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Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 14057

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Dr. Mariusz Orlikowski

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Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: VLSI circuits; HDL modelling; distributed information systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The MIXDES conference series began in Dębe, near Warsaw, in 1994 and has been since organised yearly in major Polish cities. Until this year, the conference has been held annually without any interruption, and gathers participants from more than 25 countries. The MIXDES conference is one of the largest in this field in Central Europe, encompassing interdisciplinary research in design, modelling, simulation, testing, and manufacturing in various areas, such as micro- and nanoelectronics, semiconductors, sensors, actuators, biomedical applications, and power devices. The main organiser of all these conferences is the Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science of the Technical University of Lodz, Poland, headed by Prof. Andrzej Napieralski.

This Special Issue presents extended versions of selected papers from MIXDES 2020—27^th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems that was held online in June 2020.

The issue topics include:

- Integrated Circuits and Microsystems

- Thermal Issues in Microelectronics

- Microelectronics Technology and Packaging

- Testing and Reliability

- Power Electronics

- Signal Processing

- Embedded Systems

- Medical Applications of Microsystems

Dr. Mariusz Orlikowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

mixed design
integrated circuits and systems
embedded systems
modelling
signal processing
technology
packaging
testing
reliability
medical applications

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 11847 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Performance of a Capacitive Comb-Drive MEMS Accelerometer: Measurements vs. Simulation

by Mariusz Jankowski, Piotr Zając, Piotr Amrozik, Michał Szermer, Cezary Maj, Grzegorz Jabłoński and Jacek Nazdrowicz

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7462; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227462 - 09 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2065

Abstract

In this work, we analysed the difference between the measurement and simulation results of thermal drift of a custom designed capacitive MEMS accelerometer. It was manufactured in X-FAB XMB10 technology together with a dedicated readout circuit in X-FAB XP018 technology. It turned out that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor’s output is nonlinear and particularly strong in the negative Celsius temperature range. It was found that the temperature drift is mainly caused by the MEMS sensor and the influence of the readout circuit is minimal. Moreover, the measurements showed that this temperature dependence is the same regardless of applied acceleration. Simulation of the accelerometer’s model allowed us to estimate the contribution of post-manufacturing mismatch on the thermal drift; for our sensor, the mismatch-induced drift accounted for about 6% of total thermal drift. It is argued that the remaining 94% of the drift could be a result of the presence of residual stress in the structure after fabrication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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16 pages, 12081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of Thermal Event Image Processing Algorithms on NVIDIA Tegra Jetson TX2 Embedded System-on-a-Chip

by Bartłomiej Jabłoński, Dariusz Makowski and Piotr Perek

Energies 2021, 14(15), 4416; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154416 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2313

Abstract

Advances in Infrared (IR) cameras, as well as hardware computational capabilities, contributed towards qualifying vision systems as reliable plasma diagnostics for nuclear fusion experiments. Robust autonomous machine protection and plasma control during operation require real-time processing that might be facilitated by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). One of the current aims of image plasma diagnostics involves thermal events detection and analysis with thermal imaging. The paper investigates the suitability of the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 Tegra-based embedded platform for real-time thermal events detection. Development of real-time processing algorithms on an embedded System-on-a-Chip (SoC) requires additional effort due to the constrained resources, yet low-power consumption enables embedded GPUs to be applied in MicroTCA.4 computing architecture that is prevalent in nuclear fusion projects. For this purpose, the authors have proposed, developed and optimised GPU-accelerated algorithms with the use of available software tools for NVIDIA Tegra systems. Furthermore, the implemented algorithms are evaluated and benchmarked on Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator experimental data against the corresponding alternative Central Processing Unit (CPU) implementations. Considerable improvement is observed for the accelerated algorithms that enable real-time detection on the embedded SoC platform, yet some encountered limitations when developing parallel image processing routines are described and signified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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14 pages, 5660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Properties for Selected Experimental Set-Ups Dedicated to Measuring Thermal Parameters of Power LEDs

by Krzysztof Górecki, Przemysław Ptak, Marcin Janicki and Małgorzata Napieralska

Energies 2021, 14(11), 3240; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113240 - 01 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1644

Abstract

This article compares properties of two measurement set-ups dedicated to determining thermal parameters of power LEDs. The standard T3Ster set-up and the custom set-up developed in Gdynia Maritime University are considered. Both set-ups are described and the used measurement procedure is presented. The manner of measurement of optical power of the tested LEDs is also described. The method of measuring transfer transient thermal impedances between thermally coupled power LEDs using both set-ups is proposed. The measurement results of the mentioned parameters obtained with these set-ups for selected power LEDs are compared and discussed. Certain properties of software operating with both the considered measuring set-ups are also analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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18 pages, 3697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations of Electrical and Optical Parameters of Some LED Luminaires—A Study Case

by Przemysław Ptak, Krzysztof Górecki, Jakub Heleniak and Mariusz Orlikowski

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061612 - 14 Mar 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1693

Abstract

In the paper, the electrical and optical parameters of wirelessly controlled LED lamps of the Hue type are analysed. Features of this class of wirelessly controlled LED lamps given by the producer are described and a measuring setup for the electrical and optical parameters of the considered LED lamps is proposed. The results of measurements of the two investigated lamps with variable hue, based on RGB chips or emitted white light of different CCTs (correlated colour temperatures), are shown and discussed. Attention was given to the parameters characterising the influence of the tested LED lamp on such electric power quality indicators as PF (power factor) and THD (total harmonic distortion). Therefore, the influence of voltage supply and the selected value of power density of the emitted light on the THD and PF is analysed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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23 pages, 1979 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Testing Stability of Digital Filters Using Optimization Methods with Phase Analysis

by Damian Trofimowicz and Tomasz P. Stefański

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051488 - 09 Mar 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

In this paper, novel methods for the evaluation of digital-filter stability are investigated. The methods are based on phase analysis of a complex function in the characteristic equation of a digital filter. It allows for evaluating stability when a characteristic equation is not based on a polynomial. The operation of these methods relies on sampling the unit circle on the complex plane and extracting the phase quadrant of a function value for each sample. By calculating function-phase quadrants, regions in the immediate vicinity of unstable roots (i.e., zeros), called candidate regions, are determined. In these regions, both real and imaginary parts of complex-function values change signs. Then, the candidate regions are explored. When the sizes of the candidate regions are reduced below an assumed accuracy, then filter instability is verified with the use of discrete Cauchy’s argument principle. Three different algorithms of the unit-circle sampling are benchmarked, i.e., global complex roots and poles finding (GRPF) algorithm, multimodal genetic algorithm with phase analysis (MGA-WPA), and multimodal particle swarm optimization with phase analysis (MPSO-WPA). The algorithms are compared in four benchmarks for integer- and fractional-order digital filters and systems. Each algorithm demonstrates slightly different properties. GRPF is very fast and efficient; however, it requires an initial number of nodes large enough to detect all the roots. MPSO-WPA prevents missing roots due to the usage of stochastic space exploration by subsequent swarms. MGA-WPA converges very effectively by generating a small number of individuals and by limiting the final population size. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that stochastic methods such as MGA-WPA and MPSO-WPA are more likely to detect system instability, especially when they are run multiple times. If the computing time is not vitally important for a user, MPSO-WPA is the right choice, because it significantly prevents missing roots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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21 pages, 2797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compact Modelling of Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Colour Power LEDs Operating on a Common PCB

by Krzysztof Górecki and Przemysław Ptak

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051286 - 26 Feb 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1775

Abstract

This paper concerns the problem of modelling electrical, thermal and optical properties of multi-colour power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) situated on a common PCB (Printed Circuit Board). A new form of electro-thermo-optical model of such power LEDs is proposed in the form of a subcircuit for SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis). With the use of this model, the currents and voltages of the considered devices, their junction temperature and selected radiometric parameters can be calculated, taking into account self-heating phenomena in each LED and mutual thermal couplings between each pair of the considered devices. The form of the formulated model is described, and a manner of parameter estimation is also proposed. The correctness and usefulness of the proposed model are verified experimentally for six power LEDs emitting light of different colours and mounted on an experimental PCB prepared by the producer of the investigated devices. Verification was performed for the investigated diodes operating alone and together. Good agreement between the results of measurements and computations was obtained. It was also proved that the main thermal and optical parameters of the investigated LEDs depend on a dominant wavelength of the emitted light. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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17 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Applications of Elements Modelled by Fractional Derivatives in Circuit Theory

by Jacek Gulgowski, Tomasz P. Stefański and Damian Trofimowicz

Energies 2020, 13(21), 5768; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215768 - 04 Nov 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1964

Abstract

In this paper, concepts of fractional-order (FO) derivatives are reviewed and discussed with regard to element models applied in the circuit theory. The properties of FO derivatives required for the circuit-level modeling are formulated. Potential problems related to the generalization of transmission-line equations with the use of FO derivatives are presented. It is demonstrated that some formulations of FO derivatives have limited applicability in the circuit theory. Out of the most popular approaches considered in this paper, only the Grünwald–Letnikov and Marchaud definitions (which are actually equivalent) satisfy the semigroup property and are naturally representable in the phasor domain. The generalization of this concept, i.e., the two-sided fractional Ortigueira–Machado derivative, satisfies the semigroup property, but its phasor representation is less natural. Other ideas (including the Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives—with a finite or an infinite base point) seem to have limited applicability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems – MIXDES 2020)

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