2020 April - 112 articles
Nonlinear optics is an important area of photonics research for realizing active optical functionalities such as light emission, frequency conversion, and ultrafast optical switching for applications in optical communication, material processing, pre...
Heart related ailments are some of the most common causes for death in the world, and some of the causes are cardiac toxicity due to drugs. Several platforms have been developed in this regard over the years that can measure electrical or mechanical...
Microcapsules are attractive core-shell configurations for studies of controlled release, biomolecular sensing, artificial microbial environments, and spherical film buckling. However, the production of microcapsules with ultra-thin shells remains a...
Researchers are continuously making progress towards diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. However, there are still major issues that are presenting many challenges for current medical diagnosis. On the other hand, DNA nanotechnology has evol...
Miniaturization of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is typically beneficial for their operating characteristics, such as switching speed and power consumption, but at the same time miniaturization also leads to increased v...
A ring pump (RP) is a useful tool for microchannels and automated cell culturing. We have been developing RPs (a full-press ring pump, FRP; and a mid-press ring pump, MRP). However, damage to cells which were sent by the RP and the MRP was not invest...
With the advent of small-scale robotics, several exciting new applications like Targeted Drug Delivery, single cell manipulation and so forth, are being discussed. However, some challenges remain to be overcome before any such technology becomes medi...
Stress biomarkers such as hormones and neurotransmitters in bodily fluids can indicate an individual’s physical and mental state, as well as influence their quality of life and health. Thus, sensitive and rapid detection of stress biomarkers (e...
High throughput particle/cell concentration is crucial for a wide variety of biomedical, clinical, and environmental applications. In this work, we have proposed a passive spiral microfluidic concentrator with a complex cross-sectional shape, i.e., a...
Skin burns and ulcers are considered hard-to-heal wounds due to their high infection risk. For this reason, designing new options for wound dressings is a growing need. The objective of this work is to investigate the properties of poly (ε-ca...
High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigation of cellular functions. If one-side-open multi-channel microdevices are integrated with micropumps, the devices will achieve higher throughput in the ma...
The prediction of the viscosity of suspensions is of fundamental importance in several fields. Most of the available studies have been focused on particles with simple shapes, for example, spheres or spheroids. In this work, we study the viscosity of...
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the standard for nucleic acid detection and plays an important role in many fields. A new chip design is proposed in this study to avoid the use of expensive instruments for hydrophobic treatment of the su...
Self-sustainable release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to the retina using minimally invasive cell-encapsulation devices is a promising approach to treat retinal degenerative diseases (RDD). Herein, we describe such a self-sustainable d...
A new hybrid diffractive optical element (HDOE) was designed by randomly multiplexing an axicon and a Fresnel zone lens. The HDOE generates two mutually coherent waves, namely a conical wave and a spherical wave, for every on-axis point object in the...
The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the...
Surface functionalization of plastic parts has been studied and developed for several applications. However, demand for the development of reliable and profitable manufacturing strategies is still high. Here we develop and characterize a new process...
The present research focuses on the investigation of an in situ hydrogen charging effect during Crack Tip Opening Displacement testing (CTOD) on the fracture toughness properties of X65 pipeline steel. This grade of steel belongs to the broader categ...
In this study, a convenient assay method has been developed based on labeled functional nucleic acids (H-DNA) and a competitive fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (CF-LFI) for ampicillin (AMP) detection. Herein, we designed the tunable AMP probes f...
This paper proposes a compact, semi-circular shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna design with high isolation and enhanced bandwidth for ultrawide band (UWB) applications. A decoupling stub is used for high isolation reaching up to &mi...
In this work, we investigate the surface transfer doping process that is induced between hydrogen-terminated (100) diamond and the metal oxides, MoO3 and V2O5, through simulation using a semi-empirical Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. DFT was...
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are of high interest for recent electronic applications. Their applications range from medicine to measurement technology, from microfluidics to the Internet of Things (IoT). In many cases, MEMS elements serve as...
A special mold provided with a glass window was used in order to directly evaluate the flow progression during the filling phase of the injection molding process in a thin-wall cavity and to validate the simulation of the process with particular focu...
In this article, we present a semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel of reasonable size with improved swelling behavior. The semi-IPN is composed of N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid. Porosity was generated...
Conductance quantization (QC) phenomena occurring in metal oxide based memristors demonstrate great potential for high-density data storage through multilevel switching, and analog synaptic weight update for effective training of the artificial neura...
A combination of three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing and non-viral gene transfection is promising in improving outcomes of cell transplantation therapy. Herein, gene transfection profiles in 3D cell culture were compared between plasmid DNA (pDNA)...
The importance of the radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology and photovoltaic (PV) systems has been growing systematically in the modern world full of intelligent products connected to the Internet. Monitoring parameters of green energy pla...
The non-Newtonian nanofluid flow becomes increasingly important in enhancing the thermal management efficiency of microscale devices and in promoting the exploration of the thermal-electric energy conversion process. The effect of streaming potential...
A novel micromachined z-axis torsional accelerometer based on the tunneling magnetoresistive effect is presented in this paper. The plane main structure bonded with permanent magnetic film is driven to twist under the action of inertial acceleration,...
A novel type of spatial three revolute-cylindrical-universal (3-RCU) flexible micro manipulator is designed based on flexible hinges, and analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). The piezoelectric actuators are adopted as driving devices in this pl...
The formation of blister in the injection moulded parts, especially in the film insert moulded parts, is one of most significant causes of part rejection due to cosmetic requirements or functionality issues. The mechanism and physics of blister forma...
The present paper discusses the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) electroosmotic flow (EOF) and entropy generation of incompressible third-grade fluids in a parallel microchannel. Numerical solutions of the non-homogeneous partial differential equati...
High frequency (MHz-order) surface acoustic waves (SAW) are able to generate intense fluid flow from the attenuation of acoustic radiation in viscous fluids as acoustic streaming. Though such flows are known to produce a force upon the fluid and an e...
This Special Issue of Micromachines is devoted to optical trapping, and the enormous range of uses the method has found in the decades since its first demonstration [...]
Label-free, size-dependent cell-sorting applications based on inertial focusing phenomena have attracted much interest during the last decade. The separation capability heavily depends on the precision of microparticle focusing. In this study, five-l...
The accurate determination of specific tumor markers associated with cancer with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures is the most promising approach to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients and fight against the high incidence an...
Wind is a great sustainable energy source for harvesting due to its abundant characteristic. Typically, large space, loud noise, and heavy equipment are essential for a general wind power plant and it is solely operated by big-scale wind. However, wi...
Realisation of a perfect absorber
Droplet microfluidics involving non-Newtonian fluids is of great importance in both fundamental mechanisms and practical applications. In the present study, breakup dynamics in droplet generation of semi-dilute polymer solutions in a microfluidic flo...
Negatively charged lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major endotoxin and component of the outer membrane of several Gram-negative bacteria, provides a useful biomarker for the indirect detection of these pathogens. For instance, Escherichia coli (E. coli)...
Bimetallic Au/Pd nanoscale-thick films were sputter-deposited at room temperature on a silicon carbide (SiC) surface, and the surface-morphology evolution of the films versus thickness was studied with scanning electron microscopy. This study allowed...
In order to improve the mechanical strength of micro-booster based on 3,4-dinitrofurazanofuroxan (DNTF), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was introduced into the composite binder of nitrocotton (NC) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). A full-liquid explo...
This paper discusses the behaviour of different thermophysical properties of CuO water-based nanofluids, including the thermal and hydraulic performance and pumping power. Different experimental and theoretical studies that investigated each property...
Nanoindentation technique at low temperatures have developed from initial micro-hardness driving method at a single temperature to modern depth-sensing indentation (DSI) method with variable temperatures over the last three decades. The technique and...
Obstructions of the ureter lumen can originate from intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as kidney stones, tumours, or strictures. These can affect the physiological flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder, potentially causing infection, pain,...
The propulsive efficiency and biodegradability of wireless microrobots play a significant role in facilitating promising biomedical applications. Mimicking biological matters is a promising way to improve the performance of microrobots. Among diverse...
The MEMS devices are found in many of today’s electronic devices and systems, from air-bag sensors in cars to smart phones, embedded systems, etc [...]
The application of microchannel heat exchangers is of great significance in industrial fields due to their advantages of miniaturized scale, large surface-area-to-volume ratio, and high heat transfer rate. In this study, microchannel heat exchangers...
This paper presents a method to enhance the stroke level of a MEMS micromirror that, unlike conventional micromirrors, is actuated using a repulsive electrostatic force. The designed and proposed micromirror is held by L-shaped arms suspended over a...
A simple and inexpensive method to obtain Si conical structures is proposed. The method consists of a sequence of steps that include photolithography and metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) to create porous regions that are dissolved in a post-etc...
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