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Polymers
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Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications
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Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2024 | Viewed by 6885

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dawei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
Interests: chitosan hydrogel; chitosan nanofiber; rapidly UV-curable resin; wound healing; soft sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xianzhi Kong

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
Interests: polyurethane adhesive based on lignin; surface coating of mental powder

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have been invited by the Editor of Polymers (MDPI) to establish a Special Issue entitled “Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications”.

Chitosan, a derivative of the natural polymer material chitin, is a special kind of amino polysaccharide. The amino group gives chitosan special biocompatibility, antibacterial and procoagulant properties, and its biological activity has been revealed in tissue engineering studies on skin, bone, cartilage, etc. Chitosan and chitin can be dissolved into aqueous solutions to prepare films, hydrogels, nanofibers, and composites.

This Special Issue focuses on the preparation and application of materials based on chitosan and chitosan, with the aim of presenting the latest research advances in biomedical applications of chitosan and chitosan, and highlighting the potential for further innovative research.

Dr. Dawei Zhang
Dr. Xianzhi Kong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chitosan hydrogel
  • chitosan nanofiber

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4744 KiB  
Article
Chitosan Supports Boosting NiCo2O4 for Catalyzed Urea Electrochemical Removal Application
by Fowzia S. Alamro, Mahmoud A. Hefnawy, Sherif S. Nafee, Nada S. Al-Kadhi, Rami Adel Pashameah, Hoda A. Ahmed and Shymaa S. Medany
Polymers 2023, 15(14), 3058; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15143058 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1123
Abstract
Currently, wastewater containing high urea levels poses a significant risk to human health. Else, electrocatalytic methodologies have the potential to transform urea present in urea-rich wastewater into hydrogen, thereby contributing towards environmental conservation and facilitating the production of sustainable energy. The characterization of [...] Read more.
Currently, wastewater containing high urea levels poses a significant risk to human health. Else, electrocatalytic methodologies have the potential to transform urea present in urea-rich wastewater into hydrogen, thereby contributing towards environmental conservation and facilitating the production of sustainable energy. The characterization of the NiCo2O4@chitosan catalyst was performed by various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the activity of electrodes toward urea removal was investigated by several electrochemical techniques. As a function of current density, the performance of the modified NiCo2O4@chitosan surface was employed to remove urea using electrochemical oxidation. Consequently, the current density measurement was 43 mA cm−2 in a solution of 1.0 M urea and 1.0 M KOH. Different kinetic characteristics were investigated, including charge transfer coefficient (α), Tafel slope (29 mV dec−1), diffusion coefficient (1.87 × 10−5 cm2 s−1), and surface coverage 4.29 × 10−9 mol cm−2. The electrode showed high stability whereas it lost 10.4% of its initial current after 5 h of urea oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications)
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14 pages, 4385 KiB  
Article
Two-Way Reversible Shape Memory Behavior of Chitosan/Glycerol Film Triggered by Water
by Shuozi Li, Hu Lyu, Yujia Wang, Xianzhi Kong, Xiangxian Wu, Lina Zhang, Xiaojuan Guo and Dawei Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(10), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102380 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1302
Abstract
Reversible shape memory polymers (SRMPs) have been identified as having great potential for biomedical applications due to their ability to switch between different shapes responding to stimuli. In this paper, a chitosan/glycerol (CS/GL) film with a reversible shape memory behavior was prepared, and [...] Read more.
Reversible shape memory polymers (SRMPs) have been identified as having great potential for biomedical applications due to their ability to switch between different shapes responding to stimuli. In this paper, a chitosan/glycerol (CS/GL) film with a reversible shape memory behavior was prepared, and the reversible shape memory effect (SME) and its mechanism were systematically investigated. The film with 40% glycerin/chitosan mass ratio demonstrated the best performance, with 95.7% shape recovery ratio to temporary shape one and 89.4% shape recovery ratio to temporary shape two. Moreover, it shows the capability to undergo four consecutive shape memory cycles. In addition, a new curvature measurement method was used to accurately calculate the shape recovery ratio. The suction and discharge of free water change the binding form of the hydrogen bonds inside the material, which makes a great reversible shape memory impact on the composite film. The incorporation of glycerol can enhance the precision and repeatability of the reversible shape memory effect and shortens the time used during this process. This paper gives a hypothetical premise to the preparation of two-way reversible shape memory polymers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications)
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16 pages, 1868 KiB  
Article
Crude Enzyme Concentrate of Filamentous Fungus Hydrolyzed Chitosan to Obtain Oligomers of Different Sizes
by Cleidiane Gonçalves e Gonçalves, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques Lourenço, Hellen Kempfer Philippsen, Alberdan Silva Santos, Lucely Nogueira dos Santos and Nelson Rosa Ferreira
Polymers 2023, 15(9), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092079 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Chitosan is a non-cytotoxic polysaccharide that, upon hydrolysis, releases oligomers of different sizes that may have antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of cancer cell growth, among other applications. It is, therefore, a hydrolysis process with great biotechnological relevance. Thus, this study aims [...] Read more.
Chitosan is a non-cytotoxic polysaccharide that, upon hydrolysis, releases oligomers of different sizes that may have antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of cancer cell growth, among other applications. It is, therefore, a hydrolysis process with great biotechnological relevance. Thus, this study aims to use a crude enzyme concentrate (CEC) produced by a filamentous fungus to obtain oligomers with different molecular weights. The microorganism was cultivated in a liquid medium (modified Czapeck—with carboxymethylcellulose as enzyme inducer). The enzymes present in the CEC were identified by LC-MS/MS, with an emphasis on cellobiohydrolase (E.C 3.2.1.91). The fungus of the Aspergillus genus was identified by amplifying the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region and metaproteomic analysis, where the excreted enzymes were identified with sequence coverage greater than 84% to A. nidulans. Chitosan hydrolysis assays compared the CEC with the commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5 L®). The ability to reduce the initial molecular mass of chitosan by 47.80, 75.24, and 93.26% after 2.0, 5.0, and 24 h of reaction, respectively, was observed. FTIR analyses revealed lower absorbance of chitosan oligomers’ spectral signals, and their crystallinity was reduced after 3 h of hydrolysis. Based on these results, we can conclude that the crude enzyme concentrate showed a significant technological potential for obtaining chitosan oligomers of different sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications)
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29 pages, 6695 KiB  
Article
Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Based on Water-Soluble Chitosan
by Anna Maria Strzałka and Jacek Lubczak
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061488 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2234
Abstract
At present, majority of polyols used in the synthesis of polyurethane foams are of petrochemical origin. The decreasing availability of crude oil imposes the necessity to convert other naturally existing resources, such as plant oils, carbohydrates, starch, or cellulose, as substrates for polyols. [...] Read more.
At present, majority of polyols used in the synthesis of polyurethane foams are of petrochemical origin. The decreasing availability of crude oil imposes the necessity to convert other naturally existing resources, such as plant oils, carbohydrates, starch, or cellulose, as substrates for polyols. Within these natural resources, chitosan is a promising candidate. In this paper, we have attempted to use biopolymeric chitosan to obtain polyols and rigid polyurethane foams. Four methods of polyol synthesis from water-soluble chitosan functionalized by reactions of hydroxyalkylation with glycidol and ethylene carbonate with variable environment were elaborated. The chitosan-derived polyols can be obtained in water in the presence of glycerol or in no-solvent conditions. The products were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and MALDI-TOF methods. Their properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. Polyurethane foams were obtained from hydroxyalkylated chitosan. The foaming of hydroxyalkylated chitosan with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, water, and triethylamine as catalysts was optimized. The four types of foams obtained were characterized by physical parameters such as apparent density, water uptake, dimension stability, thermal conductivity coefficient, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175 °C. It has been found that the obtained materials had most of the properties similar to those of classic rigid polyurethane foams, except for an increased thermal resistance up to 175 °C. The chitosan-based polyols and polyurethane foams obtained from them are biodegradable: the polyol is completely biodegraded, while the PUF obtained thereof is 52% biodegradable within 28 days in the soil biodegradation oxygen demand test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Materials: Preparation and Applications)
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