Applied Sciences, Volume 7, Issue 9

For ship detection, X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provides very useful data, in that ship targets look much brighter than surrounding sea clutter due to the corner-reflection effect. However, there are many phenomena which bring out f...

Guided waves represent a vast class of phenomena in which the propagation of collective excitations in various media is steered in required directions by fixed (or, sometimes, reconfigurable) conduits [...]

In this work a hybrid gas sensor based on a tunable fiber laser and a correlation spectroscopy technique is presented. The laser is tuned by varying the temperature of a bulk silicon wafer of 85 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m thickness and, once the desired wavelength is...

Accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to detect foot strike (FS), i.e., the moment when the foot first touches the ground. However, it is unclear whether different conditions (footwear hardness or foot strike pattern) influence the accuracy and prec...

The effects of doping antimony oxides (Sb₂O₃/Sb₂O₅) on the ferroelectric/piezoelectric and energy-harvesting properties of 0.99Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃–0.01BiYO₃ (PZT–BY) have been studied. The feasibility of doping Sb₂O₃ and Sb₂O₅ into the PZT–BY ceramics...

Accurate prediction of forthcoming oxygen concentration during waterless live fish transportation plays a key role in reducing the abnormal occurrence, increasing the survival rate in delivery operations, and optimizing manufacturing costs. The most...

Early detection of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is critical to prevent serious repercussion such as irreversible neurological damage and death. Currently, the most effective method involves analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) features obtained during ve...

A recent trend to spread the use of CO₂ refrigeration cycles in warm regions of the world is to combine a CO₂ cycle with another one using a high performance refrigerant. Two alternatives are being considered: cascade and mechanical subcooling system...

The combustion of coal wastes resulting from mining is of particular environmental concern, and the importance of proper management involving real-time assessment of their status and identification of probable evolution scenarios is recognized. Conti...

Soil consolidation as the dissipation of excess pore water pressure is mainly affected by the relative hydraulic conductivity among the layers. Geostatistical parameters such as the mean, the standard deviation, and the correlation length are physica...

Nowadays production system processes are undergoing sweeping changes. The trends include an increase in the number of product variants to be produced, as well as the reduction of the production’s lead time. These trends were induced by new devices of...

Wireless indoor and outdoor microcells (WIOMs) have emerged as a promising means to deal with a high demand of mobile users for a variety of services. Over such heterogeneous networks, the deployment of WIOMs costs mobile/telecommunications company h...

By one-pot wet chemical method, Pt-based hollow nanostructures were synthesized at room temperature. Because of the highly damping optical response of the metal, these Pt-based hollow nanostructures exhibited weak thermal effects with a laser focal s...

To improve the interfacial stability at high temperatures, n-type skutterudite (SKD) thermoelectric joints with sandwich structures of Ti/Mo/Yb_0.3Co₄Sb₁₂ were successfully designed and fabricated. In this structure, Mo and Ti were introduced as the b...

When recovering a shredded document that has numerous mixed pieces, the difficulty of the recovery process can be reduced by clustering, which is a method of grouping pieces that originally belonged to the same page. Restoring homologous shredded doc...

Previous studies showed that the influence of meteorological variables and concentrations of other air pollutants on O₃ concentrations changes at different O₃ concentration levels. In this study, threshold models with artificial neural networks (ANNs...

ElectroSpark Deposition (ESD) is a pulsed micro-welding process that is capable of depositing wear and corrosion resistance deposit to repair, improve, and to extend the service life of the components and tools. Major new applications have taken plac...

We report on the model-based development of a monkey robot that is capable of performing continuous brachiation locomotion on swingable rod, as the intermediate step toward studying brachiation on the soft rope or on horizontal ropes with both ends f...

Knowledge about the permeability of surrounding rock (salt rock and mudstone interlayer) is an important topic, which acts as a key parameter to characterize the tightness of gas storage. The goal of experiments that test the permeability of gas stor...

This study aims to propose an analysis method for resolving the pressure response of a pneumatic brake circuit considering the effect of a transmission pipe. Pneumatic brake systems (PBS) are widely used in commercial vehicles. The pressure response...

Optical printed circuit board (OPCB) waveguide materials and fabrication methods have advanced considerably over the past 15 years, giving rise to two classes of embedded planar graded index waveguide based on polymer and glass. We consider the perfo...

As the open source development of additive manufacturing has led to low-cost desktop three-dimensional (3-D) printing, a number of scientists throughout the world have begun to share digital designs of free and open source scientific hardware. Open s...

Home area energy networks will be an essential part of the future Energy Internet in terms of energy saving, demand-side management and stability improvement of the distribution network, while an energy router will be the perfect choice to serve as a...

A metamaterial aperture antenna (MAA) that generates frequency-diverse radiation field patterns has been introduced in the context of microwave wave imaging to perform compressive image reconstruction. This paper presents a new metamateriapl aperture...

Because both the inner and outer rings rotate, the intershaft bearings used in gas turbines do not have fixed bearing housings. As a result, the vibration of intershaft bearings cannot be measured directly. Therefore, a vibration signal can only be c...

Supply chain management requires regular updates of the location of assets, which can be enabled by low power wide area networks, such as Sigfox. While it is useful to localize a device simply by its communication signals, this is very difficult to d...

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the structure and capacitance of the electrical double layers (EDLs) at the interface of vertically oriented graphene and ionic liquids [EMIM]⁺/[BF₄]⁻. The distribution and migration of th...

Ultralow friction is achieved by ZrO₂ as the friction mate material for DLC (Diamond like carbon) films under various environments. Coefficient of friction (CoF) of ZrO₂/DLC films is as ultra low as 0.02 in ambient air at the temperature of 200 °C, a...

There are currently several new technologies being used to generate digital elevation models that do not use photogrammetric techniques. For example, LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) and RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) can generate 3D...

The Internet of Things (IoTs) relies on efficient node memories to process data among sensors, cloud and RF front-end. Both mainstream and emerging memories have been developed to achieve this energy efficiency target. Spin transfer torque magnetic t...

Volcanic eruptions cause pyroclastic flows, which can destroy plantations and settlements. We used image data from Landsat 7 Bands 7, 4 and 2 and Landsat 8 Bands 7, 5 and 3 to observe and analyze the distribution of pyroclastic flow deposits for two...

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have good physical properties, such as high specific strength and high specific modulus. However, cutting delamination, tearing and burr, etc. often occur in the machining process of CFRP, which results in the...

Supercritical CO₂ (Sc-CO₂), a supercritical solvent, can extract small organic molecules (fluid) from coal, changing pore structures to affect gases storage and migration in the coal matrix. Five undeformed coals before and after the second coalifica...

The self-resonating water jet offers the advantages of both a cavitation jet and a pulsed jet, and thus has been widely used for many practical applications. In the present study, the 120° -impinging edge Helmholtz nozzle was investigated for better...

Artificial air entrainment has been widely used to avoid cavitation damage in spillways where high-velocity flow occurs, and its performance is very important for spillway safety. In order to evaluate the performance of the aeration system in the spi...

Mixture theory provides a continuum framework to model a multi-phase system. The basic assumption is, at any instant of time all phases are present at every material point and momentum and mass balance equations are postulated. This paper reviews the...

This paper presents an agent-based model that performs the management of traffic flows in a network with the purpose of observing in a simulation of distinctive congestion scenarios how the automation of the monitoring task improves the network perfo...

Concepts and techniques developed to investigate complex systems have found practical implications in the study of many complex physical, biological, and social phenomena. Social neuroscience is coherently moving to new investigation and analysis app...

A low-cost and facile preparation of water-soluble carbon nanomaterials from commercial available graphite and polypropylene carbon fibers was achieved. N-doped graphene quantum dot was also prepared as a comparable agent. The resultant carbon nanoma...

Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a significant factor influencing several pathological conditions. Gait analysis is based on biomechanical gait models calculating joint kinematics; however, no previous study has validated its ability to detect anatomi...

This study introduces a frequency regulation strategy to enable the participation of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The optimal strategy focuses on developing the frequency support capability of PMSGs connected to...

Fatal accidents associated with underground coal mines require the implementation of high-level gas monitoring and miner’s localization approaches to promote underground safety and health. This study introduces a real-time monitoring, event-reporting...

Traditionally, departments of transportation (DOTs) have dispatched probe vehicles with dedicated vehicles and drivers for monitoring traffic conditions. Emerging assisted GPS (AGPS) and accelerometer-equipped smartphones offer new sources of raw dat...

Photothermal therapy is proposed as a straightforward manner of killing cancer cells, which a plasmon field of gold nanoparticles is activated by incoming light resonance leading to a local increase of temperature. This photothermal effect is strongl...

This paper presents the effects of the top water-bearing zone on the performance of the steam and gas push, i.e., nitrogen as a non-condensable gas injected with steam into an oil sands deposit. The flow characteristics of fluid mixtures are examined...

Inspired by vortex induced vibration energy harvesting development as a new source of renewable energy, a T-shaped design vibration energy harvester is introduced with the aim of enhancing its performance through vortex induced vibration at near reso...

Due to the exponentially increasing connectivity and bandwidth demand from the Internet, the most advanced examples of medium-scale fast reconfigurable photonic integrated switch circuits are offered by research carried out for data- and computer-com...

In this work, fully-resolved rotor-fuselage interactional aerodynamics is used as the forcing term in a model based on the Euler-Bernoulli equation, aiming to simulate helicopter tail-boom vibration. The model is based on linear beam analysis and cap...

Laser drilling and laser engraving are common manufacturing processes that are found in many applications. With the continuous progress of additive manufacturing (3D printing), these processes can now be applied to the materials used in 3D printing....

For the investigation of processes happening on the time scale of the motion of bound electrons, well-controlled X-ray pulses with durations in the few-femtosecond and even sub-femtosecond range are a necessary prerequisite. Novel free-electron laser...