicon film was used as a reference to evaluate its performance by the index of the ratio of thermal cloaking. We found that the thermal cloak built with a porous structure could produce an excellent cloaking effect. Lastly, we explain the mechanism of the cloaking phenomenon produced by a porous structure with the help of phonon localization theory. Porous structures have increased porosity compared to bulk silicon and are not conducive to phonon transport, thus producing strong phonon localization and reducing thermal conductivity. Our research expands the construction methods of nanocloaks, expands the application of porous structure materials, and provides a reference for the design of other nanodevices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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10 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Potential of Unidirectional Porous Tubes for Gas Cooling under High Heat Flux Conditions
by Kazuhisa Yuki, Risako Kibushi, Ryohei Kubota, Noriyuki Unno, Shigeru Tanaka and Kazuyuki Hokamoto
Energies 2022, 15(3), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031042 - 30 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2023
Abstract
To discuss a suitable porous structure for helium gas cooling under high heat flux conditions of a nuclear fusion divertor, we first evaluate effective thermal conductivity of sintered copper-particles in a simple cubic lattice by direct numerical heat-conduction simulation. The simulation reveals that [...] Read more.
To discuss a suitable porous structure for helium gas cooling under high heat flux conditions of a nuclear fusion divertor, we first evaluate effective thermal conductivity of sintered copper-particles in a simple cubic lattice by direct numerical heat-conduction simulation. The simulation reveals that the effective thermal conductivity of the sintered copper-particle highly depends on the contacting state of each particle, which leads to the difficulty for the thermal design. To cope with this difficulty, we newly propose utilization of a unidirectional porous tube formed by explosive compression technology. Quantitative prediction of its cooling potential using the heat transfer correlation equation demonstrates that the heat transfer coefficient of the helium gas cooling at the pressure of 10 MPa exceeds 30,000 W/m2/K at the inlet flow velocity of 25 m/s, which verifies that the unidirectional porous copper tubes can be a candidate for the gas-cooled divertor concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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23 pages, 62046 KiB  
Article
Various Trade-Off Scenarios in Thermo-Hydrodynamic Performance of Metal Foams Due to Variations in Their Thickness and Structural Conditions
by Trilok G, N Gnanasekaran and Moghtada Mobedi
Energies 2021, 14(24), 8343; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248343 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1801
Abstract
The long standing issue of increased heat transfer, always accompanied by increased pressure drop using metal foams, is addressed in the present work. Heat transfer and pressure drop, both of various magnitudes, can be observed in respect to various flow and heat transfer [...] Read more.
The long standing issue of increased heat transfer, always accompanied by increased pressure drop using metal foams, is addressed in the present work. Heat transfer and pressure drop, both of various magnitudes, can be observed in respect to various flow and heat transfer influencing aspects of considered metal foams. In this regard, for the first time, orderly varying pore density (characterized by visible pores per inch, i.e., PPI) and porosity (characterized by ratio of void volume to total volume) along with varied thickness are considered to comprehensively analyze variation in the trade-off scenario between flow resistance minimization and heat transfer augmentation behavior of metal foams with the help of numerical simulations and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) which is a multi-criteria decision-making tool to address the considered multi-objective problem. A numerical domain of vertical channel is modelled with zone of metal foam porous media at the channel center by invoking LTNE and Darcy–Forchheimer models. Metal foams of four thickness ratios are considered (1, 0.75, 0.5 and 0.25), along with varied pore density (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 PPI), each at various porosity conditions of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9 and 0.95 porosity. Numerically obtained pressure and temperature field data are critically analyzed for various trade-off scenarios exhibited under the abovementioned variable conditions. A type of metal foam based on its morphological (pore density and porosity) and configurational (thickness) aspects, which can participate in a desired trade-off scenario between flow resistance and heat transfer, is illustrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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18 pages, 2878 KiB  
Article
Equivalent Parallel Strands Modeling of Highly-Porous Media for Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer: Application to Metal Foam
by Nihad Dukhan
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6308; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196308 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
A new geometric modeling of isotropic highly-porous cellular media, e.g., open-cell metal, ceramic, and graphite foams, is developed. The modelling is valid strictly for macroscopically two-dimensional heat transfer due to the fluid flow in highly-porous media. Unlike the current geometrical modelling of such [...] Read more.
A new geometric modeling of isotropic highly-porous cellular media, e.g., open-cell metal, ceramic, and graphite foams, is developed. The modelling is valid strictly for macroscopically two-dimensional heat transfer due to the fluid flow in highly-porous media. Unlike the current geometrical modelling of such media, the current model employs simple geometry, and is derived from equivalency conditions that are imposed on the model’s geometry a priori, in order to ensure that the model produces the same pressure drop and heat transfer as the porous medium it represents. The model embodies the internal structure of the highly-porous media, e.g., metal foam, using equivalent parallel strands (EPS), which are rods arranged in a spatially periodic two-dimensional pattern. The dimensions of these strands and their arrangement are derived from equivalency conditions, ensuring that the porosity and the surface area density of the model and of the foam are indeed equal. In order to obtain the pressure drop and heat transfer results, the governing equations are solved on the geometrically-simple EPS model, instead of the complex structure of the foam. By virtue of the simple geometry of parallel strands, huge savings on computational time and cost are realized. The application of the modeling approach to metal foam is provided. It shows how an EPS model is obtained from an actual metal foam with known morphology. Predictions of the model are compared to experimental data on metal foam from the literature. The predicted local temperatures of the model are found to be in very good agreement with their experimental counterparts, with a maximum error of less than 11%. The pressure drop in the model follows the Forchheimer equation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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25 pages, 2830 KiB  
Article
Drying and Heating Processes in Arbitrarily Shaped Clay Materials Using Lumped Phenomenological Modeling
by Elisiane S. Lima, João M. P. Q. Delgado, Ana S. Guimarães, Wanderson M. P. B. Lima, Ivonete B. Santos, Josivanda P. Gomes, Rosilda S. Santos, Anderson F. Vilela, Arianne D. Viana, Genival S. Almeida, Antonio G. B. Lima and João E. F. Franco
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4294; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144294 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1601
Abstract
This work aims to study the drying of clay ceramic materials with arbitrary shapes theoretically. Advanced phenomenological mathematical models based on lumped analysis and their exact solutions are presented to predict the heat and mass transfers in the porous material and estimate the [...] Read more.
This work aims to study the drying of clay ceramic materials with arbitrary shapes theoretically. Advanced phenomenological mathematical models based on lumped analysis and their exact solutions are presented to predict the heat and mass transfers in the porous material and estimate the transport coefficients. Application has been made in hollow ceramic bricks. Different simulations were carried out to evaluate the effect of drying air conditions (relative humidity and speed) under conditions of forced and natural convection. The transient results of the moisture content and temperature of the brick, and the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients are presented, discussed and compared with experimental data, obtaining a good agreement. It was found that the lower the relative humidity is and the higher the speed of the drying air is, the higher the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients are at the surface of the brick and in the holes, and the faster the moisture removal material and heating is. Based on the predicted results, the best conditions for brick drying were given. The idea is to increase the quality of the brick after the process, to reduce the waste of raw material and energy consumption in the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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22 pages, 5379 KiB  
Article
Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics-Based Convective Drying Model Applied to Oblate Spheroidal Porous Bodies: A Finite-Volume Analysis
by João C. S. Melo, João M. P. Q. Delgado, Wilton P. Silva, Antonio Gilson B. Lima, Ricardo S. Gomez, Josivanda P. Gomes, Rossana M. F. Figueirêdo, Alexandre J. M. Queiroz, Ivonete B. Santos, Maria C. N. Machado, Wanderson M. P. B. Lima and João E. F. Carmo
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3405; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123405 - 09 Jun 2021
Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Commonly based on the liquid diffusion theory, drying theoretical studies in porous materials has been directed to plate, cylinder, and sphere, and few works are applied to non-conventional geometries. In this sense, this work aims to study, theoretically, the drying of solids with [...] Read more.
Commonly based on the liquid diffusion theory, drying theoretical studies in porous materials has been directed to plate, cylinder, and sphere, and few works are applied to non-conventional geometries. In this sense, this work aims to study, theoretically, the drying of solids with oblate spheroidal geometry based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Mathematical modeling is proposed to describe, simultaneously, the heat and mass transfer (liquid and vapor) during the drying process, considering the variability of the transport coefficients and the convective boundary conditions on the solid surface, with particular reference to convective drying of lentil grains at low temperature and moderate air relative humidity. All the governing equations were written in the oblate spheroidal coordinates system and solved numerically using the finite-volume technique and the iterative Gauss–Seidel method. Numerical results of moisture content, temperature, liquid, vapor, and heat fluxes during the drying process were obtained, analyzed, and compared with experimental data, with a suitable agreement. It was observed that the areas near the focal point of the lentil grain dry and heat up faster; consequently, these areas are more susceptible to the appearance of cracks that can compromise the quality of the product. In addition, it was found that the vapor flux was predominant during the drying process when compared to the liquid flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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25 pages, 7609 KiB  
Article
Drying of Sisal Fiber: A Numerical Analysis by Finite-Volumes
by Jacqueline F. B. Diniz, João M. P. Q. Delgado, Anderson F. Vilela, Ricardo S. Gomez, Arianne D. Viana, Maria J. Figueiredo, Diego D. S. Diniz, Isis S. Rodrigues, Fagno D. Rolim, Ivonete B. Santos, João E. F. Carmo and Antonio G. B. Lima
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2514; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092514 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Vegetable fibers have inspired studies in academia and industry, because of their good characteristics appropriated for many technological applications. Sisal fibers (Agave sisalana variety), when extracted from the leaf, are wet and must be dried to reduce moisture content, minimizing deterioration and degradation [...] Read more.
Vegetable fibers have inspired studies in academia and industry, because of their good characteristics appropriated for many technological applications. Sisal fibers (Agave sisalana variety), when extracted from the leaf, are wet and must be dried to reduce moisture content, minimizing deterioration and degradation for long time. The control of the drying process plays an important role to guarantee maximum quality of the fibers related to mechanical strength and color. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the drying of sisal fibers in an oven with mechanical air circulation. For this purpose, a transient and 3D mathematical model has been developed to predict moisture removal and heating of a fiber porous bed, and drying experiments were carried out at different drying conditions. The advanced model considers bed porosity, fiber and bed moisture, simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and heat transport due to conduction, convection and evaporation. Simulated drying and heating curves and the hygroscopic equilibrium moisture content of the sisal fibers are presented and compared with the experimental data, and good concordance was obtained. Results of moisture content and temperature distribution within the fiber porous bed are presented and discussed in details. It was observed that the moisture removal and temperature kinetics of the sisal fibers were affected by the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, being more accentuated at higher temperature and lower relative humidity, and the drying process occurred in a falling rate period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Heat Transfer in Porous Media)
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